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The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation, Color Mutation And Various Subatmospheric Pressures On The Growth And Patulin Production By Penicillium Expansum And Penicillium Patulum, Karl B. Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To assess the effects of gamma radiation at low doses, spores of Penicillium expansum NRRL 971 and Penicillium patulum NRRL 989 were exposed to doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 krads. The amount of patulin for each culture was quantitatively determined and growth at each dose was evaluated. The results showed a 31% increase in the amount of patulin synthesis after a dose of 150 krads for Penicillium expansum. At 200 krads, both fungi showed low levels of patulin production and inhibited growth.

Eight color mutants of P. expansum and eight color mutants of P. patulum were produced …

Anthocyanins Of Fresh And Stored Freeze-Dried Sour Cherries In Compressed Form, Suwan Potewiratananond

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Anthocyanin pigments of sour cherry (prunus cerasus L., cultivar Montmorency) fruit were studied by spectrophotometry, paper and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and disc electrophoretic method. Mature and wholesome fresh sour cherries and freeze-dried compressed sour cherries stored at 70 F and 100 F for 6 months were used.

A total of seven anthocyanin pigments were observed in both paper and thin layer chromatograms of the fresh and freeze-dried compressed samples stored for O month whereas the freeze-dried compressed samples stored at 70 F and 100 F for 6 months showed the retention of three to six pigments. All of …

Breeding Ecology Of The Ferruginous Hawk In Northern Utah And Southern Idaho, Richard P. Howard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-three and 54 Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) pairs were found occupying territories in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho during 1972 and 1973, respectively. Of these 38 and 27 nesting pairs laid eggs. Nesting success was 77.1 percent in 1972 and 74.6 percent in 1973. for successful nests, an average of 2.9 and 2.6 young hatched and 2.7 and 2.3 young fledged during the respective years. This population is reproductively comparable to others in Utah and Colorado. Analysis of prey items collected from the nests indicated that black-tailed jack-rabbits (Lepus californicus) constitute 86 percent of the biomass …

The Influence Of Climate On Biomass And Mineralomass Of A Crested Wheatgrass Community In Northern Utah, Randall S. Shinn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Aboveground biomass, litter biomass and root biomass of a crested wheatrgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch.] Schult.) dominated community were inventoried in the fall of 1971, 1972, and 1973. In addition, energy, nitrogen, fats and ash determinations were made on the materials collected in 1972 and 1973.

The sampling methods used generated data sufficiently precise to detect significant differences (α = .10) among biomass components among years. The chemical contents of the components were similar in the fall of 1972 and the fall of 1973 despite the large differences in growing season precipitation.

A simple linear regression formula was generated from …

Experimental Avian Botulism Studies On Sewage Oxidation Ponds In Utah, Daniel W. Moulton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to field-test the "microenvironment concept" of avian botulism epizootiology. The "microenvironment concept" hypothesizes that aquatic invertebrate carcasses may serve both as a substrate for toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type C in nature and as a vehicle for toxin transmission to waterbirds. This concept has become the generally accepted, but inadequately tested, working hypothesis of type C botulism epizootiology.

This study attempted to experimentally induce type C botulism in sentinel flocks of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and American coots (Fulica americana) on sewage oxidation ponds in northern Utah. The three …

Economics Of Land Use Planning: A Case Study Of Annexation In Heber Valley, Utah, Lyle C. Summers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Some theories and methodologies applicable to land use planning problems were reviewed along with the history of land use and land use legislation in the United States and Utah. This review served to point out that federal land use policy is moving away from the incentive approach to controlling land use and toward a more mandatory approach aimed at giving increased emphasis to environmental quality and less to economic efficiency.

A model for conceptualizing and analyzing annexation problems was developed and applied to a problem in Heber City, Wasatch County, Utah. The analysis demonstrated that annexation is feasible by showing …

Determining A Crop Production Function For Corn As Influenced By Irrigation And Salinity Levels, Timothy E. Sullivan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Production functions were generated for dry matter and grain yields of corn, A continuous variable plot design replicated four times was established in the spring of 1974 in Vernal, Utah. Each replication included ten salt treatments and twenty irrigation levels. The salt treatments resulted in an average root zone salinity ranging from 2 . 7 to 14.9 mmhos/cm. Irrigation levels ranged from 4.2 to 45.0cm of water applied. Dry matter (Kg/ha) yield showed an 83 percent reduction over the range of salt applied and a 52 percent reduction over the range of water applied. Grain yield declined 96 and 64 …

Nutritional Quality And Herbage Production Of Intermediate Wheatgrass (Agropyron Intermedium [Host] Beauv.) When Infested With Black Grass Bugs (Labops Hesperius Uhler), Alan M. Gray

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two intermediate wheatgrass seedings with different levels of grass bug infestation were evaluated for herbage production, seedhead production, percent dry matter, crude protein, and cell contents. Study sites were located at different elevations on mountain summer ranges in northern (Site I) and central (Site II) Utah. Study plots at Site I and Site II were infested with 113 and 210 bugs per sweep, respectively. Herbage production appeared to be reduced in early spring on the site with the higher infestation; however, no effect on season-long herbage production could be detected on either site. Seedhead production on infested plots was reduced …

Factors Influencing Germination And Seedling Survival Of Several Varieties Of Astragalus Lentiginosus Dougl., Paul Ziemkiewicz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Astragalus lentiginosus, which consists of 36 varieties, is one of the principal locoweeds of western North America. The objectives of this study included identification of some of the major factors affecting germination of the seed and survival of the newly established seedlings for several of these varieties.

The seeds of the varieties studied exhibited two mechanisms for dormancy. One is a seed coat that is impermeable to water, and the other is a water-leachable inhibitor. The presence or absence of low-intensity incandescent light (in 14-hour day lengths) had no effect on germination. Of three temperature regimes studied, the regime …

Exploratory Sensitivity Analysis Of A Stream Ecosystem Model, Joseph H. Wlosinski

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The framework of a stream ecosystem simulation model is described. Using this framework and data from two different geographical areas, a cold desert stream and a generalized mountain stream, exploratory sensitivity analysis was performed on the model. This was accomplished by qualitatively comparing outputs of a series of simulations in which a different level of a driving variable was used in each simulation. Based on these results, recommendations are made for improving the structure of the model.

Gas Exchange And Water Relations Of Two Alpine And Two Arctic Tundra Plant Species, Douglas Allan Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although water stress is an important selective force in many environments, it is not commonly considered to be of particular importance in tundra areas. Even though large portions of tundra may have an abundance of water, other more exposed areas may become quite dry. This microsite variability with respect to moisture stress was reflected in soil water potential measurements obtained from an alpine tundra area on Niwot Ridge in Colorado. Even though soil water potentials were consistently above -5 bars in a relatively low lying Deschampsia meadow, soil water potentials from an exposed fellfield area were often as low as …

The Effect Of Environment And Cultural Practices On The Cold Hardiness Of Peach Wood, Larry A. Sagers

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies were conducted to better understand the effect of temperature, photoperiod, cultural practices, and growth regulators on the hardening and dehardening of peach tree wood.

Greenhouses were constructed to control temperatures to which peach trees were exposed. It was noted that hardening and dehardening usually followed the temperature fluctuation fairly closely. However, trees exposed to temperatures above 60 F (15.6 C) became hardy to 0 F (-17.8 C).

A photoperiodic response in regard to an increase or decrease in hardiness was not definitely observed in peach wood. Extended photoperiod did not produce any significant effect on hardiness. Defoliation, bloom date, …

In Situ Nitrogen Fixation In Cold Desert Soil-Algae Crust In Northern Utah, Darwin Levoy Sorensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen fixation, as measured by the acetylene-ethylene assay, in the surface soils of southern Curlew Valley, Utah-Idaho was studied. The removal of nitrogen from the surface soil by precipitation runoff water was also studied, and the role of the soil-algae crust in preventing erosive loss of nitrogen was evaluated.

Nitrogen fixation during the study year was estimated to be less than 10 kg/ha. This level is probably sufficient to maintain steady-state on an annual basis in standing crop nitrogen in this environment.

Well structured, lichenous crusts had improved infiltration of precipitation and lowered erosive loss of nitrogen. Poorly structured and …

Structure Of Songs And Organization Of Singing In Fox Sparrows Breeding In Northern Utah And Southern Idaho, Dennis John Martin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Structure of songs and organization of singing in 133 Fox Sparrows Passerella iliaca were studied during 2 breeding seasons in 3 geographically separate populations in northern Utah and southern Idaho. The structure of songs was analyzed with the aid of an audiospectrograph. The organization of the singing of songs in 56 birds was analyzed by applying Markov chain analyses to the sequences of songs uttered.

Songs were composed of syllable-types, of which 49 were recognized. Syllable-types could occur singly or be serially repeated within songs, but they were never fractured so that only a portion of one would be in …

Relationship Of Circulating Eosinophils, Other Blood Cellular Components And Plasma Corticoids In Dairy Cattle Subjected To Nutritional Stress, Eugene W. Wisniewski

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-six first lactation dairy cattle were sampled biweekly for four months to determine the effect of five levels of nutrition on blood plasma corticoids, total and differential leucocytes, hemoglobin and packed cell volume. Cows completing their 305 day lactation during the four month sampling interval were removed from the experimental herd, but were sampled twice more.

It was hypothesized that cows on rations below NRC requirements for milk production would demonstrate stress symptoms of elevated plasma corticoids, elevated white blood count, neutrophilia and eosinopenia. It was also hypothesized that measuring the decrease in eosinophils would be a better method of …

Hunter Access To Private Lands And Attitudes Of Utah Landholders Toward Hunting, James R. Kitts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Immediately following the 1971 upland game season a questionnaire booklet was mailed to 2076 Utah farmers and ranchers (landholders) in five southern and six northern counties. Approximately 50 percent were returned containing usable Information.

Five categories of hunter access restriction were considered: 1) fee systems, 2) leases to private clubs, 3) pheasant hunting units, 4) posting ''Hunting by Permission Only," and 5) posting "No Hunting" or "No Trespassing. " Restriction of hunter access to private property occurred twice as frequently in northern counties as in southern counties. Nearly six of every ten northern landholders had an active hunter restriction program. …

Regulation Of Rabbit Testicular Capsular Motility: The Interaction Of Prostaglandins, Acetylcholine And Sympathomimetic Agents, James L. Hargrove

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The regulation of the contractility and intratesticular pressure of rabbit testes was studied. The effects of, and interactions among, prostaglandins (PGs) E₁ and F_2α testosterone, acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine were ascertained both in vitro and in vivo. All of these compounds, except for high concentrations of PGE₁ and testosterone, stimulated the testicular capsule to contract. PGE₁ at low concentrations potentiated the contractions produced by epinephrine and acetylcholine. Above 10^-7M, PGE₁ inhibited contractions caused by PGF_2α epinephrine or acetylcholine. Testosterone inhibited contractions caused by PGF_2α in vitro.

Preinjections of rabbits …

Monoamine Oxidase As A Target Enzyme In Pineal And Testicular Tissue: Adrenal Cortical Steroids And Arginine Vasotocin, Randall James Merrill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the research was twofold: (a) To ascertain what effects the adrenal glucocorticoids and catecholamines have on pineal N-acetyltransferase and monoamine oxidase activity, and (b) to observe what effect arginine vasotocin (a pineal polypeptide) has on testicular monoamine oxidase activity.

Rat pineal N-acetyltransferase activity was numerically increased when rats were injected with cortisol. It was increased significantly when the animals were injected with cortisol plus norepinephrine. Adrenal demedullation significantly increased N-acetyltransferase activity in starved rats when compared with intact control animals. Moreover, bovine pineal monoamine oxidase activity was markedly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when incubated in vitro …

Factors Relating To Diapause In The Alfalfa Weevil Parasite Bathyplectes Curculionis (Thomson), David S. Parrish

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biological and ecological factors regulating diapause in the ichneumonid parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), were studied. In most experiments, both parasites and weevil larvae were maintained in the environmental conditions under study from the emergence of the adult parasite until the evaluation of results.

The factors either preventing or inducing diapause in B. curculionis were found to be an interaction of environmental factors. A long scotophase with cool temperatures prevented diapause. The percentage of nondiapausing parasites increased as the scotophase was increased to 15 hours. Over 15 hours of scotophase, fewer nondiapausing parasites were produced. The optimum …

An Analysis Of Sound Communication In The Water Vole, Microtus Richardsoni (Rodentia: Microtinae), Dane R. Tang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Adult members of the species Microtus richardsoni were used to study the importance of acoustic communication in these voles. Tests were run with single individuals and nonbreeding pairs of voles to obtain recordings and sonagraphs of sounds emitted during exploration of a new cage, agonistic encounters, encounters with a potential predator and in response to miscellaneous aversive stimuli. Of the four groups of tests conducted, sounds were used by M. richardsoni during the last three. The results of this study showed that the water vole emitted ten different call types or sounds. These sounds were separated by similarity into Group …

Carbon, Nitrogen And Algal Biomass In Cold Desert Soil Crusts, Mary Cleave Vogelsberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The algal biomass, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and percent soil moisture of soil crusts for a ten month period are presented for the Curlew Valley region of northern Utah. The estimates establish a significant relationship among these parameters.

A method involving chlorophyll extraction to determine the biomass of soil algae has been developed, and from this method the following conclusions are suggested: the revegetation of soil surfaces by algal crusts after lethal treatment, without physical disruption, appears to be rapid; there is no apparent relationship between the amount of algal biomass and the type of vascular vegetation present.

The Reproductive Cycle Of Male Uinta Ground Squirrels And Its Relationship To Pineal N-Acetyltransferase And Monoamine Oxidase In The Testes, Hypothalamus And Pituitary, Robert Alexander Palmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was made of the reproductive cycle of male Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) during the activity seasons of 1973 and 1974 and during the aestivation/hibernation (A/H) period of 1973-1974. Physiological data collected were compared to changes in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity of the testes, pituitary and hypothalamus and to pineal N-acetyltransferase activity.

Male Uinta ground squirrels began emerging from their burrows on April 12, 1973, and April 8, 1974, with average body weights of 302 g and 301 g, respectively. Body weight did not increase greatly during breeding, but rose rapidly to over a 500 g …

A Fine-Structural Study Of Aberrant Meiotic Cytokinesis In An Autosomal Male Sterile Mutant (Ms(2)3r) Of Drosophila Melonogaster, Laura J. Laughran

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ultrastructure of abnormal meiotic cytokinesis in an autosomal male sterile mutant of Drosophila melanogaster is described. In the mutant ms(2)3R mitotic cytokinesis proceeds normally, but abnormal meiotic divisions give rise to four spermatids developing in one cytoplasmic mass. The contractile ring which is responsible for cell constriction during cytokinesis appears to form and function normally during meiosis. Ring canals which form intercellular bridges between synchronously developing spermatids are also apparently normal. However, there is an apparent adhesion and subsequent disintegration of the furrow membranes after division is completed. In addition to double membrane fragments in areas of open …

Detection Of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Virus (Ncdv) And Human Infant Reolike Diarrhea Virus, Martin Wyatt Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnostic test and conduct a survey for the neonatal calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) and human infant reolike diarrhea virus. Two immunologic methods were developed in this investigation.

Immune electron microscopy (IEM) and the fluorescent viral precipitin test (FVPT) are the methods used to detect NCDV and the human virus. Both methods are based upon the principle that viral aggregates form when the virus is reacted with anti-NCDV antibody. Aggregates in the IEM method are negatively stained and observed with the use of an electron microscope. Fluorescein labeled antibody is used in …

Nitrogen Fixation In Arid Western Soils, Robert Charles Rychert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae-lichen crusts from South Curlew Valley, Utah, in the Great Basin Desert, was studied using the acetylene reduction technique. A molar ratio of 3 moles C₂H₄ produced/mole of N₂ fixed was used to estimate nitrogen (N₂) fixation by acetylene reduction. Nostoc was found to be present in many of the lichen thalli examined microscopically. Crust nitrogen fixation decreased rapidly below -1/3 bar pressure (water potential) which indicated that nitrogen fixation occurs only when the crust is wet. This would suggest that most of the crust nitrogen fixation in the Great …

Plant Light Responses Under Snow, Steven G. Richardson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several montane plant species and one alpine species were observed to grow under snow, and the seeds of 19 species germinated under snow. The spectral irradiance of light penetrating up to 198 cm of snow was measured with a device employing a photomultiplier tube and a series of interference filters. In deep snow, the measured peak in transmission was near 500 nm, but in older, more shallow snow the peak was at 550 nm. On two occasions measurements were made both before and after sunrise. There was a shift in the spectra toward the longer wavelengths as the sun rose …

A New Subspecies Of Geomys Bursarius (Mammalia: Geomyidae) From Texas And New Mexico, Robert J. Baker, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

As part of a study of the systematics and ecology of pocket gophers occurring on the high plains of Texas and eastern New Mexico, numerous populations of the plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius, were examined karyotypically. Four chromosomal races were described from this area by Baker et al. (1973). Additional studies lead us to believe that two of these races represent an undescribed subspecies of the plains pocket gopher. In addition to karyological evidence, specimens of this subspecies are morphologically distinct from those of all contiguous populations of Geomys bursarius major, the race to which they previously were assigned. …

Abstracts Of Papers Scheduled For Presentation At The 87th Session Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, April 19, 1975, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

No abstract provided.

The 87th Session Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, April 17-19, 1975, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

No abstract provided.

Close Coupling Test Of Classical And Semiclassical Cross Sections For Rotationally Inelastic Ar-N2 Collisions, Russell T. Pack

Faculty Publications

Accurate quantum mechanical close coupling (CC) integral cross sections are reported for rotationally inelastic Ar-N2 collisions at room temperature using an empirical intermolecular potential. These cross sections are used to test the infinite order sudden (IOS) approximation and the results of several methods [classical trajectories (CT), full sudden (SA), generalized phase shift (GPS), and classical limit generalized phase shift (CGPS)] as reported in the preceding paper by Pattengill. The IOS approximation works very well for cross sections involving low rotational states. The CT method works well for all the cross sections examined, justifying the popular belief that the rotational motion …