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Articles 451 - 480 of 734
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Selection Perception: Views On The Theory Of Evolution Among Residents Of Moshi, Tanzania, Robin Waterman
Selection Perception: Views On The Theory Of Evolution Among Residents Of Moshi, Tanzania, Robin Waterman
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The theory of evolution is a major tenet of biological science and has many practical applications, particularly in agriculture, medicine, and conservation. Nevertheless, there is significant opposition to the theory and its incorporation into school curricula, largely on religious grounds. This disconnect between public opinion and scientific opinion has been studied at length in the US and to some extent in other industrialized nations, but little is known about the issue in other communities around the world. This paper will use the town of Moshi, Tanzania as a case study in community views and knowledge about the theory of evolution. …
Impact Of Timing And Method Of Virus Inoculation On The Severity Of Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease, E. N. Wosula, Anthony J. Mcmechan, Allison L. Knoell, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Stephen N. Wegulo, Gary L. Hein
Impact Of Timing And Method Of Virus Inoculation On The Severity Of Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease, E. N. Wosula, Anthony J. Mcmechan, Allison L. Knoell, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Stephen N. Wegulo, Gary L. Hein
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), transmitted by the wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella, frequently causes significant yield loss in winter wheat throughout the Great Plains of the United States. A field study was conducted in the 2013–14 and 2014–15 growing seasons to compare the impact of timing of WSMV inoculation (early fall, late fall, or early spring) and method of inoculation (mite or mechanical) on susceptibility of winter wheat cultivars Mace (resistant) and Overland (susceptible). Relative chlorophyll content, WSMV incidence, and yield components were determined. The greatest WSMV infection occurred for Overland, with the early fall inoculations resulting in …
Analytical Performance Of A Low‐Cost Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Assay For Use In Sub‐Saharan Africa, Kandali Samwel, Crispin Kahesa, Julius Mwaiselage, Daniela Gonzalez, John T. West, Charles Wood, Joel Palefsky, Peter C. Angeletti
Analytical Performance Of A Low‐Cost Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Assay For Use In Sub‐Saharan Africa, Kandali Samwel, Crispin Kahesa, Julius Mwaiselage, Daniela Gonzalez, John T. West, Charles Wood, Joel Palefsky, Peter C. Angeletti
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We have tested a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assay to fill the need for rapid and low‐cost HPV detection in Sub‐ Saharan Africa. This method allows high throughput genotyping and simultaneous detection of 14 high‐risk and two low‐risk HPV types, by PCR amplification of HPV DNAs in a single reaction tube. In this study, we describe stepwise experiments to validate the multiplex HPV PCR assay for determination of HPV genotypes from 104 cervical brush samples from Tanzanian women. Assay performance was evaluated by determination of intra‐laboratory reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity. Further performance was assessed by …
Rna-Seq Of Kaposi's Sarcoma Reveals Alterations In Glucose And Lipid Metabolism, For Yue Tso, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Salum J. Lidenge, Owen Ngalamika, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Jayamanna Wickramasinghe, Eun Hee Kwon, John T. West, Paul M. Lieberman, Charles Wood
Rna-Seq Of Kaposi's Sarcoma Reveals Alterations In Glucose And Lipid Metabolism, For Yue Tso, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Salum J. Lidenge, Owen Ngalamika, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Jayamanna Wickramasinghe, Eun Hee Kwon, John T. West, Paul M. Lieberman, Charles Wood
School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). It is endemic in a number of sub-Saharan African countries with infection rate of >50%. The high prevalence of HIV-1 coupled with late presentation of advanced cancer staging make KS the leading cancer in the region with poor prognosis and high mortality. Disease markers and cellular functions associated with KS tumorigenesis remain ill-defined. Several studies have attempted to investigate changes of the gene profile with in vitro infection of monoculture models, which are not likely to reflect the cellular complexity of the in vivo lesion environment. Our approach …
Xanthagaricus Pakistanicus Sp. Nov. (Agaricaceae): First Report Of The Genus From Pakistan, Shah Hussain, Najam-Ul-Sahar Afshan, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Khalid
Xanthagaricus Pakistanicus Sp. Nov. (Agaricaceae): First Report Of The Genus From Pakistan, Shah Hussain, Najam-Ul-Sahar Afshan, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Khalid
Turkish Journal of Botany
Xanthagaricus pakistanicus is described as a new species from lowland northern Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data. It is characterized by a yellowish pileus, covered with dark brown squamules, a stipe with yellowish fibrils, globose basidiospores, and pileal squamules made up of pseudoparenchymatous epithelium with encrusted walls. Molecular phylogenetic trees were inferred based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA. In phylogenetic analyses the genus Hymenagaricus sensu lato (s. l.) was inferred as a nonmonophyletic group and recovered in two monophyletic clades, consisting of species of the genera Xanthagaricus and Hymenagaricus …
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Extruded Aquafeed Pellets Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae And Adult Cricket (Acheta Domesticus) Meals, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, N. Kibet, C. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Extruded Aquafeed Pellets Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae And Adult Cricket (Acheta Domesticus) Meals, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, N. Kibet, C. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Fish farming is faced with the challenge of high cost of feeds because of the cost of high quality protein needed for formulation of the feeds. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative protein sources. The effects of substituting freshwater shrimp meal (FWSM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) or adult cricket meal (ACM) on physico-chemical properties of hot-extruded fish feed pellets were investigated. The FWSM protein in a 26 g/100 g protein fish feed formulation was substituted at 0, 25, 50 and 75%, and moisture content of the formulated blends adjusted to 10, 20 or 30 g/100 g …
Proximate Composition And In Vitro Protein Digestibility Of Extruded Aquafeeds Containing Acheta Domesticus And Hermetia Illucens Fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe
Proximate Composition And In Vitro Protein Digestibility Of Extruded Aquafeeds Containing Acheta Domesticus And Hermetia Illucens Fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Major protein sources for feed manufacture have become costly, and this has led to increased cost of products such as aquafeeds. This has dampening effect on fish production especially in developing countries, and has necessitated a search for alternative protein sources in processed feeds. The effects of extrusion on aquafeed blends containing fractions of adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meal (ACM) or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal (BSFM) on proximate composition and in vitro protein digestibility were investigated. Extrusion resulted in higher contents of protein and nitrogen free extract, and lower contents of ether extract and crude fibre as …
Waste Not, Want Not: Using Source-Separated Urine To Cultivate Maize In The Southern Highlands, Tanzania, Lucy Hatfield
Waste Not, Want Not: Using Source-Separated Urine To Cultivate Maize In The Southern Highlands, Tanzania, Lucy Hatfield
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
In Sub-Saharan African countries, soil fertility is low due to unsustainable agricultural practices and little to no access to chemical fertilizer. Poor yields have resulted in many of these countries struggling to produce enough food to feed their growing populations. Human urine has been used as an effective, low-cost alternative to chemical fertilizers in greenhouse and plot trials on a variety of vegetables, but its effects on elemental grain composition in cereal crops are largely unknown. Here we tested whether diluted human urine applied as a fertilizer can increase maize crop growth, yield and nutritional content on small family-owned plots. …
Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Diversity And Abundance Of Nesting Birds In An Urban Landscape: The Case Of Mwalimu Nyerere Campus Thickets, University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Shirima, Chacha Werema
Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Diversity And Abundance Of Nesting Birds In An Urban Landscape: The Case Of Mwalimu Nyerere Campus Thickets, University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Shirima, Chacha Werema
Tanzania Journal of Science
Little is known of the nesting bird species in most of urban areas of East Africa. An investigation was made of the occurrence of breeding bird species in the fragmented thickets found in the Mwalimu Nyerere Campus of the University of Dar es Salaam, in the City of Dar es Salaam. The study examined how habitat fragmentation affects nesting bird species richness and diversity in the thickets. Systematic physical nest searches of breeding birds were conducted in the fragmented thickets. Searches were conducted in transects and they included inspecting vegetation, bare ground, cavities, stream (river) banks and other suitable nesting …
Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete
Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete
Tanzania Journal of Science
The sisal industry in Tanzania generates large amounts of waste which is an un-tapped bioresource. Research was undertaken to establish appropriate technologies for its valorisation to mushrooms, biogas and biogas manure (BGM).Physical and biological pre-treatments achieved methane yield increments of 23-30% whereas co-digestion with fish waste achieved methane yield increments of 59-94%. Sisal fibre waste was demonstrated to be a novel biofilm-carrier for treating sisal pulp leachate. With a loading rate of 9.0 kgVS/m3/day, the packed-bed bioreactor was operated without process stress. Sisal decortication waste (SLDW) and sisal boles (SBW) were found to be suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation. With …
Ecological Carrying Capacity Of Saanane Island Proposed National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo, G Sangu
Ecological Carrying Capacity Of Saanane Island Proposed National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo, G Sangu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The study on ecological carrying capacity of Saanane Island aimed at assessing stocking capacity of the island to provide guidance to the introduction of animals to enhance its ecological value and tourism potential. To evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of the Island, wet and dry season data were collected in 2014 for woody, herbaceous and grass species using PCQ and quadrat methods Wet and dry weights biomass of the forage material was measured to determine dry matter content and are presented as dry weight biomass. Total productivity was 4,280 kg/ha dry weight in wet season which increased to 7,965 kg/ha …
Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu
Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Most small scale level wind turbine generators are directly driven system, variable speed, and partially connected power electronic converter system. Choice of such system is to avoid costs associated with gearbox. However, due to low wind speed in most of the tropical countries, synchronous generators with smaller or medium speed Permanent Magnet (PM) generator design found to be important and given high performance efficiency. In order to be able to harvest wind energy in off-grid population efficiently, there was a need to design a synchronous generator that can be able to operate under low wind speed, directly connected to the …
Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Boletus Bicolor, A Basidiomycetes Mushroom Indigenous To Tanzania, Donatha Tibuhwa
Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Boletus Bicolor, A Basidiomycetes Mushroom Indigenous To Tanzania, Donatha Tibuhwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Boletus bicolor commonly known as coloured bolete is a basidiomyctes mushroom species widely used as a delicacy and its extract has been used traditionally to treat several human ailments in Tanzania. This study evaluates its extracts in order to provide a scientific foundation on the possible application in folk medicine system based on the biochemical evaluation. Standard microbes Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were used to test, the antifungal and antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity test was also done on the extracts using brine shrimp test. Besides, the extracts were also used to investigate for antioxidant activity using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). …
A Comparative Study Of Species Diversity Of Migrant Birds Between Protected And Unprotected Areas Of The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, As Ringim, Fj Magige, Rm Jasson
A Comparative Study Of Species Diversity Of Migrant Birds Between Protected And Unprotected Areas Of The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, As Ringim, Fj Magige, Rm Jasson
Tanzania Journal of Science
Among the most complex and fascinating behaviour in birds is their long, non-stop migration. Despite Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands (Ramsar site) being an important wintering ground for migratory birds, little is known about the diversity while density is completely lacking. This study assessed the status of migratory birds in the wetland’s Protected Areas (PAs) and Unprotected Areas (UPAs). A total of 99 census points spaced 400 m apart with radius of 100 m were surveyed from 14 wetlands (48 point count stations in the PAs and 51 in the UPAs). A total of 54 migrant bird species belonging to 13 orders and …
Conservation Efforts Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis: Its Discovery, Captive Breeding, Extinction In The Wild And Re-Introduction, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Ezekiel Goboro, Wilirk Ngalason, Severinus Mutagwaba, Ichard Ugomba, Mohammed Nassoro, Emmanuel Nkombe
Conservation Efforts Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis: Its Discovery, Captive Breeding, Extinction In The Wild And Re-Introduction, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Ezekiel Goboro, Wilirk Ngalason, Severinus Mutagwaba, Ichard Ugomba, Mohammed Nassoro, Emmanuel Nkombe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Species conservation depends on the initiatives to restore or retain and sustainably use the environment in which the species live. This paper highlights how development projects can affect biodiversity conservation and the challenges in achieving sustainable development. The paper discusses a case study of the Kihansi Spray Toad (KST) (Nectophrynoides asperginis) from its discovery, extinction in the wild, captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction to its native habitat; focusing on events, challenges, approaches in addressing issues, future prospects and achievements in the conservation of this endemic species. There has been considerable success in KST husbandry in captivity and reintroduction trials of …
Effect Of Natural Blue-Green Algal Cells Lysis On Freshwater Quality, Kessy Kilulya, Titus Msagati, Bhekie Mamba
Effect Of Natural Blue-Green Algal Cells Lysis On Freshwater Quality, Kessy Kilulya, Titus Msagati, Bhekie Mamba
Tanzania Journal of Science
Blue-green algae grow in freshwater bodies when they are provided with suitable factors such as nutrients and appropriate weather conditions. Their cell lysis occurs naturally when they encounter unfavourable conditions. This study reports on the types and amounts of fatty acids added into freshwater due to the algal cell lysis. The investigation on the amount of fatty acids released into water due to algal cells lysis was performed by placing samples in two compartments, one with no light allowing the algae cells to die while the other compartment was kept in favourable conditions enough to sustain the life of algae. …
Progression Magazine, 2017 Winter, Coastal Carolina University
Progression Magazine, 2017 Winter, Coastal Carolina University
Progression Magazine
Magazine of the College of Science at Coastal Carolina University.
Bacteria Mitigation In Sponge Mariculture, Jambiani Zanzibar, Claire Johnston
Bacteria Mitigation In Sponge Mariculture, Jambiani Zanzibar, Claire Johnston
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The declining seaweed industry coupled with efforts by the NGO Marine Cultures have led to the establishment of sponge mariculture in Jambiani, Zanzibar. However, growing cyanobacteria levels have substantially increased sponge mortality rates. In order to determine successful cyanobacteria mitigation treatments, six populations of farm ropes, support lines, and sponges were (a) untreated, (b) manually cleaned or submerged in solutions of (c) 2% hydrogen peroxide, (d) 4% hydrogen peroxide, (e) 50 g/L salt, or (f) 70 g/L salt. No conclusions were drawn from rope treatments, no techniques were effective for support line treatments, and both concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were …
Strategies For Environmental Education For Youths And Adults, Chumbe Island Coral Park, Zanzibar, Samantha Pfeffer
Strategies For Environmental Education For Youths And Adults, Chumbe Island Coral Park, Zanzibar, Samantha Pfeffer
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Chumbe Island Coral Park (CHICOP) is a privately-owned business that strives to follow the best principles of ecotourism, conservation, and environmental education. Their environmental education initiative is award-winning and has affected thousands of students and community members in Zanzibar. This study looked at the environmental education techniques that CHICOP already has in place by observing two pre-visits, three island-visits and one-post visit, and determined where there was a need for enhanced and new techniques for teaching about the environment. Evidence of climate change on Chumbe Island was also recorded to aid in the educational tools and to create a database …
Animals And Their Epibiota As Net Autotrophs: Size Scaling Of Epibiotic Metabolism On Snail Shells, Nicole Lukens, Benjamin Kraemer, Vanessa Constant, Ellen J. Hamann, Ellinor Michel, Anne M. Socci, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Peter B. Mcintyre
Animals And Their Epibiota As Net Autotrophs: Size Scaling Of Epibiotic Metabolism On Snail Shells, Nicole Lukens, Benjamin Kraemer, Vanessa Constant, Ellen J. Hamann, Ellinor Michel, Anne M. Socci, Yvonne Vadeboncoeur, Peter B. Mcintyre
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Animals are heterotrophic by definition, but species from many taxonomic groups are hosts to epibiota that may alter their net metabolism. We tested the degree to which snail-shell epibiota can generate net ecosystem productivity for snails and their epibiota (snail–epibiota ecosystems; SEEs) after accounting for snail respiration. We focused on 3 species from the Lavigeria snail assemblage in Africa’s Lake Tanganyika and quantified the scaling of SEE metabolism with shell size under light and dark conditions. The metabolism of snails and their epibiota shifted significantly across the size gradient. SEEs of large snails (>20 mm) were consistently autotrophic during …
Evaluation Of Onion (Allium Cepa) Germplasm Entries For Resistance To Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Lindeman) In Tanzania, Gabriel Michael Njau, Agnes M.S. Nyomora, Fekadu Fufa Dinssa, Jian Cheng Chang, P. Malini, S. Subramanian, R. Srinivasan
Evaluation Of Onion (Allium Cepa) Germplasm Entries For Resistance To Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Lindeman) In Tanzania, Gabriel Michael Njau, Agnes M.S. Nyomora, Fekadu Fufa Dinssa, Jian Cheng Chang, P. Malini, S. Subramanian, R. Srinivasan
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), is a prominent species infesting onion and tomato in the northern highlands of Tanzania. It causes considerable leaf damage by direct feeding and also transmits the Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). Hence, one of the objectives of this study was to identify the most resistant onion entries against T. tabaci. One highly resistant (VI038552) and two resistant onion entries (VI038512 and AVON 1067) were identified against T. tabaci. Besides thrips resistance, the bulb size of VI038512 was also equivalent to one of the commercial varieties, Texas. The highly resistant VI038552 recorded the highest yield, followed …
Utilization And Accessibility Of Securinega Virosa For Medical Use In Morogoro Municipality, Sasha Friedrich
Utilization And Accessibility Of Securinega Virosa For Medical Use In Morogoro Municipality, Sasha Friedrich
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Approximately 80% of rural communities in Tanzania utilize the services of traditional healers. This is largely because modern medicine is often expensive, inaccessible, or has undesirable side effects. This study investigates use of traditional medicine in Morogoro Urban district where people do have access to hospitals. In particular, this study aims to assess the utilization and accessibility the plant species Securinega virosa for medicinal use by identifying and interviewing the actors involved in the supply chain from harvester to consumer. I conducted semi-structured interviews with eight traditional healers and one herbal medicine shopkeeper. I expected harvesters to express a decline …
47th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council,
47th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council,
Student Research Conference Select Presentations
See document below for project abstracts
Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using A Dynamic Cone Penetrometer In Low Income Areas In Mzuzu City, Malawi., Charles F.C. Chirwa, Ralph P. Hall, Leigh Anne H. Krometis, Eric A. Vance, Adam Edwards, Ting Guan, Rochelle H. Holm
Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using A Dynamic Cone Penetrometer In Low Income Areas In Mzuzu City, Malawi., Charles F.C. Chirwa, Ralph P. Hall, Leigh Anne H. Krometis, Eric A. Vance, Adam Edwards, Ting Guan, Rochelle H. Holm
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
Pit latrines can provide improved household sanitation, but without effective and inexpensive emptying options, they are often abandoned once full and may pose a public health threat. Emptying techniques can be difficult, as the sludge contents of each pit latrine are different. The design of effective emptying techniques (e.g., pumps) is limited by a lack of data characterizing typical in situ latrine sludge resistance. This investigation aimed to better understand the community education and technical engineering needs necessary to improve pit latrine management. In low income areas within Mzuzu city, Malawi, 300 pit latrines from three distinct areas were assessed …
2017 Abstracts Student Research Conference, Student Research Conference
2017 Abstracts Student Research Conference, Student Research Conference
Student Research Conference Select Presentations
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Temperature On Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease Development In Winter Wheat, Everlyne N. Wosula, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Stephen N. Wegulo, Gary L. Hein
Effect Of Temperature On Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease Development In Winter Wheat, Everlyne N. Wosula, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Stephen N. Wegulo, Gary L. Hein
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Temperature is one of the key factors that influence viral disease development in plants. In this study, temperature effect on Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) replication and in planta movement was determined using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged virus in two winter wheat cultivars. Virus-inoculated plants were first incubated at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 21 days, followed by 27°C for 14 days; and, in a second experiment, virus-inoculated plants were initially incubated at 27°C for 3 days, followed by 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 21 days. In the first experiment, WSMV-GFP in susceptible ‘Tomahawk’ wheat at 10°C …
Can Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Itself?, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. Van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin Van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, Hugo De Groot, Keith Wiebe, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Haishun Yang, Hendrik Boogard, Pepijn A. J. Van Oort, Marloes P. Van Loon, Kazuki Saito, Ochieng Adimo, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Alhassane Agali, Abdullahi Bala, Regis Chikowo, Kayuki Kaizzi, Mamoutou Kouressy, Joachim H. J. R. Makoi, Korodjouma Ouattara, Kindie Tesfaye, Kenneth G. Cassman
Can Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Itself?, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. Van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin Van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, Hugo De Groot, Keith Wiebe, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Haishun Yang, Hendrik Boogard, Pepijn A. J. Van Oort, Marloes P. Van Loon, Kazuki Saito, Ochieng Adimo, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Alhassane Agali, Abdullahi Bala, Regis Chikowo, Kayuki Kaizzi, Mamoutou Kouressy, Joachim H. J. R. Makoi, Korodjouma Ouattara, Kindie Tesfaye, Kenneth G. Cassman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Although global food demand is expected to increase 60% by 2050 compared with 2005/2007, the rise will be much greater in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). Indeed, SSA is the region at greatest food security risk because by 2050 its population will increase 2.5-fold and demand for cereals approximately triple, whereas current levels of cereal consumption already depend on substantial imports. At issue is whether SSA can meet this vast increase in cereal demand without greater reliance on cereal imports or major expansion of agricultural area and associated biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies indicate that the global increase …
Ex-Post Livestock Diseases, And Pastoralists' Averting Decisions In Tanzania, Mazbahul Ahamad
Ex-Post Livestock Diseases, And Pastoralists' Averting Decisions In Tanzania, Mazbahul Ahamad
Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Little is known about the factors affecting pastoralists’ livestock vaccination decisions. In this thesis, we use a novel survey-based dataset on pastoralists living in the Ruaha landscape in Tanzania, and employ several econometric approaches to identify the factors affecting pastoralists’ decision-making process about livestock vaccination when disease occurrence and severity, vaccination and healthcare access costs and other related variables are known. Results from binary choice models that account for excess zeros indicate that socially and economically active households are more likely to vaccinate their livestock. The results also identify positive marginal effects of illness incidence and having wage earners and …
Gene Expression Differences In Hybrids At Beginning Of Speciation Continuum, Long A. Nicholas
Gene Expression Differences In Hybrids At Beginning Of Speciation Continuum, Long A. Nicholas
Biology Theses - Archive
The formation of new species results from reproductive isolation, or the barrier to successful mating between organisms of divergent populations. The degree of reproductive isolation can be measured by the reduction in fitness of hybrid offspring that can result from incompatibilities between the genotypes of each parent. In this study, genetic incompatibilities arising at the earliest stage of speciation are examined between intraspecific hybrids in which an effectively sterile hybrid phenotype termed “still†is observed at ~50% frequency in crosses between divergent populations of Tribolium castaneum. Timing and magnitude of gene expression regulation is examined at four stages of development, …
Naturally Occurring Mellein-Type 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarins And Related Lactones: Synthetic Approaches - A Review, Stephen Jm Mdachi
Naturally Occurring Mellein-Type 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarins And Related Lactones: Synthetic Approaches - A Review, Stephen Jm Mdachi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Mellein and its derivatives are the most common 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and are known to exhibit an array of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiallergic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, pheromonal, plant growth-promoting and antileukemic activities. Other mellein derivatives are recognized phytotoxins, neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins and teratogens. Consequently, considerable efforts have been directed at studying these natural products. While most of the reported studies have focused on the isolation, characterization and bioassay studies of melleins, a number of synthetic studies have also been reported. This paper focuses on synthetic approaches towards these biologically active and, thus, potentially useful natural products. The aim …