Digital Commons Network^™

Spatial Learning As An Adaptation In Hummingbirds, Susan Cole, F. Reed Hainsworth, Alan Kamil, Terre Mercier, Larry L. Wolf

Avian Cognition Papers

An ecological approach based on food distribution suggests that hummingbirds should more easily learn to visit a flower in a new location than to learn to return to a flower in a position just visited, for a food reward. Experimental results support this hypothesis as well as the general view that differences in learning within and among species represent adaptations.

The Influence Of Salinity On Larval Development And Population Dynamics Of Anopheles Merus Dönitz (Diptera: Culicidae), F. W. Mosha, C. M. Mutero

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Variations in density of adults of Anopheles merus Dön. in Jimbo Village on the Kenya Coast were found to be correlated both with rainfall and with salinity at their breeding sites. Densities started to increase at the beginning of the rains when several breeding sites were formed. This was followed by a decline in numbers resulting mainly from the decrease in salinity in the semi-permanent breeding sites. A second rise occurred after the end of the rains, corresponding with an increase in salinity in the semi-permanent breeding sites due to evaporation. Peak density coincided with salinities of 30–50% sea water …

Alternative Life-Histories In Protogynous Fishes: A General Evolutionary Theory, Eric Charnov

Biology Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of A Protein Sparing Modified Fast On Insulin And Glucagon Levels, Elizabeth Anne Shirley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 18 obese men and women volunteered and participated in a seven-day protein sparing modified fast providing 400 calories per day. The subjects were concurrently participating in an eight-week weight control program combining the facets of nutrition education, group therapy, and values clarification. The modified fast, which was optional, was conducted during two different time periods with a conventional low calorie diet prescribed during the four-week interval.

The diet formula consisted of a high biological value protein, dried egg white, and either glucose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. The composition of the diets varied as follows: …

Control Of Eating Behavior: An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Serving Less Preferred Foods Prior To The Meal On Preschoolers' Eating, Paul Joseph Smith Knight

Masters Theses

This study investigated the effects of serving less preferred foods (vegetables) prior to the noon meal on: (1) The amount of vegetables eaten. (2) The variety of different vegetables eaten. (3) The number of servings of vegetables requested by the children. A plate containing 10 grams each of six different vegetables was served under one of two conditions: (1) Alone, 10 minutes prior to the main meal. (2) With the main meal for the first 10 minutes. A third condition allowed for the children to request any one of the six vegetables as an addition to their main meal. The …

Social, Spacing, And Cooperative Behavior Of The Collared Peccary, Tayassu Tajacu, John A. Byers, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Social behavior of the collared peccary was studied on the lower, eastern slopes of the Mazatzal Mountains, Arizona. The social unit in this species is a cohesive herd, in which small inter-individual distances are maintained. Two conspicuous acts, one olfactory and one auditory, functioned to maintain close spacing. Social interactions were brief but tended to synchronize the activities of animals and also to bring them closer together. Amicable and neutral actions occurred far more frequently than agonistic interactions. Most agonistic behavior did not involve physical contact. Cooperative nursing, predator defense, and feeding occurred; all adults were tolerant of young, and …

Activity Of Moose And White-Tailed Deer At Mineral Springs, D. Fraser, H. Hristienko

Social Behavior Collection

Activity of moose (Alces alces) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was studied at two natural mineral springs (licks) in Ontario during the springtime and summer of 1977 to 1980. Most adult moose appeared to use a lick during a single 1- to 5-day period in a year; some returned at intervals during the season; and all seemed drawn principally by the mineral-rich water. Some young moose remained in the lick vicinity for 3 weeks or more, and often wandered in and out of the licks, grazing herbage as well as drinking. This suggested a social as well as a nutritional …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 24 Number 1, Fall 1981, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

3- MEDIA AND MASS PSYCHOLOGY A not too gentle probe of the news media today. By Jerome Kroth.

9 - SAINTS, DIAMONDS AND BEARS A thoughtful comparison of education , today and 40 years ago. By William J. Rewak, S.J.

12 - SANTA CLARA POTPOURRI A chance to test your memory of campus features.

14 - THREE FOR ALL SEASONS Examining the interrelationship of three great Christian humanists. By Christiaan T. Lievestro.

18 - WHERE IS LOVE? Defining love in the new Catholic marriage law. By Theodore Mackin, S.J.

23 - TRACKING THE HIGH TECH BOOM The Silicon Valley is …

Radial-Maze Performance In The Rat Following Lesions Of Posterior Neocortex, Melvyn A. Goodale, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

The present experiment was designed to investigate the role of posterior neocortex (areas 17, 18 and 18a) in the maintenance of performance on the radial maze. Following training to criterion on the 8-arm radial maze, rats received either sham operations, bilateral eye enucleations, lesions of posterior neocortex, or combined enucleations and lesions of posterior neocortex. While the enucleated animals with intact brains showed a slight, but significant performance decrement relative to the sham-operated group, the other two groups, with lesions of areas 17, 18 and 18a, each showed a massive deficit. This large deficit was observed even in the group …

Behcet's Syndrome: Case Report And Literature Review, K. V. Venkatasubramaniam, Douglas R. Swinehart

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Behcet's syndrome is a disease commonly found in Japan and in countries around the Mediterranean Sea. In the U.S., it is relatively uncommon. This report describes a 24-year-old Lebanese-American man with Behcet's syndrome who presented with symptoms four months after he developed arthritis and who had been initially diagnosed as having incomplete Reiter's syndrome. A literature review is Included.

Behavioural Budgeting By Wild Coyotes: The Influence Of Food Resources And Social Organization, Marc Bekoff, Michael C. Wells

Ethology Collection

Daytime behavioural budgets of coyotes (Canis latrans) living in the Grand Teton National Park Jackson, Wyoming, were analysed in order to determine how activity patterns ' ere influenced by food resources and social organization. In winter coyotes rested more-and hunted less than in other seasons. Pack-living coyotes rested more and travelled less than resident pairs or solitary resident or transients during winter months when the major food resource was ungulate (predominantly elk, Cervus canadensis) carrion. A mated female living in a pack rested significantly more and travelled significantly less than a mated female living only with her mate (as a …

Remembrance Of Places Lasts: Proactive Inhibition And Patterns Of Choice In Rat Spatial Memory, William A. Roberts, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

A series of experiments was carried out to evaluate the notion that rats given a sequence of massed daily trials on the radial maze reset working memory at the end of each trial by deleting its contents. Although curves presented by D. S. Olton [Scientific American, 1977, 236, 82-98: In S. H. Hulse, H. Fowler, & W. K. Honig (Eds.), Cognitive processes in animal behavior, 1978, Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum] show that rats return to errorless performance at the beginning of each trial after the first, the fact that accuracy falls less rapidly over choices on Trial 1 …

Back Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Henry Ford Hospital: Options And Opportunities In The 1980s, Douglas S. Peters, Bruce W. Steinhauer

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

This presentation by Mr. Peters and Dr. Steinhauer was given before the Henry Ford Hospital Professional Staff at a semi-annual dinner and staff meeting held on Tuesday, May 6, 1980. It offers a timely assessment of the position and prospects of the Hospital as we enter the new decade. On occasion, the journal features nontechnical articles like this presentation that we believe are of general interest to our readers.

The Effect Of A Maternal Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian Diet On The Infants Plasma Cholesterol Concentration, Laura Munson Ball

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A comparison of plasma cholesterol concentrations was made between breast-fed infants having lacto-ovo-vegetarian mothers, breast-fed infants having non-vegetarian mothers and infants fed with commercially prepared formula. At one month of age , the breast-fed infants (n=20) with non-vegetarian mothers comprised the group with the greatest average plasma cholesterol concentration. As expected, the plasma cholesterol of the formula-fed group (n=9) was significantly less, (p

An Observational Study Of Scent-Marking In Coyotes, Canis Latrans, Michael C. Wells, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Urination and defaecation patterns of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) were studied in the Grand Teton National Park, Jackson, Wyoming, for two years. The vast majority of urinations by adult males and females were involved in 'marking,' and differentiating between 'marking' and 'elimination' may not be necessary. Our results may be summarized as follows: 1) Raised-leg urinations (RLU) performed by males were most frequently used in marking. (2) Females marked throughout the year using the squat (SQU) posture. (3) Snow tracking and reading snow sign resulted in a gross underestimate of the relative frequency of SQU's and a large overestimate in …

An Observational Study Of Coyote (Canis Latrans) Scent-Marking And Territoriality In Yellowstone National Park, Joseph J. Allen, Marc Bekoff, Robert L. Crabtree

Ethology Collection

Free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) living in neighboring packs were observed in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, from Jan. to May 1997. Through direct observation, we recorded the location of coyote scent marks and information regarding the identity of the marking animal. Patterns of scent-marking were then analyzed spatially and demographically. All of the evidence from the present study supports a strong relationship between scent-marking and territoriality in these coyotes, and all predictions were met. A preponderance of scent marks was found in the periphery of territories. Most of those marks were raised-leg urinations (RLUs) and forward-lean urinations …

Educating The Dietitian On Nutritional Counseling Principles In Diabetes Mellitus And Their Application For Adolescents With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Use Of A Learning Package, Eileen R. Deleeuw

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Learning Package on nutritional counseling principles in diabetes mellitus with specific application for adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. The Learning Package was designed to be used as continuing education material for the clinical dietitian. It consisted of two audio tapes, 2 1/2 hours in length, recorded by the author and an accompanying handbook or resourcebook. The resourcebook materials were designed to give further details, provide resources and materials for future reference, visually reinforce the audio presentation, summarize information given in the presentation, and give a bibliography of the references cited. …

The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 24-25, 1981 [Program, 93th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

No abstract provided.

Scientific Issues And Regulation Of Primate Use, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Some of the use patterns of nonhuman primates in the USA and Europe are outlined, and a few specific examples of inappropriate and unnecessary use are described. The primate research resources program in the USA is examined, and some suggestions as to how the program could be more responsive to humane and conservation concerns are presented.

Breeding And Use Of Nonhuman Primates In The Usa, Joe R. Held

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Several species of nonhuman primates, each possessing specific characteristics of particular value, are used by the United States biomedical community in various health-related activities. These animals are man's closest relatives and are indispensable in understanding and controlling human health problems. The destruction of primate habitats and embargoes on the export of primates from source countries have decreased the supply of these animals. The inadequate and erratic supply of these resources threatens the continuation of many ongoing and new activities contributing to improving human health. In the U.S., a program has been developed to meet the health needs of primates:

1) …

A Strategy For Dog-Owner Education, Ian Dunbar

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author comments on the large number of animals being euthanized in shelters and suggests that dog owners undertake an education program before acquiring a dog as a pet. The author acknowledges to difficulties involved in such a change and recommends procedures to address them.

The Psychology Of Euthanizing Animals – The Emotional Components, Charles E. Owens, Ricky Davis, Bill Smith

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The emotional effects of euthanizing unwanted animals on professional animal control personnel are examined using written statements and oral discussions of twenty-six euthanasia technicians at a workshop during a national session

of the Animal Control Academy (Tuscaloosa, AL]. Emotional conflicts arise in significant part from the dilemma that the same public responsible for the problem of unwanted animals also has a markedly negative perception of euthanasia,

and by extension, of those who perform euthanasia. During discussions, the euthanasia technicians revealed various strategies for coping with feelings of isolation, alienation, and sorrow. These included intellectualization, avoidance of unnecessary contact with the …

The Case For Revising Our Laws On Animal Experimentation, David L. Markell

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The current laws regarding experimentation on animals should be dramatically revised. These laws permit virtually unrestricted animal experimentation without regard to the benefits obtained from such experiments

and the consequences of such experiments upon the subject animal. Legislation constituting a two-step jump from the current laws is needed. Laws sanctioning and requiring animal experimentation should be repealed. Laws significantly restricting acceptable experimentation should be enacted. The principle underlying this proposal for change is straightforward: Nonhuman animals, like human animals, have interests in the integrity of their

bodies which deserve legal protection. Only by repealing the present laws and enacting new …

Ethical Concerns In Primate Use And Husbandry, Ardith A. Eudey

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

After World War II, a dramatic increase occurred in the utilization of nonhuman primates in biomedical and psychological research and industry. At the same time, field studies on the ecological and social behavior of natural

populations of primates also increased, making possible more realistic assessments of both the behavioral potentiality of primate populations and their conservation status. Despite the growing body of information indicating the endangered or threatened status of most species, many laboratory workers and planning agencies continue to regard primates as renewable resources, even seeking to bypass protective legislation in habitat countries to obtain them. As a consequence, …

Lab Animal Housing: Numbers Or Common Sense?, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The editorial includes comments on the various presentations at an ISAP symposium on laboratory primate husbandry that document the complexity of enriching housing on animal health and well-being.

Biomedical Research And Animal Welfare: Traditional Viewpoints And Future Directions, Franklin M. Loew

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It has been twenty years since C.P. Snow first presented the concept of "The Two Cultures,"; referring to the "culture" of scientists and the "culture" of literary intellectuals (mainly writers), Snow said (1969): "constantly I felt I was moving among two groups- comparable in intelligence, identical in race, not grossly different in social origin, earning about

the same incomes, who had almost ceased to communicate at all, who in intellectual, moral and psychological climate had so little in common." In some ways, "Two Cultures" goes far to characterize the current state of affairs surrounding those whose scientific endeavors involve the …

History Of The Humane Movement And Prospects For The 80s, Robert A. Brown

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It was in 1836 that the oldest humane society currently in existence, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, was founded in London. Many others were formed during the nineteenth century, such as the organization I now represent, which was founded in Chicago in 1899. Above all else, there is one distinguishing feature of this period for me: the movement had what is known in Chicago as clout. In marked contrast to the years following the First World War, humane societies enjoyed support from individuals of wealth, influence, and brains. That was a high point for the …

Regulation Of Biomedical Research, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The idea of abolishing or simplifying government regulations has a large following in Washington. As Reagan and his advisors start to prune the growth of the past twenty years, we must hope that they can distinguish between the healthy growth that provides needed support and the excessive growth that strangles necessary initiatives. However, there is one area where we need more regulation rather than less, namely, biomedical research. In calling for more regulation in biomedical research, the author notes he does not mean the imposition of external controls by allegedly ignorant and insensitive bureaucrats (although he states some outside oversight …

Letter To Editor: Livestock Abuse In Trucks And Sale Yards, Temple Grandin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Grandin adds comments on her observations of livestock abuse occurring in transport trucks and sale yards.