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Visual Search And Selection Of Natural Stimuli In The Pigeon: The Attention Threshold Hypothesis, Alan B. Bond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

During visual search for samples of varying proportions of familiar, natural food grains displayed against a complex gravel background, pigeons exhibited “matching selection,” a tendency to overselect the more common grain. The matching selection effect was decreased at low levels of stimulus/background contrast and reversed when the grains were highly conspicuous. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that stimulus detectability should be enhanced by recent experience with a particular grain type, but they showed no convincing indications of a corresponding effect on the response criterion. An explanatory model, termed the attention threshold hypothesis, argues that the mean latency of …

Habitat Selection Related To Resource Availability Among Cavity-Nesting Birds, Timothy Brush

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Variation in snag species and abundance appeared to explain most of the habitat selection patterns observed in five cavity-nesting riparian species over a three-year period. All species except Ash-throated Flycatchers were most common in areas with cottonwood or willow snags, which have relatively soft wood and are preferred nest sites. Classification of habitats on the basis of nest-site characteristics was useful and should be considered in other habitat selection studies.

Iowa Academy Of Science Leadership Directory And Membership Roster, 1983-84, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Contents:

Board of Directors ... 3
Section Chairs ... 4
Section Vice Chairs ... 7
Committees ... 9
Award Recipients ... 21
Past Presidents ... 23
Constitution, Article III ... 24
Membership Roster ... 26

Aquatic Feeding By Moose: Seasonal Variation In Relation To Plant Chemical Composition And Use Of Mineral Licks, D. Fraser, B. K. Thompson, D. Arthur

Feeding Behavior Collection

Activity of moose (Alces alces) was studied at aquatic feeding areas and at natural, sodium-rich licks during four periods covering late May to early September. Aquatic feeding increased from period 1 (late May and early June) to period 2 (late June and early July) and had declined by late July. Major activity at mineral licks occurred earlier in the season than aquatic feeding, especially for males. Chemical composition of aquatic plants showed no seasonal changes corresponding to the peak of aquatic feeding in period 2, although the sodium content of some species declined in period 3. We suggest that moose …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 25 Number 3, Fall 1982, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - A CHRISTIAN IN A NUCLEAR WORLD by William C. Spohn, S.J. Exploring an issue crucial to our time from a Christian perspective.

13 - A TEACHER FOR ALL SEASONS by Paul L. Locatelli, S.J. Discussing the challenges and the relationship between teaching and scholarship that beset today's teachers.

16 - NO MORE PUNCH AND COOKIES 20 successful years at Santa Clara mean women's sports are here to stay.

18 - KRASSOWSKI ON COMMUNICATION by Jeanne Huber '72. Some suggestions on the art from one of the university's most skilled communicators.

21 - ON CONSERVATORSHIP by George J. Alexander. …

Parental Foraging In Chipping Sparrows (Spizella Passerina), Dora Elisa Perez

Masters Theses

During the breeding season of 1982, the population of Chipping Sparrows ( Spizella passerina) that inhabits the Western Michigan University's campus was chosen to study the use of foliage and other foraging sites. Three pairs were selected to be observed intensively.

During the time the female is foraging and when the male is either foraging or in territorial advertisement activities both sexes choose needleleaf trees out of proportion to their availability.

It is also likely that in the later stages of caring for young, when food demands were highest, the birds become less selective and forage on needleleaf trees as …

San José Studies, Fall 1982, San José State University Foundation

San José Studies, 1980s

Volume 8, Issue 3

Agricultural Experiment Station News October 1982

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
Grants, Contracts and Cooperative Agreements - FY 1982
New AES Leadership
SAHS SEZ
EXPERIMENT STATION SEMINAR
INSTRUMENT REPAIR SERVICE
NEW AND REVISED PROJECTS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
New Experiment Station Personnel
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - September 1982

Vol. 6 No. 1 (1982): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Vol. 6 No. 1 (1982): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Joseph P. Reser's Review Of R. L. Kirk's Aboriginal Man Adapting: The Human Biology Of Australian Aborigines, Joseph P. Reser

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Books Received And Book Notices, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Book Listing for the Vol 6, No 1 Fall Edition of the Pacific Studies Journal

The Effects Of Pentazocine And Tripelennamine On Analgesia And Locomotion, James Philip Cleary

Dissertations

The effects of pentazocine and tripelennamine, alone and in combination, were assessed on measures of analgesia (hot plate test) and locomotion (open field) in rats and mice. In Experiment 1, the combination of pentazocine and tripelennamine was found to produce analgesia at doses which were not analgesic when the drugs were given alone. This combination also reestablished analgesia in subjects made tolerant to pentazocine's effects. In Experiment 2, development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of pentazocine was delayed by addition of tripelennamine. In Experiment 3, locomotion was decreased by pentazocine at the highest dose. A similar reduction was produced …

Parallel-Arm Maze Performance Of Sighted And Blind Rats: Spatial Memory And Maze Structure, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Sighted and peripherally blinded groups of rats learned to obtain a small reward from each arm of an eight-arm parallel maze, and a sighted group was similarly trained on a radial maze. The parallel-sighted and parallel-blind groups were equally slow, and much slower than the radial-sighted group, to attain criterion performance. The three groups shared several response characteristics: selectively avoiding the most recently entered arms, frequently choosing adjacent arms, and an absence of 'spatial generalization' among the arms. The findings support a simple model proposing how subjects identify and choose among the maze-arms.

Compression Of The Duodenum By The Root Of The Mesentery, Peter A. Haas, Jawaid Akhtar, Lester Kobylak

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

Compression of the duodenum by the root of the mesentery is a rare pathological entity that has caused much controversy because it has been mistakenly identified as the "superior mesenteric artery syndrome" or the "vascular compression of the duodenum." We discuss the pathological anatomy and the diagnosis of the disease, and report an illustrative case. Some authors report many cases of the syndrome, while others doubt its existence. Before surgery is considered, the diagnosis should be established beyond doubt and a prolonged period of observation, medical treatment, and nutritional support should be provided. The barium contrast swallowing test combined with …

Dietary Compliance In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Dorine T. Lam

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Poor adherence to dietary instructions is a critical problem in nutritional care. This study points out the level of adherence that can be achieved over a relatively long period of time among chronically ill outpatients and the usefulness of the 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire in assessing compliance.

Twenty two rheumatoid arthritis patients volunteered to enroll in this pilot diet study, fifteen remained with the study for the stipulated period of 18 months. The study consisted of three parts: an initial six month baseline period (Period I), a six-month experimental period (Period II) in which the patients' diet …

Pharmacokinetic Assessment Of The Influence Of Dietary Fiber On The Absorption And Disposition Of Selected Model Xenobiotics As It Relates To Colon Cancer, Joseph Donald Debethizy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Selected drugs are being utilized as models of putative colon carcinogens in a study of the influence of major types of dietary fiber upon drug pharmacokinetics. Adult, male Wistar rats were pretreated with standardized, isocaloric hydrated gelatin diets containing no fiber or 15% (w/w) cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose (metamucil), or pectin for 30 days. An additional group was fed lab chow ad libitum as a reference control.

The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen, FD & C Red No. 2 and mirex were examined following oral administration in three separate experiments. Among fiber types, pectin and hemicellulose (Metamucil) caused higher peak plasma concentrations of …

Use And Evaluation Of The Nutrient Density Concept For Assessing The Impact Of Socioeconomic Factors On Nutritional Quality Of Diets, Carol Thompson Windham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Data from 7285 individual participants in the USDA Spring Nationwide Food Consumption Survey were analyzed using the nutrient density concept and multiple regression procedures to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on the nutritional quality of foods consumed. For each socioeconomic group the average daily amount of nutrients consumed per 1000 kcal of food consumed were computed and compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances which had been converted to single-value nutrient allowances per 1000 kcal. This nutrient density approach identified qualitative patterns of food consumption for selected income, region, urbanization, household size, race, employment and education groups as well as …

The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 16-17, 1982 [Program, 94th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

No abstract provided.

Predation By Wild Coyotes: Behavioral And Ecological Analyses, Michael C. Wells, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Predatory behavior of coyotes (Canis latrans) was studied between 1977 and 1980 in the Grand Teton National Park, Jackson, Wyoming. Major prey were voles (Microtus spp.), Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus), pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), and grasshoppers (Locustidae). Coyotes typically rushed and ran down squirrels; when hunting mice, coyotes pounced and stabbed at them with their forepaws. Sequence structure was similar, though sequences directed to squirrels were significantly more variable. When juvenile coyotes hunted mice, sequences were similar to those performed by adults that hunted mice. Adults and juveniles were about equally successful. The size of prey last eaten influenced …

Sugar: The Effects It Has On Classroom Behavior, Lou Anderholt

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Laboratory Animals: Unification Of Legislation In Europe, H. Rozemond

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A committee of experts, Comite Ad Hoc pour Ia Protection des Animaux (CAHPA), has been convened by the Council of Europe to prepare a European convention on the protection of laboratory animals. The chief goal of the Council of Europe is to implement peaceful cooperation concerning cultural, economic, and social affairs in Europe. Matters of military concern are excluded. The countries represented on the Council include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greece, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Turkey, Sweden, and Switzerland. The Council holds conventions on various topics …

Meetings & Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The first international meeting on the Human/Companion Animal Bond was held at the University of Pennsylvania during October 5-7, 1981. The meeting brought together persons concerned about animal welfare and a broad spectrum of healthcare professionals. Two symposia were held in Europe in late 1981 (The Netherlands and Sweden) on the LD50 test. In October 1981, a symposium was organized in Switzerland on using animals in research and testing. At the end of 1981, the National Society for Medical Research organized an “adjunct” methods seminar. Finally, the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare organized a conference on the regulation of animal …

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The idea of new federal regulation on the care and use of animals in research is no longer novel; bills that would control and refocus the conduct of animal experimentation in the U.S. have been pending since the last session of Congress. Last autumn, however, a new phase in the process began. On 13-14 October 1981, the House Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology held information-gathering public hearings to evaluate existing bills and possibly formulate its own legislation.

Letter To Editor: M.W. Fox Response To Allan's Letter To Editor, M. W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

I have never condoned animal studies of learned helplessness that entail significant physical and psychological trauma - such as five milliamperes of inescapable electrical shock repeated at intervals for several days. I have also forcefully criticized psychologists (Fox, 1981, Psychopharmacol. Bull. 17:80-84) for poor experimental design and needless repetition.

Letter To Editor: Journal Editorial Vindicates Vivisectionists, Pat Allan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

M.W. Fox's editorial, "The 'Show Dog' Syndrome" (IJSAP 3(1):3, 1982) cannot help but be extremely upsetting to any person who wants to see the particularly sadistic and useless experiments involving sentient beings recognized as such. I am referring to Fox's reference to Overmeier's "learned helplessness" experiments involving intense unavoidable electrical shock administered to dogs. Through reference to these kinds of experiments, Fox lends credibility to them; it would seem there is no other way to understand the "show dog" syndrome from a scientific perspective. Fox therefore

validates Overmeier's research and others who engage in similar research.

News And Analysis

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The section includes reports on the use of pound animals for research; EEC standards for battery cages for laying hens; a declaration that fish are considered to be animals in Massachusetts, the rescue of dogs from research in Maryland; determining wildlife populations in Virginia; the tuna-dolphin controversy; the protection of laboratory animals; animal experimentation in the UK; the AVMA Animal Welfare Committee; broiler chicken welfare; ignorance regarding wildlife in the USA, the Ames Test as an alternative; the ban on sperm whale hunting; and an analysis of alternatives research supported by the NIH.

Ethical Issues And Future Directions In Wildlife Management, John W. Grandy

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Recent progress in the protection of wildlife and wildlife refuges is currently being undermined by the efforts of James Watt, U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who believes that commercial interests should take precedence over the preservation of pristine wilderness areas and wildlife sanctuaries. As populations approach extinction because of programs like decimation of habitats and predator control, the consequent loss is more than simply aesthetic: genetic material unique to each species will be lost forever. Particular issues of immediate concern are the fate of bobcats and whales, inhumane trapping, and the Endangered Species Act. As a longer-term concern, wildlife management's …

Some Thoughts On The Laboratory Cage Design Process, Margaret E. Wallace

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A block to progress in the design of cages and other restricted environments for animals has been the notion that animal and human needs are necessarily in conflict. The design process should list the established and suspected animal needs separately from human needs- husbandry and experimental. Comparison of the two lists will often show more compatible needs than expected, and design features can be worked out to fulfill them. Adjustments may be made where needs are less compatible until "sufficient" compatibility is achieved. An innovative design for a mouse cage is described to show that this process can lead to …

Deep Woodchip Litter: Hygiene, Feeding, And Behavioral Enhancement In Eight Primate Species, Arnold S. Chamove, James R. Anderson, Susan C. Morgan-Jones, Susan P. Jones

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Sixty-seven animals from eight primate species were used to assess improved husbandry techniques. The presence of woodchips as a direct-contact litter decreased inactivity and fighting and increased time spent on the ground. Placing food in the deep litter led to further behavioral improvement. Frozen foods improved distribution and reduced fighting in most situations, especially when buried in the litter. With time, the litter became increasingly inhibitory to bacteria. The results suggest that inexpensive ways of increasing environmental complexity are effective in improving housing for primates.