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Effect Of Garlic Paste Addition On Volatile Flavor Substances In Crayfish Tails, Tu Jianqiu, Fu Wenjun, Yang Xiaocong, Jing Lixiang, Zhu Jing, Li Jianfang

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effect of garlic paste addition on volatile flavor substances and color attributes of crayfish tails, and provide a theoretical basis for flavor standardization in industrial production.［Methods］ This paper adopts gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS ) combined with colorimetric analysis to study the characteristics of volatile components and color parameters (L*,a*,b* values ) of crayfish tails under garlic paste additions of 0%,4.4%,8.8%,13.2%,17.6%,and 22.0%. Principal component analysis (PCA ) is applied to analyze flavor differences.［Results］ Colorimetric analysis reveals that garlic paste addition significantly decreases L* from 45.69 to 34.50 and b* from 39.24 to 29.94 (P<0.05), while a* values show a significant difference under the garlic paste addition of more than 13.2% (P<0.05). A total of 53 volatile substances are identified by GC-IMS, and their total content increases gradually with the rising garlic paste addition (highest value in the 22% group at 18 749 and lowest value in the control group at 10 758). Camphene, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutyl acetate, allyl isothiocyanate, and heptanal are identified as intrinsic flavor markers of crayfish meat. Key contributors to flavor include camphene, 1-heptanol, 3-pentenenitrile, 2,3-pentanedione, diacetyl, and isopropanol. PCA shows that the 13.2%~17.6% group exhibits significantly different flavor characteristics from other groups (PC1 contribution rate of 76%).［Conclusion］ Under the garlic paste addition of 8.8%~13.2%, the optimal balance between flavor and color attributes is achieved, while excessive addition of more than 17.6% results in aldehyde overaccumulation and accelerated browning.

Optimization Of Polysaccharide Extraction Process From Chlorella Vulgaris And Their Antioxidant Activity, Wang Hua, Zhang Pengjuan, Xue Xiaodong, Liu Ziyu

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To optimize the extraction process of Chlorella vulgaris polysaccharides using response surface methodology and analyze their antioxidant activity.［Methods］ The extraction rate of C.vulgaris polysaccharides is used as an evaluation index, and the single factor method is used to select the three factors with the greatest impact on the polysaccharide extraction rate. Box-Behnken design is used to optimize the extraction process. The antioxidant capacity of C.vulgaris polysaccharides is evaluated by DPPH scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and total reducing power.［Results］ The optimal extraction conditions are determined as follows: sodium hydroxide mass concentration of 1.70 g/100 mL, extraction temperature of …

Effects Of Thermal Processing Methods On Flavor Quality Of Fish Meat And Differential Formation Mechanisms : A Review, Zou Wanghua, Hou Xiaoyi, Liu Miao, Deng Na, Ni Panxianzhi, Li Hui, Fu Haohua, Wang Jianhui

Food and Machinery

Thermal processing is the most commonly used technique for fish products. Different thermal processing techniques vary in the degree of lipid oxidation, protein degradation, and Maillard reaction, as well as the synergy among these reactions, thereby differentially affecting flavor. Focusing on four typical thermal processing methods, steaming, boiling, frying, and roasting, this paper reviews the flavor change patterns in various types of fish products under different thermal processing conditions. Moreover, from the perspective of the synergy among lipid oxidation and decomposition, protein degradation, and the Maillard reaction, this paper systematically elucidates the formation mechanisms underlying the flavor substance enrichment and …

Research Progress On The Extraction Of Functional Components From Chinese Baijiu Distiller's Grains And Their High-Value Applications, Wang Yanyong, Guo Shuanghai

Food and Machinery

Chinese Baijiu distiller's grains represent a major by-product of the Baijiu brewing industry. The solid-state or liquid-state multi-strain fermentation process endows them with complex chemical compositions and functional properties, conferring considerable potential for further development. This study describes the chemical composition of Chinese Baijiu distiller's grains, discusses the differences in functional components arising from the brewing processes of various Baijiu aroma types, and evaluates advanced extraction techniques targeting core components, including proteins, dietary fibers, and polyphenols. The biological activities of Chinese Baijiu distiller's grain extracts, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, and immunoregulatory effects, as well as their underlying mechanisms of action, …

Invasive African Fig Flies (Zaprionus Indianus) Have Reduced Cold Acclimation Ability Compared To Cosmopolitan Drosophilid Species, Mia Hollekim, Lucy Smith, Priscilla A. Erickson

Biology Faculty Publications

Zaprionus indianus, an invasive species of fruit fly originating from Africa, has successfully inhabited eastern North America but is thought to be seasonally limited by cold temperatures. We compared the cold acclimation abilities of Z. indianus to six drosophilid species. Each species’ survival at -5°C was tested following acclimation periods at 10°C, 15°C, and 25°C. We found that Z. indianus had a similar baseline cold tolerance to other cosmopolitan species and acclimated following treatment at 15°C. Overall, cold acclimation in Z. indianus was better than tropical species but weaker than some cosmopolitan species, suggesting cold may restrict Z. indianus …

Main-Chain Ion-Pair Polybenzimidazole Membranes Enabling Reduced-Temperature Ht-Pemfc Operation (Down To 120°C), Brian C. Benicewicz, Huina Lin

Faculty Publications

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising for clean and efficient energy conversion across diverse applications. High-temperature PEM fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) using phosphoric acid (PA)-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) can operate up to 200°C, but at lower temperatures, water-induced PA loss often leads to performance degradation and reduced durability. In this work, we present a new class of main-chain ion-pair PBI membranes by integrating the imidazolium-biphosphate ion-pair units directly into the PBI backbone. This design results in membranes with high acid content, stronger acid-polymer interactions and stabilized acid retention. In single-cell tests, the Im+-PBI15-3 wt.% exhibits peak power densities of 0.79 …

Ai-Based Metacognitive Tutoring And Its Role In Enhancing Higher-Order Thinking Skills In Biology Learning: A Conceptual And Correlational Study, Ririn Mardiana Saputri, Sekar Juang Adilia Pantarei, Widi Purwianingsih

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are essential competencies in biology learning, yet many students continue to struggle with engaging in analytical, evaluative, and reflective thinking processes during science instruction. This study examines the role of AI-based metacognitive tutoring in supporting the development of HOTS in biology education. Employing a conceptual and correlational research design, this study integrates theoretical analysis with empirical correlational data collected from 85 senior high school students in Lombok, Indonesia. Metacognitive awareness was measured using the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI), while higher-order thinking skills were assessed using a validated biology HOTS instrument. The findings indicate a strong positive …

The Effect Of Project-Based Learning Model On Entrepreneurship (Pjbl-E) With A Deep Learning Approach On Students' Problem-Solving And Cognitive Skills, Ricce Oktasari, Irwandi Irwandi, Siti Darwa Suryani

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to examine the effect of the Entrepreneurship-based Project Based Learning (PjBL-E) model integrated with a pedagogical Deep Learning approach on students’ problem-solving skills and cognitive learning outcomes in biology learning. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of entrepreneurship values and pedagogical deep learning principles into Project Based Learning to create contextual and meaningful learning experiences. Entrepreneurship integration encourages students to develop innovative products, identify real-world problems, and apply biological concepts in practical and socio-economic contexts. Meanwhile, the pedagogical Deep Learning approach promotes reflective thinking, conceptual understanding, critical analysis, and the ability to connect theory …

Zinc Biofortification Technologies , Edible Safety , And Physiological Function Regulation In Edible Mushrooms, Wu Bingbing, Shi Nengpai, Su Jianwei, Hou Xuemei, Lin Xiangyang

Food and Machinery

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for humans, and dietary zinc deficiency is an important global public health issue. Edible mushrooms have become highly promising carriers for zinc biofortification due to their natural mineral accumulation ability and the capacity to convert inorganic zinc into organically bound states with higher bioavailability. The enrichment and absorption of zinc, intracellular homeostasis regulation, and subcellular distribution patterns during the cultivation process of edible mushrooms were summarized, and the key factors influencing the efficiency of zinc biofortification, including fungal species, zinc sources (inorganic, organic, or nano forms ),application methods,and cultivation conditions, were evaluated. In …

Advances In Extraction And Detection Technologies For Veterinary Drug Residues In Food, Luo Qiaoqiao, Yuan Yufeng, Jia Yunzhu, Chen Qingya, Tan Fang, Zhao Xin

Food and Machinery

Veterinary drug residues constitute a global challenge that poses significant threats to food safety and public health. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in detection technologies for veterinary drug residues in food, with a particular focus on the performance characteristics and application status of sample extraction techniques (including liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, QuEChERS, and magnetic solid phase microextraction ),as well as analytical methods (including chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques, immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis, biosensors, and quantum dots -based approaches ). Comparative analysis reveals that accelerated solvent extraction (ASE ) and QuEChERS have emerged as mainstream pretreatment techniques owing to …

The Effect Of Discovery Learning Model On Students’ Critical Thinking Skills In Biology Learning At Sman 1 Dampelas, Umiyatul Rahma, Mursito S. Bialangi, Amalia Buntu, Fatma Dhafir, Raya Agni, Gamar B. N Shamdas

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Critical thinking skills are essential in biology learning; however, many classroom practices remain teacher-centered, limiting students’ opportunities to engage in higher-order thinking processes. Although previous studies have reported the potential of Discovery Learning to enhance critical thinking, evidence regarding its effectiveness in secondary biology education remains limited, particularly in the context of Indonesian high schools. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of the Discovery Learning model on students’ critical thinking skills in biology learning at SMAN 1 Dampelas. A quasi-experimental study employing a nonequivalent control group design was conducted with 48 Grade XI science students, consisting of 24 …

Student Worksheets Based On The Local Wisdom Of Besilek Serawai For Sixth-Grade Elementary Science Learning, Mice Agustin, Tomi Hidayat, Irwandi Irwandi

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet (Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik [LKPD]) based on the local wisdom of Besilek Serawai for sixth-grade elementary science education and to evaluate its validity. The study employed the ADDIE development model, consisting of five stages: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The developed LKPD integrates Besilek Serawai, a traditional martial art of the Seluma community, with the concept of the human locomotor system in science instruction. The worksheet was validated by two subject-matter experts and two media experts. Material validation yielded an average score of 4.26, equivalent to a validity percentage of 85.2%, …

Children With Cerebellar Malformations And Co-Occurring Autism: A Phenomenological Study Exploring Challenges Faced With The Dual Diagnosis Process, Service Acquisition, And Psychosocial Impacts, Ladeana W. Gambill

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Parents of children who have been diagnosed with cerebellar malformations, such as Dandy-Walker Malformation, often face confusion and frustration as they are given uncertain prognoses about their child’s future. The uncertainty is further compounded when there are concerns for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and testing is sought, with conflicting answers on whether their child has autism or not. Acquisition of autism-specialty services may be delayed if a diagnosis of autism is not received in a timely manner. The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences and challenges faced by parents of children with cerebellar malformations …

Diversifying Clinical Trial Participation: Leveraging Digital Health Innovations And Community Outreach For Recruitment And Retention Improvements, Blake Aaron Lambert

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how digital tools and community outreach can improve recruitment and retention in clinical trials, particularly among underserved populations. This study examined key barriers to participation, the potential benefits and limitations of digital tools, and strategies to engage underrepresented groups. Surveys were conducted with healthcare professionals (HCPs) and community members to gather perspectives on participation in clinical research. NVivo was used to code and analyze data. The analysis identified themes related to cultural barriers and trust, awareness, logistical barriers and accessibility, structural barriers and relevance, digital tools, and engagement. Participants were expected …

Elucidating The Mechanisms Of Complex Flavoprotein Dehydrogenases, Tyler Alt

Dissertations

Flavins are ubiquitous redox active cofactors that can catalyze electron transfer between substrates. They offer the advantage of being able to stabilize a range of oxidation and protonation states, as well being amenable to covalent modification, which can further alter their activity. As such, the scope of reactions catalyzed by flavoproteins is broad and flavin has implications in a range of biological processes. The two predominant forms of flavin that serve as redox active cofactors are flavin adenine mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are functionally homologous. A major complication of studying flavoprotein dehydrogenases, and one that has …

Preoperative Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training Does Not Improve Quadriceps Strength Or Hypertrophy After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Daniel Mcgurren, Kaycee Glattke, Molly Klanderman, Jedediah Lee, Anikar Chhabra, Arthur De Luigi

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of a preoperative low-intensity blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) training intervention for patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Design: Pilot study

Methods: Twenty-eight patients undergoing primary ACLR participated in either a LI-BFR training or sham intervention at a rate of 2 sessions per week for 2 weeks before surgery. Quadriceps strength and cross-sectional area were measured via handheld dynamometry and leg press test before and after the intervention before surgery and at 5 different time points after surgery, through 24 weeks after surgery.

Results: Adjusting for sex, time, and strength/hypertrophy at baseline, there were no …

Influence Of Smoking On Mlh1 Gene Polymorphism: Insights Into Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Ali Mohammed Al-Abedi, Rand Muhammed Abdul-Hussein Al-Husseini

Al-Bahir

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1) gene plays a critical role in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Evidence suggests cigarette smoking increases CRC risk, potentially interacting with genetic factors.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study involved 50 Iraqi CRC patients and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The PCR-RFLP technique was employed for genotyping the -93G/A (rs1800734) polymorphism. Statistical analysis included Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, and logistic regression adjusted for confounders. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was assessed in controls.

Results: The frequency of the rs1800734 variant was significantly higher in CRC …

Dual-Action Antibacterial Agents Targeting Biofilm Reduction And Membrane Disruption In Staphylococcus Aureus, Rahmat Folashade Zakariyah, Waliyullahi Akorede Husain, Elohor Precious Samuel, Wonder Olanipekun Oloruntoba, Fatmah Opeyemi Saka, Khalid Ayinde Oyelami, Mariam Temitope Baker

Al-Bahir

Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a serious global health problem as the organism rapidly develops resistance against widely used antibiotics. This study sought to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of γ-Tocopherol, a natural compound from Ocimum gratissimum, as well as its synergism with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) against S. aureus. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were determined using agar diffusion and microbroth dilution methods, respectively. Biofilm reduction was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay and membrane integrity was evaluated using the crystal violet microtiter plate assay and the ion leakage assay. The results …

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Green-Method-Prepared Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Gene Expression Of Efflux Pumps In Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria Isolated From Women With Gestational Diabetes, Wissam Qadry Mutaab, Rana J. Shaker

Al-Bahir

Vaginitis is one of the most common women's health problems, and its severity increases in pregnant women with gestational diabetes due to higher susceptibility to infection and increased rates of antibiotic resistance. The research problem: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its association with AcrAB-TolC ejaculation pumps limits treatment efficacy, while the effect of green-method nanoparticles on gene expression of these pumps remains unclear. This paper aimed to detect the acrA and acrB genes in K. pneumoniae isolates and evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared with garlic and rosemary extracts on their gene expression. …

A Rho5-Cnc1-Dnm1 Signalling Module Coordinates Multi-Organelle Execution Of Regulated Cell Death In Yeast, Justin Bauer

Theses and Dissertations

Regulated cell death is a conserved process with major implications for health and disease, yet how yeast cells integrate stress signals to determine survival versus death remains unclear. This thesis investigates Cyclin C (Cnc1), a conserved Mediator kinase module component with both transcriptional and mitochondrial roles. Together with Cdk8 Cnc1 primarily represses stress response genes, while upon stress it translocates to the mitochondria to induce mitochondrial fragmentation with the dynamin-related GTPase Dnm1. Using structure-guided separation-of-function mutants, I demonstrate that Cnc1-dependent death requires its mitochondrial function rather than its transcriptional role, and that its effector Dnm1 acts as a signaling node …

Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes And Alzheimer's Disease: Phenotypic And Genetic Associations In The Uk Biobank And All Of Us Research Program, Aili Toyli, Chen Zhao, Kuan Jui Su, Hui Shen, Hong Wen Deng, Qing Hui Chen, Qiuying Sha, Weihua Zhou

Michigan Tech Publications

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are major public health concerns that share overlapping risk factors and potential mechanistic pathways. Although vascular contributions to cognitive decline are well documented, the specific relationships between AD and different CVD subtypes remain poorly understood. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we examined associations between AD and 11 CVD subtypes using logistic regression models in 2 large biobanks: the UK Biobank (n=502 133) and the All of Us Research Program (n=287 011). Models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. We also explored genetic overlap between AD and CVD traits through proximity-based …

The Helminthic Status Of Selected Tanzanian Subterranean Rodents, The Root-Rats (Spalacidae: Tachyoryctes Splendens) And Emini Silvery Mole-Rats (Bathyergidae: Heliophobius Argenteocinereus Emini), Jestina V. Katandukila

Tanzania Journal of Science

Root-rats (Tachyoryctes splendens) and emini silvery mole-rats (Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini) are common subterranean rodents that are essential component of the ecosystem. They serve as prey for small to medium-sized carnivores and birds of prey but their role as hosts to parasites is limited. The present study, explored the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) contents of 40 rodents (20 T. splendens and 20 H. a. emini, respectively) to acquire information on parasites diversity of these mammals. The GIT contents from subterranean rodents in a sex ratio of 1:1 were examined under a compound microscope to isolate helminths. The isolated helminths belonged to the …

Quercus Rubra (L.) Fine Root Trait Trade-Offs, Respiration, And Biomass Across A Midwestern U.S. Latitudinal Gradient, Emma L. Shedd, Andrew Burton, Carsten Kulheim, Molly A. Cavaleri

Michigan Tech Publications

Aims: Regional climate changes may lead to shifts in root traits, affecting forest productivity and carbon release. Fine roots, which can respire significant proportions of fixed carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere, may adjust through changes in their respiration rates, morphology, nitrogen content, or biomass. Across a species’ range, understanding how these characteristics vary in response to their current environments lays the groundwork for predicting their responses to novel environments. We investigated northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) fine root trait and biomass responses to growing season temperature and precipitation, and soil properties. Methods: We sampled soil and Q. rubra …

Antioxidant Potential Of A Non-Heme Iron Complex: Mitigating H2O2-Induced Cellular Damage, Magy A. Mekhail, David M. Freire, Cameron Bowers, Grant Elam, Nora Del Bosque, Hannah K. Pyle, Sarah K. Dunn, Spencer Lanyon, Timothy J. Hubin, Giridhar Akkaraju, Kayla N. Green

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Iron complexes with antioxidant activity have garnered significant interest for both general and medical applications, yet few studies have yielded functional nonheme iron-based mimics for H₂O₂ mitigation in aqueous environments. Here, we investigate water-soluble nonheme iron complexes derived from 12-membered pyridinophanes (^CF₃PyN₃, PyN₃, ^NMe₂PyN₃, and Py₂N₂) to evaluate the impact of ligand scaffolds on H₂O₂ decomposition activity both in vitro and in a cellular model. Speciation and kinetic analyses reveal that both electronic and geometric modulation of the macrocyclic …

Substantial Nighttime Evapotranspiration In Lettuce Grown Under Controlled-Environment Conditions, Claudia Garrido-Ruiz, Juan D. González-Teruel, Scott B. Jones, Bruce Bugbee

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Nighttime evapotranspiration (ET_n) has been widely reported across plant species, yet its magnitude and physiological significance in controlled-environment crop production remain poorly understood. This study quantified ET_n in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Outredgeous) grown under controlled-environment conditions and evaluated nighttime-to-daytime ET dynamics under contrasting surface cover conditions. Plants were grown in peat-based root modules operated as zero-drainage systems, allowing ET to be quantified from continuous mass loss of individual nutrient reservoirs. Two surface treatments were compared: uncovered growth media and growth media covered with flexible silicone-rubber sheets incorporated as part of the evaluated growth-system configuration, which …

Meningioma Detection From Mri: A Comparative Study Of Deep Learning Models, A. H. Doha, Sandi Jennifer, Fatima Alabdaly

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

This study compares several deep learning models including DenseNet20, CNN, ResNet50, VGG19, EfficientNet-B3, MobileNetV2, NASNetMobile, Xception to automatically classify brain meningiomas from MRI scans. A public dataset was used to evaluate the proposed model. All models were trained, validated, and tested on this dataset. Because meningiomas are common and manual reads, the goal is to speed and standardize diagnosis. Our main contribution is pairing a high-accuracy classifier with deep learning models. Among all models, DenseNet201 performed best, reaching 0.991% accuracy and reliably separating tumorous from non-tumorous MRIs. Future work will expand the dataset and incorporate stronger segmentation to further boost …

Impact On Energy Budgets In Grassland Production And Conservation Of Possible Production Of Energy From Biomass Crops, R J. Wilkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is commonly a conflict between output/unit of area of land and output/unit of support-energy (SE) input. The possibil­ity of using a proportion of the total land area for biomass energy production suggests an approach for calculating grassland out­put/ha unconfounded with differences in SE input. Output can be calculated for an area of land that is devoted to grassland and biomass energy crops in proportions that result in a net demand for SE of zero. Outputs of utilized metabolizable energy (UME) are related to inputs of SE for (1) grazed grass with high application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and (2) …

Efficiency Of Dairying Under Contrasting Feeding And Management Systems In North America, Israel, Europe, And New Zealand, J.D. J. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four different systems of feeding and managing dairy cattle are seen in major milk-producing countries. These are (1) feeding purchased roughages and concentrates to zero-grazed, intensively penned cows; (2) home growing of roughages and most con­centrates for zero-grazed animals; (3) feeding concentrates with conserved pasture and other roughages in winter and reduced concentrates to grazed cattle in spring-summer; and (4) feeding cattle on grazed pasture and conserved pasture throughout the year. The following data on the four systems were obtained from examples in southern California, Wisconsin, England/Wales, and New Zealand. Average fat-corrected milk (FCM)/cow is approximately 7,140, 5,300, 4,670, and …

Potential Contribution Of White Clover To The Economics And Support-Energy Inputs Of Grass-Based Beef-Production Systems, T A. Stewart, R E. Haycock, A S. Laidlaw

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biological output, gross margins, and efficiency of support-energy usage in an 18-month beef-production system on grass-white clover swards receiving either 50 kg N/ha stocked at 3.3 head/ha (low N) or 300 kg N/ha stocked 4.5 head/ha (high N) were compared. To date, two production cycles (1977-1979 and 1978-1980) at two sites have been completed. Mean live-weight and carcass gains/ha were, respectively, 17.5% and 14% higher from the high-N than from the low-N system. Gross margin/head was higher from the high-N system in the first production cycle but not in the second. In the low-N system as com· pared with the …

An Evaluation Of The Black Walnut- Tall Fescue Pasture-Management System, H E. Garrett, W B. Kurtz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The economic and biological feasibility. of a black walnut-livestock-grazing multicropping-management regime bas been evaluated for comparison with a similar livestock-management regime conducted in the open. Pure tall fescue plots were established under open and black walnut-shade conditions. Forage yields on a dry-weight basis were estimated for a 3-year period. A concurrent grazing trial was co􀀌ducted on similar sites using 1.2-ha plots. Black walnut seedlings were planted within the plots on a 3 x 12-m spacing and protected from grazing animals by electric fencing. The economic analyses of the alternate grazing systems were based on their respective present net worth and …