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Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 4, William A. Leinbach, Patricia Tinsman, David Gottshall, Marvin A. Dourte, Daniel T. Kohler, Sam Blood, Charles Layland, Margaret Layland, Brenda Wilton, Stephen Day, Richard Shaner, Donna Longenecker, William Weber, Mel Horst, Robert Jensen, Donald D. Dillon

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Coverlets
• Sign Painting
• Reverse Painting on Glass
• Kites
• Snake Lore
• Horncraft
• Weathervanes and Country Signs
• Festival Focus
• Sheep Shearing & Natural Knits
• Bread Baking Among the Pennsylvania Dutch
• The Craft of Rushing
• Toy Soldier Casting
• Pennsylvania Dutch Humor
• Fireside Brooms and Whirligigs
• Springerle

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 3, Earl F. Robacker, Henry J. Kauffman, Mac E. Barrick, Hilda Adam Kring

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Johann Adam Eyer: "Lost" Fraktur Writer of Hamilton Square
• Aunt Lydia
• The Image of the Jew in South-Central Pennsylvania
• Gertrude Rapp: Harmony Society Abbess
• Aldes un Neies

A Comparison Of Motoric And Linguistic Features In Graphic Samples Of Fluent And Nonfluent Aphasic Persons Over Three Time Intervals, Babette Fisher

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare the graphic production of fluent and non-fluent aphasic groups in terms of motoric and linguistic characteristics at three intervals of recovery, and to analyze change over time after combining the fluent and non-fluent aphasic groups.

The Koh Verbal System, Suellyn H. Glidden

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The purpose is to describe the Koh verbal system in terms of its grammatical forms and their possible meanings. Special attention is given to the tense-aspect-mood (TAM) system. The formally marked categories of the TAM system are relatively few in Koh. In fact Koh is a "tenseless" language in the sense that temporal deixis does not appear as a formal category in the verbal system. Rather, it is a sentence level function or is derived from the discourse-pragmatic context. There are one basic mood opposition and four aspectual categories. One aspectual category has a restricted usage. Even …

The Inflectional/Derivational Distinction, David H. Tuggy

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The traditional distinction between inflectional and derivational morphology is a useful one, but it is quite complex and difficult to apply to actual forms. With this, as with other linguistic distinctions, there is a tendency to assume that we have an absolute binary distinction, a dichotomy, a hard-and-fast line, with everything on one side purely inflectional and everything on the other side purely derivational. I do not believe the facts fit such a model.

"I would claim that the distinction is better viewed as gradual or scalar along several parameters. In other words, rather than the dichotomy …

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 29 (1985)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Fortis/Lenis Consonants In Guichicovi Mixe: A Preliminary Acoustic Study, J. Albert Bickford

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper focuses on the fortis/lenis contrast in consonants in the Guichicovi dialect of Mixe (Mixe-Zoquean; Oaxaca, Mexico), and uses instrumental data to support a proposed phonological analysis of this contrast. In the remainder of Sect. 1, I briefly survey prior work on this contrast, especially as it impacts on the claim that Mixe has three contrastive vowel lengths. I summarize the phonetic and phonological facts that were determined by ordinary techniques of phonetic transcription, and describe the phonological hypothesis for which I wanted confirmation from instrumental data. In Sect. 2, I describe the instrumental study, including …

Referential Distance And Discourse Structure In Yagua, Thomas E. Payne

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper concerns Yagua, a lowland language of Peru. It also concerns the choices speakers make as to how they will refer to or "code" participants in discourse. The body of this paper will be organized into two broad parts corresponding to these two most general concerns. In the first part, consisting of Sect. 2, I will describe the major formal devices used to code participants in Yagua. In the second part, Sect. 3 and 4, I will look at the use of those devices in a body of folkloric narrative texts. I will take as a …

Red Lake Falls, Minnesota: A Sociolinguistic Survey, James Kapper

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Despite the varied ancestry of the area's population, and a time span of more than a century for the mechanism of the American "melting pot" to have done its work, a relatively large number of people in the area still use the French language in their homes and describe themselves and their communities as "French."

"The background of the community and the survival of the language pose sociolinguistic questions concerning the status of the language in the community, the users of the language, and the situations in which it is used. The center of this study is …

Some Aspects Of Zapotecan Clausal Syntax, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper I discuss pronouns and various syntactic constructions in Zapotecan (Z) languages. My major goal is to present a broad overview of the similarities and differences which exist among the various members of the Zapotecan group in these syntactic constructions, which I generally discuss in theory-neutral terms."

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 2, Burt Feintuch, Jonathan R. Stayer, Lyle L. Rosenberger, B. G. Till, Martha S. Ross, Guy Graybill, Susan B. Trace

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• A Fiddler's Life
• An Interpretation of Some Ritual and Food Elements of the Brethren Love Feast
• Pottery Making in Quakertown: 1800-1879
• Teddy Bears: An Enduring Folk Tradition
• Lucia Day
• Dippy, Son of Puddin'
• Persecution and Genocide: The General Problem as Illustrated by the Anabaptist Experience

A Note On Ergativity, S', And S'' In Karitiana, Daniel L. Everett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Ergativity has long been an important topic in linguistic research, from both a typological (Comrie 1978, Dixon 1979, Plank 1979) as well as a theoretical perspective (Levin 1983, Marantz 1984). The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the discussion of this phenomenon via a study of a fragment of the grammar of Karitiana, an Amazon language, focusing especially on its ergative-absolutive marking of affirmative particles and personal pronouns. The special features of the Karitiana (henceforth K) system are: (1) only absolutive marking need be stated by rule, ergative case being a default mechanism, and …

Ñumí Mixtec Syllable Structure And Morphology, Laura Gittlen, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "[...] we discuss the morphology and segmental morphophonemics of Mixtec in a degree of detail which has never been done before. The most novel aspect of our work below, for Mixtec studies, is that we posit underlying forms for the two tense prefixes and then account for the variety of surface forms. Since in many--indeed, in a majority--of situations the underlying segments are not present in the surface form, the analysis is not immediately obvious."

Syllable Structure And Aspect Morphology In Isthmus Zapotec, Stephen A. Marlett, Velma B. Pickett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this article we discuss the basic features of Isthmus Zapotec (IZ) syllable structure. Although previous work (Pickett 1967) has done this in some detail already, the present work differs from the previous analysis. First, the constituent "rhyme" is used and found useful, but "nucleus" and "syllable-final margin" are not. Second, glides are analyzed as forming part of the rhyme in some instances, whether they precede or follow the vowel. Third, glottal stop is analyzed here as a laryngeal feature of the vowel rather than as a consonant restricted to syllable-final position. Fourth, in the present analysis …

A Speech Act Theory Based Interpretation Model For Written Texts, Takashi Manabe

Linguistics & TESOL Dissertations - Archive

In recent years, so called Speech Act Theory (a branch of the philosophy of language) has focused on such concepts as 'intention' (or 'intentionality'), 'interaction' and 'comprehension'. The author believes that this theory gives the theoretical basis for an interpretation model which is developed in this study. After human speech activities are placed in the larger context of human actions, a model which explains the performing process of speech acts is presented. In this model, four levels of intentionality are posited: utterance intent, propositional intent, illocutionary intent, and perlocutionary intent. These levels of intentionality are inseparable from each other and …

The Structure Of Reflexive Clauses In Michif: A Relational Grammar Approach, Larry Lee Lovell

Theses and Dissertations

Work in Relational Grammar has made possible the characterization of such notions as 'passive' and 'reflexive' in terms of grammatical relations and relational changes. More recent work in Italian has revealed evidence supporting the notions of retroherent advancement and cancellation.

This study examines reflexive clauses in Michif, a language with Algonquian verb morphology. It shows (1) that the conditions for the occurrence of the reflexive morpheme and the passive morpheme may be formulated simply using concepts available in RG, (2) that the structure of reflexive Passive clauses involves retroherent advancement, and (3) that there exist initially unaccusative clauses in Michif …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 34, No. 1, Hans Trumpy, William T. Parsons, Marion Lois Huffines, Robert P. Stevenson, Jane Adams Clarke

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• American News in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Swiss Almanacs: An Overview
• The Stuff of Which Folksongs are Made: Dialect Poetry of Lina Somer (1862-1932)
• Word Gain and Loss in the English of the Pennsylvania Germans
• The Autograph Album: A Victorian Girl's Best Friend
• Cobwebs on My Mind: Untangling Family Relationships
• Aldes un Neies

Roger C. Green's Review Of Roger M. Keesing's Kwaio Religion: The Living And The Dead In A Solomon Island Society, Roger C. Green

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 33, No. 4, Mark R. Eaby Jr., Barbara Strawser, Eleanor Dudrear, Albert Dudrear Jr., Edward Eirikis, Gerri Sproesser, Carol Nagel, Vivian Aron, Marie George, Ann S. Burrows, Richard F. Kurr, James K. Beard, Jeanne Reifel, Tom Kloss, Jeffrey M. Fiant, Ivan E. Hoyt

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• I Remember Well: Thirty-Five Years of the Kutztown Folk Festival
• Furniture Graining
• Old Fashioned Clear Toy Candy
• Metal Etching
• Stenciling
• Baskets and Basket Weavers
• Apple Butter: Then and Now
• Festival Focus
• Festival Programs
• 20th Annual Quilting Contest
• Quilts and Quilt Marking
• The Art of the Pennsylvania Dutch
• Music on the Main Stage
• Scratchboard
• Pennsylvania Dutch Folk Art in Wood
• The Windsor Chair
• Hex Signs

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 33, No. 3, Terry G. Jordan, Robert G. Adams, Paul R. Wieand, Karl J. R. Arndt, Karen Guenther

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Moravian, Schwenkfelder, and American Log Construction
• The Search for Our German Ancestors Continued: The Breunings of Mohringen
• Where the Groundhog is King
• The Louisiana Passport of Pennsylvania's Charles Sealsfield
• A "Garden for the Friends of God": Religious Diversity in the Oley Valley to 1750

Central Carolinian Oral Narratives: Indigenous Migration Theories And Principles Of Order And Rank, William H. Alkire

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Clitic Doubling And M-Chains In Pirahã, Daniel L. Everett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Recent studies of syntax have shown clitics to be a rich source of insights into a variety of principles governing the well-formedness of sentences (cf., inter alia, Kayne (1975); Steele, et al. (1981); Jaeggli (1982); Borer (1981); Kaisse (1982)). One particularly interesting focus of discussion continues to be the relationship between pronominal clitics and coreferential NPs in the same clause, so called clitic doubling constructions. [...]

"At least two points of consensus have been reached by studies on clitic doubling in the Government and Binding Theory (henceforth GBT) of Chomsky (1981; 1982). These are : (i) the …

A Beginning Sketch Of The Huastec Noun Phrase, Abdias Pablo E., Daniel L. Everett, James Walker

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The present paper proposes a preliminary analysis of nominal phrases in Huastec, a Mayan language spoken in the states of Veracruz and San Luís Potosí, Mexico. This analysis is important in that it provides one of the first discussions of phrase structure in Huastec, a language regarded by some authorities as somewhat independent in its development in the Mayan family (for one classification of Huastec, cf. Voeglin and Voeglin (1977:224ff)).

"While earlier studies of Huastec (cf. Walker 1983)) have claimed the basic word order to be VSO, material found in texts has adduced little evidence for this. …

New Approaches To Coping With Stress: A Case Study In Conchucos Quechua, Anne M. Stewart

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "The primary purpose of this present study is [...] not to argue for the superior effectiveness of the metrical approach by comparing it with another approach, but to demonstrate its effectiveness by applying it to the description of a stress system which has not been previously studied, that of the Quechua of Conchucos. [...] The analytical framework is as outlined in the first three chapters of Hayes (1980)."

Evidence For A Yaguan-Zaparoan Connection, Doris L. Payne

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "This paper examines preliminary evidence regarding the type of the relationship obtaining between Peba-Yaguan and Zaparoan languages. My tentative conclusions are that certain features shared by the Peba-Yaguan and Zaparoan families may be due to a genetic connection, though independent origin cannot be ruled completely out. These features include phonological phenomena, certain transitivity-related verbal suffixes, and postpositional counterparts of some such suffixes."

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 33, No. 2, Joseph S. Miller, Hilda Adam Kring, Susan P. Martin, Elizabeth M. Safanda, William T. Parsons, Harold C. Miller, Amos B. Hoover

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Children of the Spirit, Not of the Law: Themes in Anabaptist Theology
• Religious Symbols in a Symbol-less Society
• Games and Activities of the New Wilmington Amish School Children
• The Amish Quilts of Lancaster County 1860 to 1930
• Francis Daniel Pastorius, Public Servant and Private Citizen
• Life with Grandfather: Growing Up in a Plain Pennsylvania German Community in the 1920s
• A Tear for Jonas Martin: Old Order Mennonite Origins in Lancaster County

Two Approaches To Predictive Indeterminacy, Gregory Stump

Linguistics Faculty Publications

In formal analyses of productive systems of stem gradation, it is commonly assumed (1) that each alternating stem possesses a single, basic grade form from which its other grade forms may be derived, and (ii) that all basic forms belong to the same grade; certain languages, however, present predictively indeterminate systems of gradation, for which these assumptions are not apparently valid. Two approaches to the analysis of such systems are discussed here: the first approach, exemplified by Anderson’s (1976) Analysis of initial consonant gradation in Fula, allows both assumptions (i) and (ii) to be maintained at the expense of an …

Review Of Sprachwandel Als Soziales Phänomen: Eine Empirische Studie Zu Soziolinguistischen Und Soziopsychologischen Faktoren Des Sprachwandels Im Südlichen Burgenland, By Rudolf Muhr, Nancy C. Dorian

German Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Relational Grammar Approach To Kera Syntax, Janet K. Camburn

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the thesis as originally filed with the university:

"Kera is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Chadic family. Verb morphology includes complex tense and aspect marking. Indication of final grammatical relations is by word order, auxiliary prefix agreement with subject, fused pronouns as direct and indirect object, and prepositions to mark indirect objects and obliques. Body parts serve as prepositions and they govern a locative suffix on the noun phrase which they precede.

"A passive construction is described and its analysis defended within the relational grammar framework. Arguments for this analysis are based on term markings discussed above, plus …

Locational Relations In Yagua Narrative, Thomas E. Payne

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "In this paper I will attempt to show that locational relations are specified by rhetorical predicates in the same way as the other relations mentioned above are. I suggest that the paucity of locational and directional relations in lists of rhetorical predicates in previous work is due to the absence of specific morphosyntactic devises for indicating such relations in the languages that most linguists speak."