Digital Commons Network^™

Fluoroacetate As A Possible Marker For Glial Metabolism In Vivo / Donald D. Clarke, Ph.D. And Soll Berl, M. D. Dept. Of Chemistry, Fordham Univ. And Dept. Of Neurology, Mt. Sinai School Of Medicine Bronx, N.Y. 10458 And New York, N.Y. 10029, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Soll Berl, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Glucose is the major source of energy in all brain cells and its metabolism is closely coupled to functional activity. Advantage has been taken of this by Sokoloff (1977) and Sokoloff et al. (1977) to study energy metabolism in different brain areas and their response to a variety of drugs and stimuli. For this purpose these workers have developed the procedure for mrasuring autoradiographically the accumulation of [14C]-deoxyglucose into its phosphate derivative, a compound which does not differentiate glial from neuronal metabolism. They could be enhanced if one could differentiate glial from neuronal metabolic response to the various experimental conditions. …

Alternative Explanation For Excision Repair Deficiency Caused By The Polaex1 Mutation, Alan F. Wahl, Joel W. Hockensmith, Stanley Kowalski, Robert A. Bambara

Law Faculty Scholarship

An investigation of the mechanism of the polAexl mutation in vitro suggested that the excision repair deficiency observed in vivo does not result from an inability of the enzyme to nick translate. The defect appears to reside in the inability of the enzyme to effectively generate a nick structure to serve as a substrate for DNA ligase.

Multiple Captures Of Peromyscus Le Uco Pus: Social Behavior In A Small Rodent, James M. Novak

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The capture of more than one individual in a live trap can often provide information on the social behavior of small mammals, but the conclusions drawn from these data will depend on the type of live trap used. Davis (1955) and Getz (1972) used multiple capture traps and analyzed their data with respect to attraction and repulsion of individuals both within and between different age and sex classes. Petersen (1975), Feldhamer (1977), Blaustein and Rothstein (1978), Jenkins and Llewellyn (1981) and Spencer et al. (1982) gained information on the formation of associations during foraging and dispersal from multip~ captures made …

Fisheries Report No 59 - Potential Fisheries Capability Of The Ord In The Short, Medium And Long Terms, Dr N. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

This report examines the history, future and problems of various methods for development and exploitation of the fisheries resources of the Ord.

The primary resource is the array of native fish and crustacean species, with the possible introduction of other desirable or noxious species being a subject for consideration.

Water resources, supporting these species, are the remaining natural Ord River downstream from the Diversion Dam at Kununurra, the stillwaters of Lake Kununurra and Lake Argyle, and, for aquaculture, the controlled distribution of water supply over the flat land of the irrigation system (Fig. 1). Another recognized resource is the climatic …

Phenotypic Differences Between Trientalis Borealis Raf. Plants From Adjoining Pine And Oak Communities In Concord, Massachusetts, Jane C. Bennett

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Dental Evolution Of The Meadow Vole In Mainland, Peninsular, And Insular Environments In Southern New England, Gordon K. Weddle, Jerry R. Choate

Fort Hays Studies Series

Accordingly, the objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the extent of variability (both quantitative and qualitative) in the dentitions of populations of Microtus inhabiting mainland, penisular, and insular environments; 2) to identify some of the selective forces that affect mainland and maritime populations of Microtus; 3) to examine Guthrie's hypothesis regarding the relationship between intensity of selection and variation.

A System Of World Mammal Faunal Regions Pt. 2.The Distance Decay Effect Upon Inter-Regional Affinities, Charles H. Smith

DLPS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A System Of World Mammal Faunal Regions Pt. 1. Logical And Statistical Derivation Of The Regions, Charles H. Smith

DLPS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Twenty-Two New Species Of Spiders For The Arkansas Checklist, Mary L. Beck, Peggy Rae Dorris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Prairie Phenology And Seed Germination, Donald E. Culwell, Robert Wright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Curatorial Notes From The Cryptogamic Herbarium At The University Of Central Arkansas, Jewel E. Moore

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Ua35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku Honors Program

WKU Administration Documents

The WKU Student Honors Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers are representative of work done by students from throughout the university.

• Albin, Bettye. John Dryden's Criticism: The Neglected Link
• Allen, Christopher. Martial Reflections: Ancient Cultures and Their War-Gods
• Case, Laura. Climatic Preference
• Deller, Kathy. Regression Analysis: The Effects of Advertising, Price, Income and Import Sales on American-Made Auto Sales
• Downing, Elizabeth. Dorothy Leigh Sayers: Detective of Literary Theory in The Mind of the Maker
• Elder, Janice. A Retrospective Study on Discharge Planning and Primiparas at Breckinridge Memorial
• Flora, Joan. Narcissism and the Need for …

The Ld50-The Beginning Of The End, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It has long been recognized that the LD50 measure (usually conducted using rats or mice) provides only a rough estimate of the acute toxicity of a chemical in humans. The Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry and the UK Chemical Industries Association have spoken out against the production of precise estimates of LD50 in rodents. However, the UK Home Office Report on the LD50 recommended that the LD50 should be allowed to continue. But scientific support for the test, as exemplified by recent papers in academic journals, has eroded significantly in the last few years.

The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Ethostasis – the effect of constraining husbandry practices on animal behavior – is described and discussed. The review describes specific husbandry practices that may give rise to behavioral anomalies and how these anomalous behaviors may be of diagnostic value. Ready identification may facilitate correcting problems leading to lower productivity, diseases, and economic losses.

A Different Approach To Horse Handling, Based On The Jeffery Method, Judith K. Blackshaw, Des Kirk, Sharib E. Cregier

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A method of horse training is discussed, which is based on an old technique known in Australia as the "Jeffery method." It uses several behavioral principles, including understanding horse behavior, reinforcement for desired behavior, and flight distance principles.

Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists. The survey focuses on pharmacologists and toxicologists, their use of laboratory animals, and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for developing and evaluating pharmaceutical substances. Most surveyed felt the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of non-sentient material in safety tests.

The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The behavior of twelve calves confined in crates was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 12-hour periods. These recordings were made at fortnightly intervals from approximately 2 to 16 weeks of age. In all, 864 hours of observations were recorded. The activities performed and the amount of time spent doing each are outlined. Circadian rhythms were mainly controlled by feeding time, although there was a difference between diurnal and nocturnal behavior. Individual calves varied in how they adapted to the restricted environment. Individual personality profiles and data on the ontogeny of behavior under these conditions are presented. At ten weeks of …

Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adopting alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside the biomedical community. This paper aimed to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Chemical safety testing is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporating alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to the limitations of alternatives in use currently, there is still a considerable need for …

Biological Control Of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox: A Preliminary Strategy, Edward W. West, Robert L. Rudd

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The intentional introduction of exotic animals can generally be expected to yield unanticipated biological consequences. Single-purpose introductions frequently result in ecological catastrophe. Islands are particularly vulnerable to such assault. Arctic foxes [Alopex lagopus), released for fur farming on the Aleutian Islands, formerly devoid of land predators, have significantly altered nesting avifaunal diversity, abundance, and productivity. A program for restoring the historical distribution and abundance of critically affected bird species is described. In a long-term study, biological control methods are proposed to test the hypothesis that introduced sterile red foxes [Vulpes fulva), apparently, a competitively superior species, will markedly …

Book Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Fox reviews two books. The first is a collection of papers from the First Conference on Scientific Perspectives in Animal Welfare organized by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. The second book is All that Dwell Therein. Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics by Tom Regan.

The Ld50--The Beginning Of The End, Andrew N. Rowan

Experimentation Collection

Measurement is very important in science. Early lessons in the science classroom involve teaching students to measure lengths, volumes, weights, specific gravities and anything else within the mental and economic compass of the teacher. At the same time, the question of significance is drummed into the students' heads. Thus, if one has a meter-rule which is subdivided into centimeters (but not millimeters), one is taught that the measurement of its length to one decimal point (for example, 10.3 em) is acceptable, but that the addition of any more figures (for example, 10.325 em) is mere braggadocio. The eye can only …

Thoughtful Use Of Animals, Hyram Kitchen

Experimentation Collection

As part of a symposium held in Cincinnati entitled, "Ethical Issues Related to the Use of Research Animals," I was asked by the program director to consider whether further legislation regarding the use of animals might be necessary to ensure more thoughtful use of animals at universities. The following is my response.

Abundance And Distribution Of Large Mammals In The Upper Ogun Game Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria, T. A. Afolayan, K. R. N. Milligan, S. O. Salami

Nature Collection

In this study, three indirect methods [counts of animal droppings, footprints, and tracks) were used as indices to estimate the abundance and distribution of large mammals in the Upper Ogun Game Reserve, which is located in a typical Southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Thirteen animal species were recorded; kob, bushbuck, hartebeest, roan antelope and duicker were the most abundant. The distribution of large mammals appears to be controlled by several factors: accessibility to the River Ogun [the main source of water in the reserve), availability of food and cover, and the extent of illegal hunting.

An analysis of questionnaires …

The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox

Ethology Collection

The solution of animal problems that occur on the farm requires a holistic and multidisciplinary orientation and analysis, as well as the acquisition of new investigatory tools by both veterinarians and animal scientists. Field studies may be modeled under more controlled laboratory conditions, but the most relevant investigations must take place on the farm, and the first level of analysis should be ethological. Domestic animal behavior can be monitored and quantified like any other factor in the animals' environment; yet it has been virtually ignored in the development of new livestock husbandry systems.

The relationships between husbandry systems, disease problems, …

Feral Dogs Of The Galapágos Islands: Impact And Control, Bruce D. Barnett, Robert L. Rudd

Ecology Collection

Organisms introduced onto insular ecosystems, after they have become established, frequently increase to destructive numbers. Several species of mammals introduced onto the Galapagos Islands illustrate this ecological axiom. For example, domestic dogs intentionally introduced now exist as three major types: domestic, free--ranging or pariah, and feral. Problems derived from their presence are most apparent on the islands of Santa Cruz and lsabela. Feral and pariah dogs are both scavengers and predators. While other introduced mammals (chiefly feral cattle and pigs) have served as prey, in recent years severe depredations on the unique endemic Ga/apagan fauna have been caused by the …

Stray-Dog Control In Cyprus: Primitive And Humane Methods, Kyriacos Polydorou

Hunting Collection

In Cyprus, a dog control scheme was started in 1971 within the context of an all-inclusive anti-echinococcosis campaign. At the time, it was estimated that there were more than 100,000 dogs in the island, almost all of which were strays (even many of those that were purportedly "owned"]. These had been identified as infectious agents of echinococcosis in Cyprus (the average surgical incidence in humans, over the 30-year period prior to 1970, was 12.9/100,000]. The destruction of stray dogs is accomplished by using guns that fire a syringe containing a euthanizing drug. In the past (prior to 1970), various inhumane …

Genetic Adaptation And Welfare, J. Van Rooijen

Genetics Collection

Beilharz says: "The evolutionary processes, if they are not obstructed or misdirected, must lead to such a degree of adaptation that welfare will have to be taken for granted, just as we can do no better than to take for granted the welfare of any wild animal in its natural habitat." From this statement, one might conclude all we have to do is wait, and the animals will eventually adapt to intensive systems. Concerning animals put into new kinds of environments, he states that, if individuals do not have the capacity to adjust phenotypically, "adaptation of the population will require …

Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth

Experimentation Collection

This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists, specifically pharmacologists and toxicologists, on the use of laboratory animals and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for the development and evaluation of pharmaceutical substances. The majority of those surveyed felt that the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests, but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of nonsentient material in safety tests.

Selecting A Spay/Neuter Program For Animal Control In The City Of Charlotte, Diane Quisenberry, Mary Elizabeth Clapp

Hunting Collection

The City of Charlotte, NC, in attempting to determine the best kind of program for reducing its increasing populations of unwanted dogs and cats, examined a full range of possible options for limiting these populations. Five measures for population control were considered: spay/neuter surgery, euthanasia, physical restraint, mechanical contraception, and chemical contraception. It was concluded that a spay/neuter program that incorporated educational and legislative components would be the most effective means of large-scale population control, although other methods like euthanasia would still have to be used. Based on a survey of a number of cities with spay/neuter programs in place, …

A Survey Of Animal Behavior-Related Research And Teaching Activities In North American Agricultural And Veterinary Medical Colleges, W. R. Stricklin

Ethology Collection

A letter questionnaire was used to survey animal behavior-related research and teaching efforts in U.S.A. and Canadian university animal sciences departments (agriculture) and veterinary medical colleges. The objectives of the eleven questions of the survey were to identify behavior workers and to determine the current and planned levels of emphasis on research and teaching activities in domestic animal behavior. During 1981, questionnaires were mailed to 162 deans and chairmen, and 102 were answered and returned. Twenty-three persons were identified as having appointments specifically or primarily in animal behavior, and 99 persons were identified as having appointments that had some responsibilities …