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Anoxia And Re-Oxygenation At Colder Temperatures In Goldfish (Carassius Auratus): Effects On Oxidative Stress And Metabolites, Matthew E. Trzcinski

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Under the ice of ponds and lakes, goldfish (Carassius auratus) can survive weeks of anoxia at low temperatures by conserving ATP and by reducing their metabolic rate and relying on liver glycogen stores to meet their ATP demands using glycolysis. The following period of re-oxygenation is also known to be damaging in most vertebrates because it can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Anoxia tolerant vertebrates such as the goldfish and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) accumulate reduced molecules with anoxia, overwhelming the …

Exploring Mating Patterns: The Interplay Of Genes, Environment, And Their Evolutionary Outcomes, Sanduni Talagala

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

There is great variation in the reproductive tactics exhibited both between and within different species, which is reflected in how individuals engage in mate assessment, mate choice and offspring production. It is therefore important to understand general mating patterns of populations, the factors that influence these mating patterns, and the consequences they carry, in order to get a more holistic understanding of mating systems. This doctoral research represents a multi-pronged investigation of the factors shaping mating patterns and their consequences, how environmental factors influence mating patterns, and how both genotypes and the environment interact to influence mate choice decisions and …

Inductions Of Long-Term Potentiation With Biomimetic Electromagnetic Fields In Primary Neurons, Cooper E. Kansala

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Endogenous brain rhythms guide neural communication and plasticity, raising the question of whether weak, temporally structured electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that mimic these rhythms can modulate neuronal activity in a targeted, biomimetic manner. This thesis investigates whether patterned EMFs designed to reflect the temporal structure of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) are more effective at inducing neural plasticity than conventional sinusoidal fields or no stimulation at all. Cortical neurons cultured from postnatal rats were exposed to patterned EMFs for 30 minutes and assessed across three distinct experimental domains. In Chapter 2, microelectrode array (MEA) recordings revealed that the LTP-patterned field significantly increased …

Decoding Tattoo And Permanent Makeup Pigments: Linking Physicochemical Properties To Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And Elimination Profiles Using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (Qsar)-Based New Approach Methodologies (Nams), Girija Bansod, Ajay Vikram Singh, Preeti Bhardwaj, Tulika Rai, Sweta Vijay Nakhale, Amruta Shelar, Rajendra Patil, Peter Laux, Andreas Luch, Christopher J. Osgood, Michael W. Stacey

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The safety and quality of tattoo and permanent makeup (PMU) pigments are subject to increased scrutiny due to their potential to cause adverse effects like anaphylaxis, photoallergic responses, and long-term toxicity. These undesirable reactions governed by their chemical structure possess varied physicochemical properties and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) characteristics. These properties control the pigment behavior during application, stability, and interaction with human tissue. The correlation between these physicochemical characteristics and ADME parameters of tattoo/PMU pigments remain under-explored despite the current advances in toxicology. Our study aims to address and bridge the gap by leveraging open-access QSAR computational toxicology …

#Obsessed Get Ready With Me: A Day In The Life With Ocd, Jordan Herrera

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

Scientific Kenyon: Neuroscience Edition (Full Issue)

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

Dissociative Amnesia: Why Our Brains Make Us Forget, Ruby Hutchins

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

Through Rose-Colored Lenses: How Color Perception Shapes Our Daily Lives, Ronan Daly

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

You're A Legacy! Understanding Intergenerational Trauma And Epigenetics, Kiersten Hoffmann

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

Kenyon College Neuroscience Department Faculty And Staff

Scientific Kenyon: The Neuroscience Edition

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Red Sea Crisis’S Supply Chain Disruption Impacts On The Shipping Industry, Po-Hsing Tseng, Nick Pilcher

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Since October 7, 2023, the Houthi militia in Yemen has continuously attacked Israel and its nearby ships in the Red Sea. This crisis has impacted on global ship operations, freight rates, and shipping networks, since this conflict seriously affects the international trade between Europe and Asia and brings many unpredictable butterfly effects (e.g. supply chain disruption, and high transportation costs in shipping and air cargo). This papero explores its impact on the supply chain and suggests potential solutions;, and to consider perceptions on who should be responsible for the crisis, and who will actually shoulder the responsibility for the crisis. …

Apply Cluster Analysis To Improve Interpretation Of Ert Images, Yin-Chun Hung, Yu-Xiang Zhao

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The completeness and accuracy of collecting and investigating geotechnical and marine engineering geological conditions are key to the success or failure of engineering development. Traditional marine engineering and geotechnical surveys often require the assistance of geophysical methods to fully present the geological conditions. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is an advanced geophysical method that produces accurate cross-sections of underground resistivity. Although 2D ERT has been widely used in geotechnical engineering and marine engineering, many uncertainties remain hidden behind the vivid and colorful resistivity profiles. To apply 2D ERT profiles effectively in geotechnical and marine geological surveys and monitoring, it is essential …

Beyond Basic Needs : Exploring The Antecedents And Outcomes Of Seafarers’ Well-Being, Chian Liou, Cheng Kuo Sung, Kimberly Hsiu-Chin Lee, Jiunn Liang Guo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Given the importance of seafarers’ mental health and the limited literature on this topic, this study aims to explore the causes and consequences of seafarers’ well-being. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis. Consistent with the predictions of the happy and productive worker thesis, this study found that the more satisfied the seafarers are with the shipping company’s seafarer policy, the higher their well-being tends to be, leading to a more positive work attitude. Interestingly, the study found that a company effect is significantly present in this correlation; that …

Racial-Ethnic Differences In The Associations Between Functional Disabilities And Subsequent Depression Among Community-Dwelling Midlife And Older Adults In The Us, Debasree Das Gupta, Uma Kelekar, Kallol Kumar Bhattacharyya, Sidney Carl Turner

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The intersection of race/ethnicity with disability is a critical dimension of mental health outcomes in later ages that remains under-investigated.

Objective: We examined the role of race-ethnicity in moderating the associations between functional disabilities and subsequent depression among Americans 51 and older and stratified into the two age-groups of midlife (51-64) and older adults (≥65).

Methods: Using a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling Americans (≥51; n=7,475) in the 2016-2018 Health and Retirement Study, we conducted bivariate and multivariable regression analyses. Racial-ethnic groups included non-Hispanic (NH) Black, Hispanic, and NH White and a binary (0/1) outcome defined subsequent depression in …

Colorblind Racial Attitudes Mediates The Association Between The Internalization Of Model Minority Myth Attitudes And Tolerance, Talal Ali

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The model minority myth is the belief that Asian Americans are generally more intelligent and more hardworking than other minority groups. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between belief in the model minority myth and anti-Black sentiment in White Americans. However, there is little literature on the relationship between belief in the model minority myth and anti-Black sentiment in Asian Americans. With this in mind, we plan to determine whether the internalization of the model minority myth in Asian Americans has a relationship with anti- Black sentiment. This relationship is being measured by the IM-4 Scale (which measures the internalization …

Characterization Of Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 2 In Stress-Regulating Regions Of The Mouse Brain, Jennifer J. Lafrican

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Sex differences in the morphology of the brain are thought to underlie the sex differences we see in anxiety and depression, where women are twice as likely to be diagnosed when compared to men. Stress, or a disruption to homeostasis, can exacerbate these mood disorders. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), and its receptors, play an important role in regulating the stress response. Binding of CRF with CRFR2 has been shown to reduce behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses, yet whether there are sex differences in CRFR2 expressing neurons and stress-induced activation of these neurons in mice is unknown, in part due to …

Mdma Enantiomers: An Exploration Into 5-Ht2ar Necessity In Non-Hallucinogen Induced Frontal Cortex Plasticity, Maya C. Gaines-Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has gained increasing attention as a potential psychotherapeutic, particularly for psychiatric disorders that have proven to be resistant to traditional treatments. Despite its growing popularity, the complete neurobiological mechanism of MDMA enantiomers, as well as the role of sex in these mechanisms, remains to be fully elucidated. Current ongoing research implicates agonism of the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR) and neuroplastic growth in the success of other psychoactive and hallucinogenic pharmacotherapeutics, highlighting the importance of understanding the role that the 5-HT_2AR plays in the therapeutic mechanism of action of MDMA enantiomers. The culmination …

Scopolamine-Induced Modulation Of Serotonin And Dopamine Transporters Activity: Behavioral And Molecular Insights Into Rapid Antidepressant Action, Deepak Karunakaran

Theses and Dissertations

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects over 350 million individuals worldwide and is characterized by profound dysregulation of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems that govern mood, reward processing, and motivation. The serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT), both dynamically regulated through phosphorylation, serve as critical determinants of synaptic monoamine signaling. Despite decades of therapeutic development, current antidepressants require 4-6 weeks to achieve efficacy, and approximately one-third to half of patients develop treatment-resistant depression. The emergence of rapid-acting antidepressants like ketamine represents a paradigmatic shift, demonstrating symptom relief within hours; however, ketamine's therapeutic potential remains constrained by abuse liability, dissociative …

L-Theanine Modulates Stress Physiology And Immunology In Nile Tilapia, Sammie Miller, Lindee Mason, Shah Sumaiya Khaled, Elena Deng, Ahmed Mustafa

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Background: Fish are a prominent food source within the growing aquaculture industry, particularly within recirculating aquaculture systems, to alleviate global hunger demands. Diminishing detrimental stress conditions such as overcrowding prevalence and chemical toxins remain a primary goal. Nutraceuticals, particularly L-theanine, pose a natural alternative solution to alleviate these conditions. The amino acid L-theanine was scrutinized as a potential nutraceutical additive within commercial feed within the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, subjected to stress and unstressed in-vivo conditions.

Methods: To accomplish this, both 0.004% of body weight of L-theanine and 0.01% of body weight of hydrocortisone were implemented into feed …

Nature, Nurture, And Serial Murder: A Biocriminological Analysis Of Jeffrey Dahmer And Aileen Wuornos, Dori W. Jal

Honors Thesis

In recent years, there has been an increase in public fascination with serial killers, however current criminological explanations continue to focus on social and psychological factors, lacking commentary on potential biological implications. This thesis addresses a gap in the literature by examining how biological processes, specifically epigenetic, neurobiological, and endocrinological mechanisms, interact with environmental stressors to shape serial homicidal behavior. The goal is to determine whether serial murder can be more effectively understood through a biosocial framework that integrates biological vulnerability with lived experience, rather than relying on singular explanatory models.

Using a qualitative multiple-case study methodology, this research analyzes …

"On The Mat They Will Get Treated The Same": Male High School Wrestlers' Attitudes Towards Female Opponents, Emily Ann Kaht

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Wrestling has historically been considered a male sport. Until recently, so few girls wrestled that those who did had no choice but to take on male opponents. Media reports and the literature indicate that those girls faced a wide range of attitudes from their opponents. While some women reported feeling supported by their male teammates, others reported hostility. Some stakeholders have, in the past, argued that wrestling is inherently unsuitable for girls, and some girls had trouble securing matches due to widespread refusal of boys to wrestle against them. Reasons given for boys forfeiting against girls have included a fear …

Barriers To Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among College Students, Ben Andrew Winfield

Masters Theses

Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide. In general, people eat more and exercise less, with a lot of individuals not meeting World Health Organization recommendation of 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity weekly. At times, individuals may face barriers which prevent or inhibit their ability to participate in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), exercise completed in one’s free time. These barriers are known as leisure constraints and are comprised of three categories: intrapersonal, feelings and psychological aspects; interpersonal, relationship aspects; and structural, physical aspects. Body image, the perception individuals have about their bodies and …

Evaluation Of Strip-Tillage And Banded Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer For Corn Production In Eastern South Dakota, Charles N. Tesch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In South Dakota, the adoption of no-till and other conservation tillage practices has grown in recent years. However, conventional tillage is still a common practice in the eastern third of the state, negatively affecting soil health and the environment. Strip-tillage has gained interest in this region as a way to transition to conservation tillage while retaining some benefits of conventional tillage. Strip-tillage also provides the ability to subsurface band nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers within the tillage strip, potentially improving nutrient accessibility and recovery while reducing environmental risks. This study aimed to investigate (i) the effects of …

Guts, Glory, And Gain: Exploring The Multifaceted Influences Of Physical Activity Behavior Among Adults With Crohn's Disease, Whitney Neal

All ETDs from UAB

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting approximately 1 million individuals in the United States. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, complications such as arthralgia, sacroiliitis, and osteopenia may diminish physical fitness and exacerbate disease burden. Physical activity is a promising complementary, non-invasive strategy for managing Crohn’s disease, yet few studies have examined outcomes across the entire activity continuum from sedentary behavior to vigorous exercise. This study sought to provide a nuanced understanding of activity patterns in adults with Crohn’s disease (n=47) by comparing them with age-, socioeconomic status-, and sex-matched healthy controls (n=45), exploring Social …

Support Needs Of Agrarian Women To Build Household Livelihood Resilience: A Case Study Of The Mekong River Delta, Tran Thi Ngoc Tran

Dissertations

Problem

Rural livelihood faces significant challenges due to the increasing frequency and severity of climate change impacts. However, the development of women’s livelihood resilience remains constrained by gender-blind policies, limited sex-disaggregated data, and a lack of integration of gender-specific needs and priorities in resilience-building interventions. This study aims to address these critical gaps. This study aims at exploring the perceived support needs of rural agrarian women in building household livelihood resilience to climate change. Specifically, it seeks to (1) understand how household livelihood resilience is perceived by rural agrarian women, and (2) identify the support they require to effectively adapt …

Beyond Strong: A Phenomenology Of Women Executives And The Connection Between Leadership And Fitness, Nozomi Bullock

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Senior-level executive leaders’ work in a dynamic, competitive, 24/7 business environment can be physically rigorous, mentally demanding, and emotionally isolating. The same holds true for women pursuing senior-level leadership roles in corporate America. Women who achieve and succeed in such roles remain the minority: Outsiders in elite spaces who are held to higher standards and overly scrutinized. Among senior-level executive women leaders, those committed to a fitness and training regimen including weightlifting constitute an even smaller minority. Senior-level executive roles require stamina, resilience, and courage—qualities that make up the foundation of the mindset of fitness and strength training (Foyster et …

Weighted Family History Density Of Substance Use: Influence On Participant Substance Use Onset, Escalation, And Duration, Carleigh A. Litteral

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Substance use disorders impose a staggering toll on the United States (U.S.), straining healthcare systems, destabilizing communities, and profoundly impacting both individuals and families. Approximately one in six Americans aged 12 and older had a past-year substance use disorder in 2022 (Key Substance Use, 2022), and nearly one-third of adults experience a substance use disorder in their lifetime (Wu, 2010), contributing to an economic burden exceeding $400 billion annually (National Drug Threat Assessment, 2011). Family history of substance use disorders is a key predictor of vulnerability, with individuals who have affected relatives being 2–8 times more …

Exploring The Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of The Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus On Inhibitory Control In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Colton Rippey

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Background: The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is implicated in stop signal reaction time (SSRT) performance – a common measure of inhibitory control – and emotional expression and control. Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit poorer stop SSRT performance, which is associated with rIFG hypoactivity. Neuromodulation of the rIFG with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can significantly improve inhibitory control and reduce fearful responding to threatening stimuli. Research has yet to test the effects of multifocal tDCS targeting the rIFG on inhibitory control or emotional reactivity in individuals with PTSD.

Methods: The current study aims to examine the impact …

The Effects Of Plx 3397 On Fentanyl Escalation In Male And Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Jakob Shaykin

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Purpose: A hallmark characteristic of opioid use disorder (OUD) is a persons’ ‘loss of control’, which leads to the compulsion to seek and obtain opioids, resulting in increased consumption. This phenomenon is known as ‘escalation of drug intake’. Chronic opioid use causes microglial reactivity and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines leading to neuroinflammation, weakening one’s executive control over drug taking and ultimately leading to greater use. Previous research in our laboratory has explored heterogeneity of fentanyl intake in extended access (6-hr) sessions and identified distinct endophenotypes of fentanyl intake. Moreover, we have observed a positive correlation between Treml1 expression …

The Impact Of Lactobacillus Supplementation On Gut Microbiome Composition And Phage Induction In Mice, Kimia Boreiri

Dissertations

The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors a dense and dynamic community of microbes known as the gut microbiota, which plays vital roles in digestion, immunity, and overall health. Among these, probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus strains have garnered attention for their ability to influence microbial community structure and host physiology. This study investigated the effects of five Lactobacillus strains, Lactobacillus casei R1A482, Lactobacillus casei O3, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, and Lactobacillus paragasseri UMB1065, on the gut microbiome of Swiss Webster mice over a six-week feeding period. To reduce stress, mice were fed Lactobacillus strains using gelatin pellets …