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Lipid Synthesis In The Beef Animal, Ronald L. Prior, Stephen B. Smith

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Rates of in vitro fat synthesis from acetate and lactate were compared to the activities of enzymes thought to be involved in the process of lipid synthesis from lactate. Results of these studies indicate that lactate can be incorporated into fats by a pathway heretofore thought to be nonfunctional in ruminants, the citrate cleavage:malic enzyme pathway. Studies of the effects of age and diet on the enzymes of the citrate cleavage:malic enzyme pathway support the concept of a physiological role for this pathway in lipid synthesis in beef cattle.

Relationship Of Selected Beef Carcass Traits With Meat Palatability, John D. Crouse

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Relationships among selected carcass traits and cooked meat palatability were studied on 240 carcasses obtained from steers of different biological types produced under a wide range of feeding regimens. Breed type of steer or feeding regimen had little or no effect on correlations among taste panel (TP) scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and general acceptability. Treatments also had little effect on correlations of conformation, lean color, lean texture, and final maturity with TP observations. Late maturing breeds of steers and steers fed on low energy regimens were rated more youthful than early maturing breeds of steers and steers fed on …

Beef Research Program Progress Report No. 1 (1982): Table Of Contents

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

ROMAN L. HRUSKA U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, Robert R. Oltjen........iii

BREEDING AND GENETICS

Sixteen years of selection for weaning weight, final weight, and muscling score in Hereford cattle: Robert M. Koch, Larry V. Cundiff, and Keith E. Gregory. . . . . . . . . . . .. 1

Effects of heterosis in Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn rotational crosses: Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, and Robert M. Koch. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 3

Heterosis and breed maternal and transmitted effects in beef cattle: Keith E. Gregory, Larry …

Effect Of Grain Source And Dietary Level Of Oat Hulls On Phosphorus And Calcium Utilization In The Growing Pig, R. L. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., B. D. Moser, A. J. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of grain source and dietary level of oat hulls on dry matter digestibility, P and Ca retention and intestinal phytase activity of growing pigs. Twenty-four crossbred pigs (39 kg)were used. Dry matter digestibilities of corn-based diets were greater (P<.01) than grain sorghum-based diets (74.7 vs 63.5%). Diets containing 10% oat hulls had lower (P<.01) dry matter digestibilities than diets containing no oat hulls (64.0 vs 74.2%).

The Suriname Small Mammal Survey: A Case Study Of The Cooperation Between Research And National Conservation Needs, Hugh H. Genoways, Henry A. Reichart, Stephen L. Williams

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

A cooperative program between the Foundation for Nature Preservation in Suriname and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History to survey the small mammals of Suriname is reviewed. The program has proven to be mutually beneficial and it is presented as a model for development of similar programs in the future. The technical assistance requested by the Foundation for Nature Preservation in Suriname concerned the distribution and natural history of small mammals, especially those occurring in the Nature Parks and Reserves. The Government of Suriname has established an excellent system of Reserves and Parks throughout the country. They are trying to …

Flora And Vegetation Of Five Natural Wetlands In The Kanawha And Ohio River Floodplains, Southwestern West Virginia, Bernadine Phillips Brumfield

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Flora and vegetation were studied in five natural wetlands along the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers, southwestern West Virginia. Vegetation was analysed using a stratified-ran­dom approach with nested quadrats along line transects. The abundance of dead trees suggests an overall increase in water level with time. One to three canopy species comprise 75 percent of the Basal Area at all five sites. Acer rubrum and Quercus palustris are the dominant species at the Winfield East, Winfield West and Pt. Pleasant sites. Salix nigra is the dominant species at McCausland Run site and Acer saccharinum is dominant at the Guyan Creek Oxbow …

Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy For Surface Science, Olive Lee-Deacon, Claude Le Gressus, Daniel Massignon

Scanning Electron Microscopy

To correlate an electron image with surface properties requires thorough understanding of electron-solid interaction, secondary electron emission mechanism and operation functions of image detectors. We emphasize the importance and usefulness of combining electron spectroscopy with scanning electron microscope in interpreting electron image contrast. Linear relationships among secondary electron image (SEI) brightness, total emission current and the integration of electron energy distribution were measured. We propose that channeling effect, instead of primary electron diffraction, is the crystallographic cause of SEI contrast. Secondary electrons contribute most to SEI brightness because of their high constituent in total yield, not because of high efficiency …

Vascular Plants, Excluding Island Sites, Of Lake Of The Woods County, Minnesota, Janet Boe

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

It is likely that almost 150 newly-recorded items were collected and identified during a study of the vascular flora of Lake of the Woods county on Minnesota's northern border with Canada. This collection apparently extended the known range of a number of plants within the state and also noted sites of several plants of which there are only a few collections in Minnesota The study was conducted as part of the author's Master of Science degree program at the University of Minnesota.

Catalase Activity In Crown Galls, Helianthus Annuus, Mark C. Bildsoe

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Crown gall is a neoplastic disease in plants initiated by a specific bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The objective of this investigation was to describe quantitatively the relationship between the autonomous growth of crown galls and the activity of the metabolic enzyme catalase. The catalase bioassay revealed a substantial increase In the amount of catalase present in tumor tissues as compared to corresponding healthy tissues in Helianthus annuus. Observations concerning growth activity of the two tissues indicated a significant growth increase in the crown galls.

Earthworms Of Two Minnesota Forest Areas, R. O. Morgenweck, W. H. Marshall

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This paper reviews Lumbricidae records for Minnesota and reports on two collections in northern areas of the state. The first site, Itasca State Park, lies to the northwest with "Maple-basswood representative of climax forest to the south and southeast" and " Spruce-fir stands representative of climax forest to the north and northeast" (Buell and Gordon 1945). The Cloquet Forestry Center (CFC); site of the other collection, is near Duluth, 150 miles to the east, where the forests are largely coniferous. Here seven forest types, as described by Wenstrom (1973), and known to be used by American woodcock (Philohela minor), were …

A Vertebrate Survey Of Kasota Prairie, Kenneth Hessenius

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Kasota Prairie is a 30-acre tract of near-virgin prairie in Le Seur County, Minnesota. The vertebrate population at the prairie was studied to determine its significance as habitat for those species. Several species of birds which require prairie or prairie-like habitat were found to be nesting there. Many other avian species also utilize the area for feeding purposes. Small mammal populations were highly influenced by annual prairie maintenance burning.

Introduced Annual Eriogonum In Minnesota, Charles L. Argue, Steven R. Argue

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A selected summary of the utility of data derived from the recording and analysis of immigrant plant species is considered in relation to an apparently Introduced Minnesota population of Eriogonum annuum Nutt., the Annual Eriogonum. Fruiting specimens and one flowering-specimen of this species, heretofore reported on xeric sites from the western Dakotas, Montana, and Wyoming south into Mexico, were collected October 13, 1982, on the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge near Zimmerman, Minnesota, and represent the first records of an Eriogonum in this state.

Utilization Of Wood Duck Nest Boxes By Wildlife Near Cohasset, Minnesota, Robert T. Bohm

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Twenty-seven wood duck boxes located along the Mississippi River near Cohasset, Minnesota were monitored for winter and spring wildlife use from 198o-1982. During these three yearn, overall nest box use was 84 percent, 72 percent, and 82 percent, respectively; winter utilization was 44 percent, 56 percent, and 68 percent; spring utilization was 48 percent, 44 percent, and 37 percent. Most winter use was by red squirrels, gray squirrels, and starlings. Principal spring use was by wood ducks and common goldeneyes, During the course of the study, wood duck use decreased and common goldeneye use Increased. Aspects of the nesting season …

Viruses Of Symbiotic Chlorella-Like Algae Isolated From Paramecium Bursaria And Hydra Viridis, James L. Van Etten, Russel H. Meints, Daniel Kuczmarski, Dwight E. Burbank, Kit Lee

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

We previously reported that isolation of symbiotic Chloreila-like algae from the Florida strain of Hydra viridis induced replication of a virus (designated HVCV-1) in the algae. We now report that isolation ofsymbiotic Chlorella-like algae from four other sources of green hydra and one source ofthe protozoan Paramecium bursaria also induced virus synthesis. Algae from one of these hydra contained a virus identical to HVCV-1 (based on its rate of sedimentation, buoyant density, reaction to HVCV-1 antiserum, and DNA restriction fragments) whereas algae from the other three hydra contained. another similar, but distinct, virus (designated HVCV-2). The virus from the paramecium …

A Transport Equation Theory Of Electron Scattering, D. J. Fathers, P. Rez

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The use of the Boltzmann transport equation to describe electron scattering in electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis is discussed. A method of solution is given in which the transport equation is divided into angle and energy intervals. This gives rise to a number of coupled first order differential equations. Separation into forward and backward travelling components of the electron flux distribution enables the correct boundary conditions to be imposed. Solutions are derived which take the form of matrix operators analytic in both depth and target thickness. These matrices allow derivation of other physical quantities such as X-ray or Auger …

Monte Carlo Calculations On The Spatial And Angular Distributions Of High Energy Electron Beams In Amorphous And Polycrystalline Films, J. L. Balladore, J. P. Martinez, J. Trinquier, B. Jouffrey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We study the plural scattering of electrons in amorphous and polycrystalline films. The incident electron energy ranges from 0.1 to 3 MeV. The cross sections are obtained by measuring the transmission coefficient for targets of gold, silver, aluminium and carbon. The partial elastic cross section is calculated from Lenz's theory using a Wentzel-Yukawa model for the atomic potential of the scattering atom. In the case of inelastic interactions, we take into account either scattering by a free atom (Morse's approximation) or scattering by plasmon creation (relativistic theory of Ashley Ritchie). From these results, we solve the problem of electron transport …

The Role Of The Background In Auger Electron Spectroscopy, H. E. Bishop

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) the characteristic Auger peaks are superimposed on a relatively high continuum of back-scattered electrons. In the commonly used differential mode of recording Auger spectra, the influence of the background appears through its contribution to the noise and the enhancement of the Auger signal that makes a backscattering correction necessary in quantitative AES. With the increased use of low incident beam currents to achieve high spatial resolution, the direct spectrum is increasingly used, so that a better understanding of the background is desirable. In this paper the variations of the background with atomic number, incident beam …

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Electron Scattering In Resist Film/Substrate Targets, Kenji Murata

Scanning Electron Microscopy

First the fundamentals of resist modelling required to implement an analysis of developed resist patterns were studied, which represents the relationship between the energy deposited by incident electrons and the solubility characteristics of a positive or negative resist. Next, two models of single elastic scattering and fast secondary (knock-on) electron production were studied for Monte Carlo simulation of electron scattering in resist film/substrate targets, and the statistical errors of Monte Carlo results were evaluated. Finally, problems in electron beam lithography were investigated with the simulation. The exposure intensity distribution was studied with the two models. A comparison between Monte Carlo …

Characterization Of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Postweaning Growth And Feed Efficiency, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch, Keith E. Gregory

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

On a life-cycle basis, about 30% of the energy requirements for beef production are consumed by steers and heifers during the period from weaning to slaughter. About 45 to 55% of the total feed costs are incurred in the postweaning period, depending on the cost of feed resources for the cow herd relative to those for the feedlot. We find it is important, therefore, to characterize breeds of cattle for rate and efficiency of postweaning gain.

Methane And Protein From Beef Cattle Manure, Andrew G. Hashimoto, Yud-Ren Chen, Vincent H. Varel, Ronald L. Prior

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Dwindling supplies of conventional fossil fuels have prompted renewed interest in recovering energy through the bioconversion of waste organic materials. The large quantities of manure produced in confinement feedlots and the need to manage this manure effectively make feedlots a logical choice for assessing the feasibility of recovering methane and protein through anaerobic fermentation.

Research at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center is designed to determine the technical and economic feasibility of recovering methane and protein from beef cattle manure.

Specific Objectives are to:

1. Develop design criteria for optimum production of methane and protein through anaerobic fermentation of beef cattle …

Characterization Of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Postweaning Growth And Puberty Of Females, Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Puberty traits in beef cattle are important criteria for evaluating the use of breeds for different beef production systems. Age at puberty is an important trait in beef cattle where females are bred to calve at 2 years of age, especially when a restricted breeding season is used. It is not only important that heifers reach puberty and conceive, but that they conceive early in the breeding season. Heifers that fail to reach puberty or that reach puberty and conceive late in the breeding season cause reduced production efficiency. Thus, from a breed selection standpoint, puberty is an important trait …

Characterization Of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Preweaning Traits, Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The germ plasm base for beef cattle production in the United States has been broadened considerably during the last decade, primarily as a result of the development of appropriate quarantine facilities and procedures by the Canada Department of Agriculture that have provided for importing several new breeds of European origin. Also, the importation of new breeds, along with other factors, has stimulated interest in increased use for beef production of several breeds that have been available in North America for many years. The newly introduced breeds added to the breeds already available in the United States provide a wide range …

Resource Management Thrusts And Opportunities: National Parks And Wildlife Refuges, G. Ray Arnett

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Well, it's been an interesting year. Somehow, it got to be very convenient for some folks to misconstrue what the Secretary had said. Some of those folks just seemed determined to make James Watt a household name-and they succeeded. And those same folks succeeded, too, in increasing the membership roles of a few of the environmental groups. But I don't think they succeeded very well in listening to and understanding what the Secretary said a year ago .... So, as succinctly and plainly as possible, I will spell out again that the goals of this Administration weren't designed to create …

Effects Of Increased Human Populations On Wildlife Resources Of The Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, Edward E. Bangs, Ted H. Spraker, Theodore N. Bailey, Vernon D. Berns

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In this paper, we will discuss what has occurred to several wildlife populations on the Kenai Peninsula as the human population increased. By discussing historical impacts, management techniques, and potential human impacts, we intend to show the significance of what occurred and may occur as human populations expand, both on the Kenai and in Alaska.

Status Of Alaska Sea Otter Populations And Developing Conflicts With Fisheries, Ancel M. Johnson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Although sea otters (Enhydra lutris) have been a relatively insignificant resource in Alaska during the twentieth century, the situation is changing. Remnant populations that recolonized most of their historic range are becoming recognized as a potentially valuable economic resource and as a competitor with some important shellfish fisheries. It is appropriate that sea otters should again become an important Alaskan resource because they were so significant in the initial exploration and settlement of Alaska by non-natives. In this paper I review changes in distribution and population abundance since 1740, recent changes in human attitudes toward sea otters, and …

Hep As A Planning Tool: An Application To Waterfowl Enhancement, Scott C. Matulich, Jeffrey E. Hanson, Ivan Lines, Adrian Farmer

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

To many, the principal role of wildlife agencies in public and private resource development has been that of impact mitigation. With known or pending habitat damage, biologists have to develop mitigation or compensation plans. Unfortunately, once in a mitigation framework, they are in a no-win situation, seeking remedial action at best. Yet, the potential exists for cooperative project planning, thereby facilitating mitigation of impacts before they occur, and enhancement of environmental amenities through project development. In fact, such planning is mandated by federal legislation (e.g., National Environmental Policy Act, Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, Outdoor Recreation Act, etc.).

Development And Use Of A Habitat Gradient Model To Evaluate Wildlife Habitat, Henry L. Short

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Ecologists and wildlife managers are increasingly confronted with the problems of predicting the value of surface cover as wildlife habitat and developing management alternatives to offset wildlife values lost because of land-use change. These problems have become urgent and more acute because of increased demand for products from the land and diminished fiscal and manpower resources for obtaining meaningful environmental information for the decision maker. This paper describes a relatively rapid, simple, and quantitative process for evaluating the quality of an area as wildlife habitat.

Maps Of Distribution And Abundance Of Selected Species Of Birds On Uncultivated Native Upland Grasslands And Shrubsteppe In The Northern Great Plains, Harold A. Kantrud

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Many areas of the northern Great Plains (Fenneman 1931) remain poorly known ornithologically. Knowledge of species distribution in portions of this vast area has been advanced by recent State birds books (Stewart 1975; South Dakota Ornithologists' Union 1978) but many voids remain. Especially desirable for biologists and land managers is information concerning the relative abundance of plant and animal species over large land areas. This information can only be obtained from extensive surveys of the biota. The field of community ecology has been severely hampered by lack of information on species abundance (Dice 1930; Cain 1947; Partch 1962; Udvardy 1963). …

Reproductive Biology Of Cheirostemon Platanoides (Sterculiaceae): I. Factors Influencing Nectar Properties, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.

Report No 49 - Geographically Restricted Plants Of Southern Western Australia, Barbara L. Rye

Fisheries Research Reports

This publication lists 527 angiosperm species native to southern western Australia whose known geographical ranges are less than 100 kilometres long. A further 128 angiosperms are listed with geographical ranges between 100 and 160 kilometres. No fern or gymnosperm species in the region are known to be geographically restricted.

Apart from the presently unnamed species, a large majority of the rare plants of southern Western Australia are believed to be listed, including 86 of the species that have been gazetted as rare flora.

Less than 40% of the listed species are known to occur on conservation reserves and less than …