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Optimization Of Infill Concrete Dimension In Composite Girder Box Based On Igrnn, Wang Yafeng, Liu Jian, Ke Hongjun

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

The mechanical performance of the negative bending moment zone of steel-concrete composite continuous girders has always been a focus of attention in bridge engineering.Existing research mainly proposes improvement measures for the tension of concrete bridge decks,while paying little attention to the common phenomenon of steel girders bearing pressure.The steel girders in steel-concrete composite girders,especially the steel bottom plate in the negative bending moment area of the pier top,bear the highest compressive stress of the entire bridge.Therefore,by taking a steel-concrete composite girder bridge in Zhejiang Province as the engineering background,it is proposed to partially fill the interior of the box girder …

Experimental Study On Bending And Shear Performance Of Joint With Looped Reinforcement In Prefabricated Components, Liu Zhiquan, Hu Ke, Shi Xuefei, Zhong Yuzhuo

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

A joint with looped reinforcement is a type of steel bar connection structure with wet joints characterized by quick construction.In order to study the bending and shear stress performance and load-bearing capacity characteristics of the wet joints,four bearing capacity tests for bending and shear were designed and conducted for common application scenarios.The load,strain,and displacement changes of the specimens during the test process were tested,and the failure characteristics,load–displacement changes,and ultimate bearing capacity of this type of wet joint were analyzed.The results show that the wet joint with looped reinforcement has good ductility and conforms to the design principles of reinforced concrete.The …

Bending Moment Calculation And Reinforcement Recommendations For Cast-In-Place Cover Slabs In Slab Culverts, Li Yukun, Wan Kecheng, Fu Fulin

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To address the complexity and lack of practical methods for calculating bending moments of cast-in-place cover slabs in slab culverts,the slabs were simplified as one-way slabs with a pair of opposing edges simply supported and the other pair of edges free.Theoretical formulas for calculating the bending moments within the slabs under uniformly distributed loads were derived using elastic theory.The accuracy of the theoretical formulas was validated through case studies via finite element software.Various combinations of length,width,and fill heights exist in highway projects,making the use of theoretical formulas for bending moment calculations cumbersome.Therefore,a simplified method for calculating maximum bending moments in …

Research On Cable Force Optimization Of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges Based On Rbfnn+Improved Parti Cle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Deng Da, He Bowen, Liu Guokun

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In view of the cable force optimization problem of long-span cable-stayed bridges,a cable force optimization method considering the reliability index of stay cables was proposed based on the response surface fitted by the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN ).The RBFNN-based response surface model for solving the reliability index was established by fitting the structural implicit function through RBFNN training.The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to search for the optimal solution of the cable force optimization model considering the reliability index.The research results show that RBFNN can accurately predict the structural responses and fit the structural implicit performance …

Design Optimization And Experimental Study Of Cfrp Plate Anchorage With Clip-Extension Type, Qi Yijia, Xiao Dan, Wang Zhongqiang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Existing anchorage is prone to damaging the carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP ) plate due to the “notch effect ” and uneven distribution of clamping stress.This study proposed a new clip-extension type anchorage for the CFRP plate.This design utilized the ductility of steel for stress diffusion and guided the compressive stress zone in the CFRP plate away from the notched end,realizing a smooth transition of the clamping force of the CFRP plate at the clip port and effectively reducing the “notch effect ”.The design also reduced the strain difference between the carbon fibers,resulting in a more synchronized lateral deformation of the …

Research On Whole-Hole Testing Technology For Under-Anchor Tension In Prestressed Concrete Girders, Zhu Jianzhao, Dong Hao, Gu Jungang, Feng Lu, Li Shuyang, Zhang Shoulong, Chen Chaung

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

This study aims to propose a new testing method,namely whole-hole back-pull testing technology,to reduce costs and increase efficiency in under-anchor tension testing,effectively addressing the engineering challenges of large testing volume and tight schedules.Based on the principle of the traditional back-pull method,the mechanism of whole-hole back-pull testing technology was explained through theoretical analysis and formula derivation.Technical optimization was carried out in conjunction with experimental research,and a complete application method was proposed.A feasibility analysis was carried out.The study obtained the simplified mechanical model and typical test curves of the whole-hole back-pull testing technology and proposed a formula and application method for determining …

Research And Applicat Ion Of Ultra Large-Scale Consolidated Under-Reamed Drilled Shaft Technology Under Special Environmental And Geological Conditions, Ding Yi, Yu Kun, Shi Haiyang, Pei Xiaofeng, Zhu Bo

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

This article aims to add ress the poor economic efficiency of large-diameter and ultra-long piles,the high risk of hole collapse in thick sandy soil,and the limited space across the canal faced by the Bridge over Yellow River Diversion to Qindao Canal on Zhanhua ‒ Linyi Expressway.According to the comparison of conventional drilled cast-in-place piles with combined pile-end and pile-side post-grouting,the industry ’s under-reamed drilled shaft foundation with the largest disc diameter (4.5 m) and the largest single-pile volume (456 m3) was proposed and designed.At the same time,supporting devices such as three-arm rotary cutting drill bits and long arm borehole diameter …

Analysis Of Influence Of Internal Erosion On Deformation Of Subway Station Structure, Qin Tianxin, Wang Chen, Tan Xuyan, Wei Shengming, Liang Fayun

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Under the long-term effects of disasters such as rainstorms and floods,the soil layer around subway stations may be affected by internal erosion,threatening the structural safety of urban subway stations.To explore the influence of internal erosion on subway station structures,this study conducted isotropic consolidation and triaxial compression tests on gap-graded sand soil.Eroded soil specimens were simulated by adjusting the fine particle content to explore the pattern of variations in physical and mechanical properties caused by internal erosion.Results indicate that internal erosion alters the stress-strain relationship of gap-graded sand soil,increasing compressibility,decreasing shear strength,and weakening dilatancy.Drucker-Prager (DP) cap model parameters for eroded sand …

A Method For Determining Integrity Degree Of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Based On Mobilenet, Liu Houxiang, Yang Caixia

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To determine the integrity degree of tunnel surrounding rock more efficiently,a precise determination method for the integrity degree of tunnel surrounding rock based on the lightweight neural network MobileNet-v 2 was proposed.Firstly,the image was grayscaled and denoised,and the edges of cracks were detected.Then,the lightweight neural network MobileNet-v 2 model was pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset,and combined with transfer learning to complete data detection on the training,validation,and testing sets.Finally,a comparative experiment was conducted with traditional neural networks RestNet- 50 and VGG 16.By identifying the area,width,and length of cracks,the crack ratio Ks was introduced as an indicator to evaluate the integrity of …

Settlement Mechanism And Re Inforcement Measure For Large-Diameter And Small-Clearance Parallel P Ipe Jacking Undercrossing Complex Building, Tang Gang, Huang Wen Jie, Zhang Wenbo, Li Wenjie, Liang Bin

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

This study aims to study the settlem ent changes and distribution of various parts of a complex building during the construction of a large-diameter and small-clearance parallel pipe jacking undercrossing complex building.On the basis of the pipe jacking project of water quality guarantee engineering 2# for Tiegang –Shiyan Reservoir in Shenzhen,the settlement mechanism of pipe jacking undercrossing construction was analyzed.Through numerical simulation,the influence of the presence or absence of grouting reinforcement,and parameters such as longitudinal spacing and burial depth of pipe jacking on the variation trend and distribution law of building settlement was analyzed.The theoretically predicted values,numerical simulation values,and on-site …

Quantitative Evaluation Of Tunnel Rock Mass Integrity Based On Mwd Technology, Zhang Kunmu, Peng Hao, Liang Ming, Han Yu, Song Guanxian

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In tunnel construction,the quantitative evaluation of rock mass integrity heavily relies on information from the exposed face,and there are challenges when drilling data is used for integrity evaluation.To this end,this study introduced a novel method for quantitative evaluation of rock mass integrity during drilling,integrating numerical statistics with machine learning.A substantial dataset of digital drilling data was collected,covering three common types of rock mass integrity:relatively intact,relatively fractured,and fractured.Subsequently,a high-performance random forest model for the classification of rock mass integrity was developed through data preprocessing and hyperparameter optimization.The interpretability of the model ’s predictive results was enhanced using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP …

Evaluation Method For Nighttime Visual Space Improvement On Mountain Roads, Zhao Yan, Chen Yanli, Chen Jiale

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To address issues such as poor visual guidance,narrow field of view,and short sight distance during nighttime driving on mountain roads,this study proposed a visual space enhancement evaluation method applicable to mountainous roads at night.By integrating active and passive traffic safety facilities,a visual space enhancement strategy adapted to the nighttime environment of mountain roads was proposed.A multidimensional evaluation indicator for visual space was established based on co-simulation.The effectiveness of the strategy was verified from the perspectives of visual space expansion and driving safety improvement by taking a trunk highway in the Qinling mountainous region as a case study.The results show that …

Object Detection And Tracking Based On Fusion Of Radar And Camera On Highway Side, Zeng Yongqiang, Zhang Yonghua, Zhao Hui, Liu Xin, Xu Mingsheng, Shen Jianwei, Hu Zhiwei, Chen Zhenquan

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Camera is the most widely used sensor in intelligent transportation systems (ITS),but the decline of detection and positioning accuracy caused by target occlusion and external environment interference has always been an important factor restricting the development of ITS.In order to solve this problem,a multi-mode fusion target detection and tracking method based on millimeter-wave radar (MWR ) and camera on highway side was designed.Compared with cameras,high-resolution MWR had better measurement accuracy and weather robustness,serving as a better complement to camera perception.The proposed method used the center point-based radar and camera fusion algorithm for target detection and adopted the greedy algorithm for …

Construction And Application Of Knowledge Graph For Quality Management In Bridge Pile Engineering, Fang Xiaofeng, Dong Runhao, Gu Yanke, Pan Yanran

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To enhance the efficiency of quality management in bridge pile foundation construction,this study constructed a knowledge graph applicable to the construction field of bridge pile foundation engineering to enable systematic representation and intelligent organization of knowledge.A methodology combining top-down design and bottom-up design was adopted to develop a framework for constructing a knowledge graph for the quality management of bridge pile foundation construction that encompasses both the schema layer and the data layer.The schema layer was established through ontology modeling,clarifying the concept categories,hierarchical structure,and their attribute relationships.The data layer employed a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM ) network integrated with …

Bending Capacity And Strengthening Design With Bonding Steel Plates Of Concrete Sections In French Standards, Wu Zi

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In the French general technical clauses widely used in Francophone African countries,only the calculation principles for the bending capacity of normal concrete sections are provided,with explicit formulas not listed,and the strengthening design of structures is not involved.According to the fundamental principles of concrete structures and French standard regulations,the calculation formulas for the bending capacity of normal concrete sections were derived.On the basis of the assumptions of strengthening design,calculation formulas for strengthening with bonding steel plates were derived.Through practical engineering calculations conducted on the VDN Expressway project in Senegal,the applicability and reliability of the proposed formulas were verified.This study can offer …

Bridge Damage Detection And Bim Localization Methods Based On Image Recognition, Li Yu, Guo Hongjun

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To overcome insufficient information of 2D detection data in traditional bridge maintenance,which hinders precise decision-making,this study proposed an automated method based on deep learning and structure from motion (SfM ) technology,which realized the complete process from image recognition to the accurate mapping of damage information in a building information model (BIM ).First,the YOLOv 8 deep learning model was used to automatically detect bridge surface damage.Second,the SfM technology was applied for the local 3D reconstruction of the damage area and to determine the 3D coordinates of the damage.Then,the least squares method was used to align the local coordinate system with the …

Use Of Alaçatı Stone Aggregate In Conventional And Self-Consolidating Concretes, Tahir Kemal Erdem

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Alaçatı stone or Alapietra stone is widely used mostly for building cladding. However, its production and use in the construction sites generate high amounts of waste (debris), causing environmental pollution in Çeşme which is a touristic district. This study investigated the reuse of Alaçatı stone as lightweight aggregate (LWA) in both conventional and self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures. The concretes were prepared to have three different water-to-cement ratios (w/c), which were 0.38, 0.42 and 0.48. For each w/c, a conventional concrete mixture and two SCC mixtures with 60 or 70 cm slump flow were produced by varying the superplasticizer SP content. …

A Decision Support Model For Building Material And Component Reuse In The Context Of Circular Buildings, Havva Aksel

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Construction activities cause significant environmental impacts such as waste generation, pollution, resource consumption, and land use, which are expected to increase with global construction demands. To mitigate these environmental problems, the circular building occurs as an emerging concept depending on in the circular economy, which aims to minimize waste and redefine the “end-of-life” concept by reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovering materials. The reuse of building materials and components (BMCs) from existing structures represents a crucial strategy for achieving circularity in the built environment. Within this framework, design plays a key role. However, designing with reclaimed BMCs remains complex due to …

Assessment Of The Melt Quality Of A 30% Scrap Adc12 Aluminium Alloy Using The Inclusion And Fluidity Measurement Instrument (Ifmi) With Mullite Ceramic Filters, Gusti Ruri Ruri Lestari, Sandya Ananda Riswan, Muhammad Anis, Ahmad Ashari, Paramita Vidya Ayuningtyas, Bambang Suharno Prof, Donanta Dhaneswara

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The increasing demand for sustainable practices in the metal casting industry has driven the use of recycled aluminum alloys such as ADC12. However, the addition of aluminum scrap tends to increase oxide inclusions, which reduce melt fluidity and compromise casting quality. This study utilizes the Inclusion and Fluidity Measurement Instrument (IFMI), equipped with mullite ceramic filters, to assess the melt quality of ADC12 aluminum alloy containing 30% scrap. Fluidity and inclusion characteristics were evaluated at five pouring temperatures (660°C, 680°C, 700°C, 720°C, and 740°C). The results show that fluidity increased with temperature, reaching a peak of 84.6 g·s⁻¹ at 740°C, …

Equipment Criticality Analysis To Determine Asset Integrity Management System Scheme In Supporting Production Optimization Scenarios In The Aeging Field, Donny Andryanto, Donanta Dhaneswara

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

This research investigates the production decline and cost increase in the X&Y oil and gas fields from 2022 to 2023. Production fell by 34%, while production costs per barrel rose by 79%. To address these issues, a series of optimization processes are proposed. These aim to restructure and enhance the production facilities to reduce current production costs. The optimizations include reducing pressure at the PPP Platform in 2024. Additional steps include shutting down CPP-ORF 14” pipelines and most processes at CPP 2 Platform by 2027 to convert it into an accommodation platform. Further, the plan involves optimizing the release of …

An Overview Of Biomass-Derived Graphene Oxide And Its Characteristics For Future Sustainable Applications, Afif Wardana, Ahmad Nabil Shahab, Donanta Dhaneswara, Nofrijon Sofyan

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The production of graphene oxide (GO) from biomass presents considerable promise as a sustainable alternative substitute for traditional semiconductors. Biomass waste, abundant and often underutilized worldwide, is distinguished by its high carbon content and regenerative characteristics, rendering it an optimal resource for sustainable material production. By heating its biopolymers, lignocellulosic biomass can be used as a new material to make graphene, which forms three-dimensional turbostratic crystallites. These crystallites, composed of partially defective aromatic carbon sheets with graphite-like characteristics, make it easier to create GO with specialized functions for cutting-edge applications. Its capability underscores the revolutionary potential of biomass waste in …

Morphological Test Of Areca Nut Fiber Ceramic Membrane Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-Ray Mapping Spectroscopy, Amelia Marzain, Siti Umi Kalsum, Marhadi Marhadi, Ahmad Nabil Shahab

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

This study investigates the potential of ceramic membranes derived from areca nut fiber as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable material for the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) from groundwater. Two types of membranes were fabricated: one without activation and one chemically activated using 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The morphological and elemental characteristics of both membranes were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The concentrations of Fe and Mn before and after treatment were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The NaOH-activated membrane exhibited a more porous surface structure and higher oxygen content, …

Analysis Of Leakage In Nearshore Pipelines Using Fitness For Service Method To Ensure Mechanical Integrity Based On Api-579 Level 3, Elriandri Elriandri, Dedi Priadi

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

The Fitness for Service (FFS) analysis is performed as a quantitative assessment to evaluate the integrity condition of a pipeline. Essentially, FFS assessment helps determine whether equipment components can operate safely despite existing deficiencies. This evaluation is carried out using the Finite Element Method (FEM). In the case of an underwater pipeline that experiences leak due to anchor pull at the flange connection, it undergoes plastic deformation and is lifted approximately 1 meter. As a mitigation step, inspection and repairs have been carried out by the company. Subsequently, modeling is performed to reconstruct the deformation process of the pipeline. Then, …

Design And Development Of Biomimetic Hydrogel Interfaces For Enhanced Bioelectrical Signal Acquisition, Daniela Nikoloska

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Every second, human skin processes over one million sensory signals while maintaining properties such as electrical conductivity, mechanical adaptability, and regenerative capability that surpass all synthetic materials. Contemporary bioelectronic devices prove inadequate when contacting skin surfaces due to poor adhesion and electrical contact issues that prevent effective sensing. Despite advancements in wearable and bioelectronic technologies, current devices face major drawbacks when interfacing with human skin, particularly in maintaining firm adhesion, conformability, and low-noise electrical signal acquisition.

This research focuses on the development of a biomimetic hydrogel-based interface for bioelectronic sensing. Specifically, a hybrid hydrogel system composed of polydopamine (PDA)- doped …

Durability Of Alkali-Activated Concretes Under 5% Sulfuric Acid Environment, Celal Karabaş, Anıl Niş

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The investigation focused on the resistance to 5% sulfuric acid degradation of the alkali-activated concretes (AAC). The AAC was manufactured using a blended binder of 50% slag and 50% F-type fly ash. The AAC was activated using a blend of 14 M sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, with a hydroxide-to-silicate ratio of 1/2,5. Six AAC were produced against a 5% sulfuric acid environment, varying the binder amounts (400–500–600 kg/m3) and activator-binder (A/B) ratios (0,45–0,55). The chemical resistance of AAC was evaluated by visual appearance, variation in weight and compressive strengths. The findings pointed out that more gypsum and higher weight …

Comprehensive Risk Assessment For Construction Site Managers In Kosovo: A Mixed-Method Approach, Muhamet Ahmeti, Besian Sinani

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study developed and validated a hybrid ISO 31000:2018 Kosovo-compliant risk assessment framework tailored for construction site managers operating within transitional economies. The research employed audits of 20 ISO-certified contractors in Pristina, Kosovo, along with field observations, interviews, and quantitative risk matrices. The findings indicate a critical concentration of risk, with 70% of firms classified as "High" or “Very High” risk. The most prevalent hazards identified were working at height without collective protection, unprotected electrical systems, and manual handling of heavy materials. Regression analysis revealed that firms with a designated safety champion achieved significantly lower risk scores, whereas those with …

Behaviour Of Internally Strengthening Hollow Stainless-Steel Hot-Rolled Circular Columns Filled With Crumb Rubber And Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Wadhah M. Tawfeeq, Mohammed M. Rasheed, Mithaq Kohees, Ahmed W. Al Zandd, Saif Al-Balushi, Hamed Al Abdul Salam

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Stainless-steel sections are increasingly being utilised in favour of their higher durability. Simultaneously, the use of recycled materials in concrete is aligned with the global concern to encourage sustainable and environmentally friendly construction. The paper examined the behaviour of stainless-steel columns filled with concrete with crumb rubber (CR) and recycled aggregate (RA). It analysed the effect of different percentages of CR (0, 15, and 30) and RA (0, 15, and 50) on the compressive strength of the concrete and the performance of the columns using stainless-steel hollow sections. 20 specimens were manufactured, 18 of which were cast with concrete containing …

Piezoelectric Concrete: A Smart Material Approach For Energy-Harvesting Structural Technologies, Dianah Mazlan, Vynotdni Rathinasamy, Naveen Kumar, Liu Chunpeng, Elango Elango

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The rapid growth of urban infrastructure demands innovative materials that not only support structural performance but also contribute to sustainability through energy harvesting. Piezoelectric concrete, which integrates ceramics, polymers, nanomaterials, and bio-based fillers into cementitious matrices, has emerged as a promising solution. This review systematically explores the fundamentals of piezoelectricity in concrete, highlighting how stress-induced electromechanical coupling enables both energy harvesting and structural health monitoring. The paper critically evaluates major material systems including PZT ceramics, PVDF polymers, hybrid nanocomposites, and emerging bio-based materials, alongside their integration strategies such as embedded and surface-mounted approaches. Applications across pavements, bridges, and smart buildings …

Recovery Of High Energy-Value Materials From Mine Wastewater, Zainab Nasrullah

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

The increasing global demand for high-energy-value materials (HEVM), such as rare earth elements (REEs), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and lithium (Li), coupled with their limited availability and environmental concerns associated with traditional mining methods, necessitates the development of alternative and sustainable recovery strategies. Wastewater streams from industrial processes, mining operations, and electronic waste treatment represent untapped reservoirs of these valuable materials. Research is proposed to develop sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable methods for selectively recovering HEVM from mine wastewater (Berkeley Pit, Montana). Two innovative approaches, the adsorption process using functionalized adsorbent and solvent extraction (SX) using organic or hydrophobic …

Recycling Ndfeb Magnets I: Production Of Ree Fluorides By A Novel Lpc Process, Isaac Joseph Cobbinah

Graduate Theses & Non-Theses

Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets account for over 60% of global magnet sales and are widely used in high-tech, military, and clean-energy applications (Ormerod, 2022). However, they contain critical rare earth elements such as Nd, Pr, and Dy which poses supply chain and geopolitical risks for country like the United States, which rely extensively on foreign sources. Recycling end-of-life NdFeB magnets provides a sustainable solution that diminishes environmental impact, strengthens supply security, and supports stable domestic production of important rare earth elements. A three-stage process has been developed for recycling the REE-content of NdFeB magnets. While the focus is on neodymium (Nd), …