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South Dakota Farm And Home Research, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Director’s Comments [p] 2 “If it doesn’t seem a good time to celebrate, think back 100 years. Times weren’t good then, either”
Diet and pills [p] 3 “schoolkids’ diaries held no surprises; some needed extra vitamins and minerals, some didn’t, some were taking wrong ones”
Sclerotinia [p] 7 “If these diseases move in, beware. They’ll limit sunflower production unless we find resistant varieties “
Ordway Prairie [p] 10 “A preserve that won’t be ‘preserved,’ Ordway is a bit of nostalgia, a key to future, and a ‘managed’ Prairie “
No germs [p] 14 “Mother and babies-nine of them-are doing fine; …

The Hatching And Emergence Of Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta Caretta) Hatchlings, Richard J. Demmer

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) eggs were collected at the time of laying during the summer of 1977 on the beaches of Canaveral National Seashore and the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge in Brevard County, Florida. The eggs were placed in land-lines buckets and maintained at ambient temperature in a house trailer hatchery. After 50 to 55 days of incubation whole or partial clutches were transferred to glass observation containers and covered to a depth of 20 cm. Hatching and emergence behavior were visually observed and activity was timed on an event recorder that was activated by four motion switches placed …

Alternate Population Limitation Strategies For Feral Horses, Michael L. Wolfe

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Methane Production From Dairy Cattle Waste, Michael H. Scholla

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A microbiological and economic study of methane production from dairy cattle waste was performed. The profit potential of producing methane and other vendable products from dairy cattle wastes was studied using a computerized cost model. The unit gas cost ($/cu. ft. methane) was determined for refractory volatile solids (VS) concentrations between 52% and 28% (W/W). Reaction rate constants (RKO) between 5.92 x 109 and 1.24 x 1011 were used. Retention time (RT) was varied between 1 and 10 days. Total solids (TS) concentration was varied between 8% and 14%. Analyses were performed with and without a fertilizer plant option for …

The Diversity And Abundance Of The Benthic Macroinvertebrates In An Oligo-Mesotrophic Central Florida Lake, Jeffrey F. Spence

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters were sampled monthly in Spring Lake, Florida from July, 1978, to June, 1979. Spring Lake is a slightly acidic, sand bottom lake located in the sandhill region of the Central Highlands. While submersed vegetation is not dense, the lake does contain an abundance of the endemic submersed plant Mayaca aubletii. The littoral zone is dominated by plants belonging to the genera Panicum, Nuphar, Hydrocotyle, Nymphaea, Satittaria, and Typha. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected consisted of 51 species; approximately 50 percent were in the family Chironomidae. The annual mean number of individuals was 947/m2. The mayfly Hexagenia …

The Effects Of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella Val.) Upon The Submersed Macrophytic Vegetation In Central Florida Lakes, Winston K. Borkowski

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The biomass of the submersed macrophytic vegetation in four hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Royle) infested lakes in central Florida was monitored for one year. Lake Orienta and Little Lake Fairview received 2,320 and 960 grass carp, respectively, while Clear Lake and Lake Mann did not receive grass carp. Hydrilla was eliminated in Lake Orienta within six months of stocking; the lake was stocked at 19 grass carp/mt hydrilla (45 fish/ha). Hydrilla was not eliminated from Little Lake Fairview which contained 9 grass carp/mt hydrilla (30 fish/ha). The growth of hydrilla was restricted in Little Lake Fairview which produced 0.380 mt hydrilla, …

Seasonal Periodicity Of Periphytic Algae In Relation To Water Quality In Three Florida Experimental Ponds, Michael J. Gilbrook

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Periphytic algae biomass, periphyton taxonomic composition and water quality were monitored from October, 1978 through October, 1979 in three experimental ponds on the University of Central Florida campus, Orlando, Florida. Differences in the abundance and seasonal periodicity of phytoplankton in the ponds presumably arose from intrinsic differences in the nature of the pond sediments. Ceramic tile and pressboard wood artificial substrates were sampled at two-month intervals to provide estimates of periphyton biomass and productivity; there was no significant difference in algal biomass on wood and tile substrates. Algal productivity on continuous-immersion (cumulative) substrates which supported a large accumulation of periphyton …

Nutrient Retention In Shallow Reservoirs Using Selected Aquatic Macrophytes, Phillip D. Sacco

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using shallow reservoirs containing aquatic plants to reduce excess nutrient levels of agricultural drainage effluent from organic soils. The reservoir systems consisted of three small reservoirs in series, containing separate stands of Eichhornia crassipes, Egeria densa and Typha sp., and a single large reservoir containing equal areas of all three aquatic plants. A control reservoir without plants was included. Drainage water from organic soils was pumped through each reservoir at 39.6 l/sec., 6 hours per day, 6 days per week. the major nutrients monitored in theses flow-through systems included nitrate-N, …

An Experimental Study Of Dispersal Of The Cotton Rat, Sigmodon Hispidus, Stephen R. Stafford

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Dispersal of cotton rats was examined over an annual cycle of abundance by removal trapping in pine flatwoods. All cotton rats live-trapped at biweekly intervals on two 0.49 ha grids were removed, whereas rats on an adjacent control grid were tagged an released alive on site. The null hypothesis was that dispersing cotton rats would represent a random sample of sex and weight (age) classes from source populations, e.g. the control grid. Likewise, it was assumed that dispersal rates would be proportional to numerical changes in abundance on the control grid. Dispersing animals were clearly most prevalent on the removal …

The Relationship Between Adjacent Residential Development And Breeding Bird Populations, Steven L. Harbron

Dissertations

The breeding bird populations of a 40.9 acre grassland-thicket, the Colony Farm Tract, Kalamazoo, Michigan, were studied over 18 years, from 1961-1979. The purpose of the study was to discover any variations in the avian populations that resulted from the construction of an adjacent residential development. Particular attention was directed toward establishing the kinds of relationships that existed between the breeding bird populations and the adjacent residential development.

Zooplankton Abundance And Diversity In Spring Lake, Florida, 1973-1976, Barry D. Billets

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Seasonal variation in zooplanton abundance and diversity in Spring Lake, Florida was studies between 1973 - 1976. This clear, sand bottom lake is considered among the most oligotrophic in central Florida. Sixty rotifer species, sixteen cladoceran species, and seven copepod species were collected during the three year study. Annual mean zooplanton abundances ranged between 70 individuals/l and 80 individuals/l. Rotifers were more abundant than either cladocerans or adult copepods. Rotifers and immature crustaceans comprised nearly 75% of the annual mean zooplankton abundance. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between years for the annual mean abundance of zooplankton. The monthly mean abundance of cladocerans and adult copepods was generally less than 5 individuals/l. The greater abundance of rotifers in comparison to other zooplankton was mainly responsible for the variation in the values of the Shannon and Simpson Indices. The monthly mean Shannon Index was usually between 3.0 and 4.0. Seasonal differences in zooplankton abundance were apparently due to water temperature and specific conductivity for the 1974 - 1975 and 1975 - 1976 study years. Shannon diversity was significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen for the 1973 - 1974 and 1974 - 1975 study years.

Analysis Of Multiple Isoenzyme Expression Among Twenty-Two Species Of Mycoplasma And Acholeplasma, Stephen J. O'Brien, Janice M. Simonson, Marion W. Grabowski, Michael F. Barile

Biology Faculty Articles

Crude extracts of triple-cloned, purified cultures of 22 species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma were examined for expression of 21 isozyme systems routinely used to type mammalian cells. Nine previously described enzymes (purine nucleoside phosphorylase, adenylate kinase, dipeptidase, esterase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase) and three enzymes not previously reported in mycoplasma (triose phosphate isomerase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, and acid phosphatase) were detected in some or all of the species examined. These findings provide new information on the enzymatic expressions of these organisms. Three of the isozyme systems (superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) …

Palynological Correlation Of The Kentucky No. 12 Coal, Gerald E. Vyhmeister

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In attempting to analyze the depositional environment for the Kentucky No. 12 Coal three columns were sampled from a 1 km area. The columns yielded 76 miospore species belonging to 33 genera, and representing in decreasing order of abundance, arborescent lycopods, tree ferns, calamites, small ferns, gymnospermous trees, seed ferns, herbaceous lycopods, and others from unknown origin.

The pattern of spore distribution in the columns did not appear to be affected by the presence of several partings, a feature which calls into question several mechanisms proposed for the origin of partings and also creates difficulties for an autochthonous origin for …

Trophodynamics Of The Fish Valenciennellus Tripunctulatus. I. Vertical Distribution, Diet And Feeding Chronology, Thomas L. Hopkins, Ronald C. Baird

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The adult and juvenile life stages of the small (~25mm) zooplanktivorous mesopelagic fish Valenciennellus tripunctulatus (Esmark) are found at depths of 200-600m throughout the diel period. Average population density was estimated to be 5 fish (104m³)^-1 and the maximum density recorded was 11 fish (104m³)^-1. Copepods constituted ~95% of all food items identified and Pleuromamma was the principal forage genus, contributing 31% and 56% to numbers and biomass of food items, respectively. Ontogenetic changes in diet were observed, the percentage of larger copepods increasing in the diet with increasing fish size. Food items …

Incorporation Of Carbon-14 Metabolites Into The Sex Pheromon 26-Dichlorophenol Of Dermacentor Andersoni Stiles; And The Disruption Of Pheromone Activity In D. Andersoni And D. Variabilis (Say) By Quinones, Daniel Martin Gainsburg

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, injected with (u-¹⁴c) sodium acetate or DL-(benzene ring-u-¹⁴c) tryptophan for in vivo studies, was found to produce sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, containing ¹⁴c activity. Ambiguous results were obtained with L-(u- ¹⁴c) tyrosine, and no incorporation of ¹⁴c label into pheromone was observed with DL-(ring-u- ¹⁴c) phenylalanine or DL-(side chain-3-¹⁴c) tyrosine. Attempts were made to determine the site of synthesis, but in vitro studies proved inconclusive.

Disruption of sex pheromone activity in D. andersoni and the American dog tick, D. variabilis (Say) was achieved …

Fine Structure Of The Nucleus And Cytoplasmic Feulgen-Positive Areas In The Developing Oocyte Of Argus (Persicargas) Radiatus, Bonnie J. Harding

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A transmission electron microscope analysis of the changes that occur in the nuclear chromatin and the Feulgen-positive areas of the oocyte cytoplasm as the female develops, feeds and mates is described. The description includes analysis of oocytes from three types of females: unfed, unmated; fed, unmated; and fed, mated. In all types, dense material passes through the extremely porous nuclear membrane where it accumulates in the cytoplasm.

Nuclei of previtellogenic oocytes appear the same in all females studied. Fibrillar bodies and up to four large nucleoli are seen. No typical chromatin is seen, but structures resembling nucleosomes appear throughout the …

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis Of Biogenic Amines, Thais Edwina Ahrendt Keegan

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The objectives of this research were to develop a sensitive method for separation and quantitation of biogenic amines and to apply that procedure by monitoring neurochemical changes resulting from stimuli to the test system.

Primary aromatic amines were derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde-mercaptoethanol prior to chromatography, Separation of the fluorescent adduct was achieved using a μBondapak/ phenyl reversed-phase column and a two-step gradient of methanol:0.08 M acetic acid, pH J.O. Fluorescence was monitored using a J40 nm excitation energy and an emission filter which transmits radiation greater than 400 nm (50% T at 418 nanometers).

Following optimization of the chromatographic conditions, studies …

The Synthesis And Evaluation Of The Biological Activity Of Heterocyclic Analogs Of Phencyclidine, Julian Dew Mckenney Jr.

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Using the classical synthetic approach described by Maddox and co-workers⁴³, the decyanation reaction of 1- piperidinocyclohexane carbonitrile (PCC), 5, was attempted using the heterocyclic anions of 2-methyl-5-nitropyridine, 22, 2-amino-5-nitropyridine, 23, and 2-hydroxy-5-nitropyridine, 24; however, the desired pyridine analogs of phencyclidine (PCP), 1, could not be prepared under these conditions. Attempts to prepare the same analogs via addition of these anions to the iminium tosylate and hydrobromide salts also proved unsuccessful.

The failure to observe the desired decyanation reaction has been attributed to the special sterochemical restrictions of the hindered nitrile of PCC in that facile …

Growth And Recruitment Of Two Penaeids In The Bay Of St. Louis, Mississippi During 1979, Teresa C. Heaton

OES Theses and Dissertations

Juvenile brown (Penaeus aztecus, Ives) and white (Penaeus setiferus, Linnaeus) shrimp were collected from two stations of a nursery area in St. Louis Bay Mississippi, during May to October, 1979. Periods of shrimp recruitment and growth were determined to discern whether the concurrent environmental variables of salinity and temperature had an influence on shrimp abundance and yield. Growth estimates were obtained from length frequency measurements of trawl samples taken over a 24-h period per month from each station. An analysis of variance of length versus the variables of sex, month, station, time of day, salinity and …

A Multivariate Study Of The Family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera) : Morphology, Ecology, Evolution, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The purpose of my study is to examine as many species of the family Molossidae as possible and to determine, with the aid of numerical methods, what natural groups exist within the family. Sneath & Sokal (1973) discuss the methods and reasons for this kind of analysis. A natural group of organisms as here defined is one in which its members share a close phenetic relationship. Phenetic relationship is defined as "similarity (resemblance) based on a set of phenotypic characteristics of the objects or organisms under study," (Sneath & Sokal, 1973, p. 29), and is distinct in definition from phylogenetic …

1981 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Sunbathing Vermilion-Crowned Flycatchers Repulse Mates, Lawrence Kilham

Dartmouth Scholarship

Vermilion-crowned Flycatchers (Myiozetetes similis, formerly called Social Flycatchers) remain paired the year around (Skutch 1960). I was watching the members of a pair foraging in close association along the bank of a pond (near Escuintla in the Pacific lowlands of Guatemala) on 29 December 1976, when the two came to a patch of relatively bare earth 1-2 m in extent. This was late in the morning of a hot, sunny day. One of them immediately sprawled belly to the earth, with wings and tail widely spread and head back in the sunbathing posture of a passerine (Hauser 1957). When the …

The Isolation Of Ecdysterone Inducible Genes By Hybridization Subtraction Chromatography, Michael P. Vitek, Susan G. Kreissman, Robert H. Gross

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have developed a procedure for selectively enriching a mRNA population for inducible sequences. Other than the induced mRNA species, the population of mRNA in control cells is approximately the same as the mRNA population in induced cells. Cytoplasmic mRNA from control cells is bound to oligo (dT)-cellulose and used as a template for reverse transcriptase, the oligo (dT) serving as a primer. After removing the template mRNAs, the cDNA-cellulose column is used to hybridize a population of mRNAs from induced cells. The non-hybridized poly A ⁺ RNAs are greatly enriched in the inducible sequences. We have used this technique …

Museums Are More Than Elephant Graveyards, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

I suspect many people do not know what natural history museums are all about. These museums hold nature's works of art, instead of just man's. There are not many museums of natural history and those few are usually in big cities.

Field Museum of National History in Chicago is one of the largest in the world, along with the British Museum of Natural History in London, the Smithsonian (U.S. National Museum) in Washington, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York. These are the museums that have the actual skeletons of dinosaurs, or stuffed elephants, poised in combat, …

Clinical Thermoradiotherapy, H. I. Bicher, T. S. Sandhu, F. W. Hetzel

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

A clinical trial is currently in progress to determine the efficacy of combined fractions of hyperthermia and radiation. The protocol consists of two parts. First, four fractions of microwave-induced hyperthermia (45.0° ± 0.5°C) are applied for 1 1/2 hours to the volume encompassing the tumor, each separated by 72 hours. After a one-week rest, a second series of four fractions is administered again at 72- hour intervals. Each fraction consists of a 400 rad dose of radiation followed within 20 minutes by hyperthermia (42.5 ± 0.5°C) for 1 1/2 hours. Currently, we have treated 62 patients with 82 fields with …

Back Matter

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Local Hyperthermia And Radiation: A Biologically-Oriented Clinical Scheduling, G. Arcangeli, A. Cividalli

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

In a series of animal tumor studies, heat was directly delivered into the tumor mass with an interstitial applicator. After hyperthermia (44°-45°C for 45 minutes) or radiation alone (3x10 Gy), only a slight delay in tumor growth was observed, while the combined treatment, either simultaneous or sequential (i.e., heat delivered four hours after irradiation), appeared to be the most effective. The cure rate in the two combined treatment groups was 100%, in contrast to the lack of cure in the first two groups. The simultaneous use of heat and x-ray appeared to be slightly more effective than the sequential schedule; …

Hyperthermia, F. K. Storm

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

This report describes the history of hyperthermia and reviews current forms of treatment at both low (42°-43°C) and higher (<45°C) temperatures. Hyperthermia treatment at low temperatures includes fluid immersion and irrigation, regional perfusion with heated fluids, and electromagnetic radiofrequency waves. Low-temperature hyperthermia has also been combined with radiation therapy and with chemotherapy in recent clinical trials. At higher temperatures, we and other investigators have also had promising, preliminary results in treating tumors safely. With the specialized radiofrequency instrumentation we have developed to apply hyperthermia at any depth without preferential surface tissue heating, further clinical investigation of both superficial and deep internal solid tumors is now possible. Recent data suggest that hyperthermia may be an especially effective form of therapy for larger tumors that resist standard forms of treatment. Clinical trials are now underway to determine the most therapeutic dose/time regimen, to determine toxicity and therapeutic enhancement ratios of combined chemotherapy and x-irradiation with hyperthermia, and to evaluate any changes in the host immune system with such therapies.

Hyperthermic Perfusion 16 Years After Its First Clinical Applications, R. Cavaliere, G. Moricca, F. Di Filippo, L. Aloe, G. Monticelli, F. S. Sartori

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

It is known that above-normal temperatures (42°-42.5°C) provoke selective damage to neoplastic cells. We used heated circulating blood as a method for heat transfer on patients with limb tumors. From October 1964 to December 1979, we treated a total of 198 patients with hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma of the limbs (91), osteosarcoma (57), and soft tissue sarcoma (50). For melanoma patients, the five-year survival rate, excluding Stage IV, was 60%. For patients with soft tissue sarcoma, the five-year survival rates were 53% and 56% for hyperthermic perfusion and hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion. respectively. For 29 patients with osteosarcoma, hyperthermic perfusion was …

Review Of The Island Waterfowl By Milton W. Weller, And The Hawaiian Goose: An Experiment In Conservation By Janet Kear And A. J. Berger, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Both of these books deal with insular species of waterfowl. The volume by Weller concentrates on the ecological forces that have shaped the compar- ative ecologies and morphologies of some 30 forms of Anatidae that are confined to the islands of the world; the Kear and Berger book deals with the interesting history of the ill-fated Hawaiian goose, or nene, which has at least temporarily been saved from extinction by heroic conservation measures of the Wildfowl Trust and Hawaiian wildlife personnel.