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The Prairie Naturalist Volume 9, No. 2. June 1977

The Prairie Naturalist

PROPAGULE DISPERSAL AMONG FOREST ISLANDS IN SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. W. Ranney and W. C. Johnson

GENERAL WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PRESCRIDED BURNING OF PRAIRIE IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA ▪ W. D. Svedarsky and R. W. Sands

YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERONS SIGHTED IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ D. G. Jorde, G. L. Krapu, and R. K. Green

Bat Homing, John Mark Perkins

Dissertations and Theses

A model proposed by Wilson & Findley (1972) to test for randomness in bat homing was applied to results of homing studies on big brown bats (Eptesticus fuscus) and, when possible, to published studies on homing by other bats.

Most applications of the model suggest randomness in bat homing. Ecological notes concerning parturition, parasites, populations, emergence time, flight behavior and morphology of the E. Fuescus colony are reported.

Effects Of Types 1 And 2 Herpes Simplex Viruses On Several Fish Tissue Culture Systems, Raymond Charles Harry

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to observe changes induced by types 1 and 2 herpes simplex viruses (HSV 1 and HSV 2) when these viruses were cultivated in fish cells. The possibility of attempting to use human strains of herpesviruses in order to transform normal fish tissue culture preparations was considered. Three different fish cell cultures were tested: CHSE-214 cell lines were derived from embryonic chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and STE-137 cell lines were obtained from embryonic steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Cells isolated from immature ovaries of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were propagated …

The Relationship Of Reduced Levels Of Atp To Inhibited Chondrogenesis In The Production Of Limb Deformity Induced By 6-Aminonicotinamide, Val C. Sheffield

Theses and Dissertations

6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), an analogue and antagonist of nicotinamide, impairs cartilage formation and results in shortening of the limb when administered to chick embryos. 6-AN forms an abnormal NAD analogue (6-ANAD), which inhibits the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes associated with the production of ATP. The mechanism of action of 6-AN was studied by measuring the biosynthesis of protein and DNA, and the sulfation and glycosylation of chondroitin sulfate in control and 6-AN treated cartilage from 8-day chick embryos. The cartilage was also assayed for ATP levels. Incorporation of Na235SO4 was inhibited by 6 h treatment with 10 μg/ml 6-AN, whereas 3H-thymidine …

A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Observations or a small group of pikas, (Ochotona princeps) occupying a southwest facing roadfill on Mt. Hood, Oregon (1518 m) were made during the fall or 1976. Territorial sizes of 305.5 m² and 121 m² were determined based on territorial displays. These territories were compared with those observed in other studies. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor was 15.1 m. A pair relationship between two of the pikas and a dominance order are discussed. The seasonal progression of the haypiles and the reactions of the pikas to other animals are also noted.

Light Scattering Studies Of Rotational And Vibrational Relaxations Of Acetonitrile In Carbon Tetrachloride, Scott L. Whittenburg, C. H. Wang

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The rotational and vibrational relaxation times of acetonitrile–carbon tetrachloride solutions were investigated as a function of concentration, viscosity, and temperature using depolarized Rayleigh and Raman scattering. Using a Fabry‐Perot interferometer and single frequency laser source, we have shown that reliable results for the single particle orientational correlation times (τ_s) for CH₃CN can be obtained by carrying out a concentration dependent depolarized Rayleigh scattering study. Raman scattering was shown to yield inconsistent results for τ_s in CH₃CN. At constant viscosity, it was found that the Rayleigh scatteringrelaxation time (τ_Ray) of CH_{3 …}

Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston

Dissertations and Theses

A group of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) was acclimated to 18-20˚C and artificial photo-period for 21 days. The animals were then individually placed in a thermal gradient and their selected temperatures were continuously recorded for 24 hours. A second group of turtles was acclimatized to 7.5-11.0˚C and natural photoperiods for 28 days, and subsequently tested in the same manner as the first group. Lastly, the turtles in the first group, after being acclimated to 3.0˚C and the previous artificial photoperiod for 14 days, were retested in the gradient.

Relation Of Flotation Analysis To Archeological Excavations, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, Mary B. Struever

Biology ETDs

Flotation analysis (the examination of small-scale botanical remains recovered by a simple water separation technique) was undertaken at site 29SJ627, a small pueblo in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Altogether 69 samples were examined, yielding 5208 seeds from approximately 30 plant taxa. All plant taxa encountered in flotation samples are growing in Chaco today, with the exception of the domesticates corn and squash, and the riparian Scirpus (bulrush). The assemblage of seed types recovered by flotation indicates that the prehistoric plant community was essentially similar to today's, with increased emphasis on arboreal and riparian species and that weedy types were more …

Floristic Affinities Of Animas Mountain, Southwestern New Mexico, Warren L. Wagner

Biology ETDs

Animas Mountain of southwestern New Mexico was selected for a floristic inventory and analysis because of the lack of previous study in this unique portion of the Southwest.

An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of the study area was compiled. A species-rich flora represented by 718 taxa (ca. 20% of the known flora of New Mexico) was documented by either (i) herbarium specimens from the University of New Mexico, or New Mexico State University herbaria, or (ii) specimens collected during the 1975 and 1976 growing seasons.

Floristic assemblages were recognized based upon descriptive field notes, species lists from collection …

A Multivariate Study Of The Family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): Morphology, Ecology, Evolution, Patricia Waring Freeman

Biology ETDs

The Molossidae is a worldwide, mostly tropical family of bats. This analysis examines what phenetically similar groups occur within the family; what ecological role species of molossids may have; and, finally, what kind of evolutionary relationships exist among phenetically similar species.

Seventy-six characters were taken on each of eighty species of molossids and analyzed by principal components, distance (size-in and size-out), and correlation analyses from the NT-SYS package of multivariate statistical programs. Phenetically similar bats are grouped and described morphologically. Morphological trends which are revealed by the principal components analysis are used to make ecological predictions about the bats' feeding …

Laboratory Diagnosis Of Genital Infections Associated With Chlamydia Trachomatis: Cell Culture And Serological Methods, Linda L. Cole

Biology ETDs

Recent investigations have revealed the widespread involvement of Chlamydia trachomatis in nongonococcal genital infections in man. In an effort to develop the necessary methodology for isolating this agent, several different cell culture techniques were evaluated.

Additionally, a fluorescent antibody technique and neutralization test were developed for possible diagnostic use.

Quantitation of Chlamydia in cell culture was accomplished using inclusion counts which showed linear dose response curves. Inclusions were stained by the PAS, iodine, and Giemsa methods, and these stains were found to be equal in their sensitivity in detecting chlamydia inclusions. Using inclusion counts as a quantitative assay, a variety …

Relation Of Pollen Analysis To Archeological Excavations, Chaco Canyon, Anne C. Cully

Biology ETDs

This study was begun in the summer of 1975 at site 29SJ627, In Marcia's Rincon, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Dates of the occupation of the site were from ca. 800 A.D. to 1050 A.D. The primary purposes of the study were to identify pollen; investigate factors affecting variability, including temporal, functional, and spatial factors; investigate sampling techniques to obtain adequate representation of variability; comparison of pollen and flotation samples. A total of 83 samples were processed and 34 taxa were identified. Within site 29SJ627 a block of rooms was chosen for extensive sampling. Within the rooms a grid system was …

Jasminum Primulinum Hemsl. Ex Baker, Libby Barr

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 53, No. 2), Kentucky Library Research Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Some Intermountain Endemics, Arthur H. Holmgren

Faculty Honor Lectures

A growing concern for the welfare of endangered or threatened plant and animal species has developed during the past few years, coinciding with an awareness of mankind's deleterious influence on the environment. Technological man has altered vast areas of the earth's surface to such an extent that many species have been endangered or made extinct. Transcontinental highways, shopping malls, industrial parks, home sites where they shouldn't be, and huge acreages turned over by the plow for monocultures, have taken a toll on our native vegetation to such an extent that many species have either lost their diversity or have disappeared. …

Comparison Of Iron Supplements For The Prevention Of Anemia In Young Pigs, Steve Hieronymus

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Crete Koate^® product originally intended to be utilized for absorbing excess moisture and reducing knee abrasions of baby pigs raised in confinement, was tested as a hematinic for young pigs. Four treatments were studied: (1) T-NI, pigs receiving no iron; (2) T-IS, pigs receiving a 2 ml intramuscular injection of iron-dextran at 2 days of age; (3) T-CK, pigs raised in pens treated daily with Crete Koate; (4) T-ISCK, pics receiving an intramuscular injection of iron-dextran on day 2 whose pens received daily treatments of Crete Koate. Hemoglobin levels were used as an indicator of iron status in the …

Climatic Implications Of Barbados Coral Growth, Richard E. Dodge, Karl K. Turekian, J. Rimas Vaisnys

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Results from a coral growth band analysis utilizing samples of M. annularis from the Recent Barbados reef and from three fossil raised reefs (Barbados I, II, and III dated at 82,000, 105,000, and 125,000 yrs. B.P.) indicate that in the Barbados II collection both average band width and variability were lower than in the other samples. We suggest the climate during formation of the 105,000 yrs. B.P. reef was significantly different than that of the present.

Agricultural Experiment Station News May 1977

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
PERSONNEL ACTIONS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
GENERAL NOTES
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS – April 1977

The Effects Of Prescribed Burning On Nutrient Content Of Selected Understory Species In An East Texas Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stand, Kelly Bell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to determine whether prescribed burning affected nutrient levels in leaves and twigs of six species and whether there were differences in response between leaves and twigs. Backfire and headfire treatments were used to determine differences between burning techniques. Samples were collected in October, 1974. The burn was in March, 1975 and post-burn sampling was in June, 1975, September, 1975, and June, 1976. Leaf and twig tissue were analyzed for contents of protein, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus and then subjected to statistical analysis. No difference was found between burning techniques. Protein and phosphorus increased and …

Community Structure Of Ten Southwestern Rodent Faunas, Terrence Morgan May

Biology ETDs

Thirty morphological characters were measured for each of 63 rodent species. All characters were standardized to a mean of zero (O) and standard deviation equal to one (1). From this assemblage, subsets were chosen to represent ten (10) naturally occurring rodent communities of New Mexico and Arizona. Numerical taxonomy techniques of distance, correlation and principal components analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results reveal three distinct community 'types'. The presence or absence of morphologically divergent species is responsible for these differences. The appearance of Castor canadensis (the most morpho-logically divergent species) is dependent upon the addition of a new …

Potassium And Calcium Cycling By Eupterotegaeus Rostratus (Acari: Cryptostigmata), A. Carter, J.B. Cragg

Aspen Bibliography

Recent studies in an aspen woodland ecosystem in the Canadian Rockies have elucidated the biology of particular soil organisms and their roles in energy flow and, to a lesser extent, in chemical cycling.

Economics Of Carry-Over Forage Production, Increased Grazing Season Length, And Increased Livestock Production From Rangeland Fertilization, Dean L. Roberts Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper entails the economic and biological responses of both rangeland grasses and livestock grazing rangeland grasses to nitrogen fertilization. Five sites received graduated rates of fertilizer in previous studies. Analysis showed all sites failed to exhibit a significant carry-over response to fertilization. Determination of optimum rate or optimum reapplication schedule was not possible due to residual nitrogen present in the soil. Spring application of fertilizer produced the greatest returns from one site while the other site studied failed to produce a profitable response from either spring or fall application.

Calf weight gains were shown to be curvilinear and resulted …

The Distribution Of Orcuttia Californica (Poaceae) In The Vernal Pools Of The Santa Rosa Plateau, Riverside County, California, Cluney M. Stagg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Ecological studies were conducted on the rare annual grass Orcuttia californica (Vasey), an endemic to California, from April to September, 1976 in 11 vernal pools located on the Santa Rosa Plateau in Riverside County. To help determine why Orcutt grass occurs in only 6 of the 11 pools and more specifically why it only occurs in patches within a given pool, biweekly measurements of frequency, density and phenology were taken within each of a total of 28 circular plots (r = 10 meters) in 5 pools. This data was related to concurrent biweekly measurements of soil moisture, soil texture and …

Relationships Of Vegetation To Environment In Canyonlands National Park, Walter Lee Loope

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The vegetation of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, has been described from 157 samples located throughout the Park. Species frequency, density and cover were recorded along with measurements of soil thickness, slope, aspect, elevation and geologic substrate at each site. Measurements of soil texture, pH, and electrical conductivity were taken for a representative subsample. A map of the vegetation of the Park was made by relating the sample points to their corresponding spectral signatures on vertical aerial photographs and locating boundaries between vegetation units by means of changes in photo signatures.

Vegetation in these arid to semi-arid environments appears to be …

Consumption, Digestion, And Utilization By Goats Of The Dry Matter And Nitrogen In Diets Containing Oak (Quercus Gambelii) Foliage, Anastasios Stefanos Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I
A study of animal performance was made with goats fed, ad libitum ground and pe11eted mixtures of Gambe1 oak and alfalfa. Intake, digestibility, metabolizable nitrogen, and metabolized energy of oak diets were generally lower than those for a control alfalfa diet. However, no significant differences in live weight gains of experimental animals were found. No apparent toxicity was detected in goats fed diets containing up to 80 percent oak for 72 days.

Part II
Mixtures of oak (Quercus gambelii) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were used to evaluate three laboratory techniques, the Tilley and Terry …

An Economic Analysis Of Predation Control And Predatory Sheep Losses In Southwestern Utah, R. Garth Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To provide accurate data concerning sheep losses resulting from predation, a verification study of sheep predation was initiated in March 1972 in the Cedar City area of Utah. In cooperation with the Cedar City Wool Growers Association and Southern Utah State College Experimental Farm, ten sheep ranches were chosen as sample operations, forming the data base for the initial phase of the study (1972-1974).

Cooperating ranchers were asked to promptly report all sheep carcasses or injured sheep, so that an examination could immediately be made to ascertain the cause of death or injury. Daily horseback searches were also conducted on …

The Effects Of Campgrounds On Small Mammals In Canyonlands And Arches National Parks, Utah, Gregory A. Clevenger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Campground use in our national parks is increasing yearly, but little quantitative data are available concerning the impact this use is having on the ecology of the campground and surrounding area. This paper reports on some of the effects of campgrounds on small mammal populations in Canyonlands and Arches National Parks, Utah. Data collection consisted of live-trapping from April to November, 1975 (12,337 trap-nights). The populations of Ordls kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), antelope ground squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus), deer mice (Peromyscus spp.), woodrats (Neotoma spp.), Colorado chipmunks (Eutamias guadrivittatus), and desert …

Influence Of Angler Motivations, Expectations, And Opinions On Fishery Management Practices In The United States, James E. Brogdon

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This report is concerned with the behavioral inputs into the decisions concerning fishery resource management. Topics discussed are motives, expectations, and opinions of fishermen concerning the fishing experience and present-day fishery management practices and regulations; how management agencies and sportsmen organizations have dealt with recreational fishing; the need for managers to utilize this behavioral information in forming management decisions; and where past people-wildlife research has been and where it must lead in the future. Material for this paper came from copies of published articles and library research.

Importance Of Legumes, Especially The Trifolium Species, In Range Improvement, Abdelhai A. Ibnattya

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This paper analyzes the most important characteristics of legumes, which have led to their utilization in range improvement all over the world. It emphasizes the Trifolium spp. (esteemed among the legume family), their contributions to soil a n d forage improvement, and the success obtained from their utilization, especially in semi-arid ranges. Many references originally from Australia, United States, Morocco, and Portugal were used as sources of data because of the ample utilization of these species in these countries. Careful analysis related to requirements, potentialities, and production of clovers were used and recommendations were made for different ecological areas where …

The Iron Bioavailability Of Mechanically-Deboned Meats, Bonnie Rae Anderson Farmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two separate experiments were used to investigate iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned meats using hemoglobin regeneration to measure iron utilization. In both studies, male weanling rats were made anemic by bleeding and being fed a low-iron diet. Experimental diets were control fed to the animals and final hemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Animals were sacrificed and liver iron concentrations determined. The first experiment measured the iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned and hand-deboned beef plate was better utilized by rats than the iron from mechanically- deboned shank and mechanically-deboned plate. The effect of lipid source and level on iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned turkey meat …