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Efficacy Of Probiotics In Decreasing Rates Of Necrotizing Enterocolitis And Sepsis In Preterm Neonates, Valisa K. Teekadharry

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: The incidence of preterm infants developing serious infections is a common finding in many neonatal intensive care units. Probiotics have been a supplement that has been used by numerous people to improve the microbiota of the intestine for prevention of infection.

Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to explore the efficacy of using probiotics in preterm infants for prevention of serious infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Lindell Library, Pub Med, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Using the search terms probiotics, probiotics in premature infants, probiotics and …

Impact Of Partial Oil Removal On Energy Content Of Distillers Grains Plus Solubles For Finishing Cattle, Jordan E. Burhoop, J. L. Sperber, Curt J. Bittner, F. Henry Hilscher, J. C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments evaluated the impact of the reduction in the percentage of corn oil remaining in distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) after the ethanol plant de-oiling process or by adding corn oil back to DGS following de-oiling on finishing cattle performance and nutrient digestion. Experiment 1 utilized 320 yearling steers (initial BW = 413 kg; SD = 25 kg) fed in 32 pens (10 steers/pen) and assigned to one of four treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment). The four treatments consisted of a blended DRC:HMC corn control diet (CON), de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles included at 40% of diet DM …

Microbial Phosphate Solubilization Mechanisms In P Solubilizing In Andisol, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Tengku Sabrina, Abdul Rauf, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Phosphate (P) nutrient plays a significant role in plant growth and yield. P is an essential element that plays an important role in photosynthesis and root development. Phosphate nutrient availability is deficient in some soil types due to retention, such as in Andisol soil types. High phosphate retention in Andisol soil types causes P nutrients to be unavailable to plants and can reduce crop yields. The availability of P in Andisol soils can be done, among others, by applying phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are soil microorganisms consisting of bacteria and fungi that can mineralize organic P, dissolve inorganic …

Corneal Epithelial Tissue Engineering Approaches To Treat Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency, Sasirekha K

Theses and Dissertations

A clear healthy cornea is essential for visual acuity. As a self-renewing and regenerating tissue, the corneal epithelium has a stem cell pool, the limbus that acts as its proliferative reservoir. When limbal epithelial stem cells are destroyed or become dysfunctional, a pathological state known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) manifests. Damaged corneas have been successfully reconstructed by transplanting the cultured limbal epithelial stem cells. Limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) is one of the applicable and most challenging procedures in clinical ophthalmology for the reconstruction of the stratified ocular surface epithelium in patients with LSCD. Given the above challenge, …

A Social Media Game To Increase Physical Activity Among Older Adult Women: Protocol Of A Randomized Controlled Trial To Evaluate Challenge, Michael C Robertson, Maria Chang Swartz, Karen M Basen-Engquist, Yisheng Li, Kristofer Jennings, Debbe Thompson, Tom Baranowski, Elena Volpi, Elizabeth J Lyons

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Older adult women often do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA) and can encounter biological changes that exacerbate the negative effects of inadequate activity. Wearable activity monitors can facilitate PA initiation, but evidence of sustained behavior change is lacking. Supplementing wearable technologies with intervention content that evokes enjoyment, interest, meaning, and personal values associated with PA may support long term adherence. In this paper, we present the protocol of an NIA-funded study designed to evaluate the efficacy of CHALLENGE for increasing step count and motivation for PA in insufficiently active older women (Challenges for Healthy Aging: Leveraging Limits …

The Effects Of A High-Fat Meal Challenge With Polyphenol And Fiber On Postprandial Insulin And C-Peptide In Prediabetics: A Pilot Study, Gabrielle Richards

Masters Theses, 2020-current

The purpose of the present study was to understand the effects of varying levels of polyphenols and fiber on postprandial C-peptide and insulin levels after consumption of a high fat, high sugar meal (HFHSM) in prediabetic individuals. All subjects were diagnosed as pre-diabetic within 3 months of the start date of the study by a medical professional or were screened as meeting one of the criteria for prediabetes by researchers within the James Madison Human Performance Lab by a HbA1c (5.7-6.4%), fasting glucose (100-126 mg/dL), or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 140-199 mg/dL). After an overnight fast, five females …

Morphological Characterization, Seed Production, And Oil Content Of Several Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus (D.C.) Stapf.) Line, Adi Setiadi, Cheppy Syukur, Idam Holid, Lindiana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass, is a perennial herb widely cultivated for its culinary, medicinal, and aromatic industries. This research investigates the morphological characterization and potential yield of different lemongrass lines. The study involved the collection of diverse lemongrass genotypes from various geographic regions in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications. Morphological character observations encompass both quantitative and qualitative characters of plants. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, and number of tillers were measured to assess the variations among the genotypes. The results revealed considerable variability …

A Systematic Review: Longevity And Quality Of Life In Blue Zones, Salmaan Mulla

Theses and Graduate Projects

Ikaria, Loma Linda, Sardinia, Okinawa, and Nikoya. These 5 cities around the world are famed for their increased longevity and quality of life and are termed “Blue Zones”. Blue zones are areas around the world noted for their population of centenarians, overall long life expectancy and high quality of life compared to the average population. Studying these communities offer insights into the commonalities they share to better understand the unique aspects of living a healthy, fulfilling and long life. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, with the search terms “Ikaria, Greece longevity; Loma Linda, California longevity; Sardinia, …

The Effect Of Various Doses Of Gamma Ray Irradiation On Growth And Chlorophyll Changes Of Three Adlay Genotypes, Warid Ali Qosim, Anas, Suseno Amien, Meddy Rachmadi, Sidik Ramdani, Romi Zamhir Islami

Jurnal Kultivasi

Adlay has great potential to be developed into an alternative food source in Indonesia because it contains carbohydrates and high fat. The aim was to effect of various doses of gamma-ray irradiation on growth,chlorophyll changes, and determination of lethal dose (LD50) three adlay genotypes in M1 generation. This study was conducted by using the experimental quantitative method without design. The material used consists of three adlay genotypes, including genotypes #28, #37, and #38. The seeds were treated with 0 Gy (control), 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, and 500 Gy doses of gamma-ray irradiation by the Research Center …

Evaluation Of Padjadjaran Maize Hybrids In Intercropping System With Soybeans Under Albasia Shade, Yuyun Yuwariah, Audi Razaqa Soendajana, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Dedi Ruswandi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Intercropping between maize and soybean has been known to be widely practiced by subsistence farmers. Some farmers do intercropping in production forests and there are no scientific data about it. The aims of the study were to evaluate the growth and yield of Padjadjaran maize hybrids and to estimate Land Equivalent Ratio, Competitive Ratio, and Stress Tolerance Index under intercropping of maize and soybeans under the shade of Albasia. The experiment was carried out from January to June 2021 in Tanjungsari, Sumedang Regency with an altitude of 818 m above sea level. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) …

Effect Of Biochar Composition And Paclobutrazol Concentration On Growth And Yield Of G1 Medians Cultivar Potato Seeds In Jatinangor Medium Plain, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Zahira Salsabilla Idris Putri, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Potato seed production in the medium plain is necessary to avoid environmental damage and the limited area of potato seed production in the high plain. The effort to increase the production of G1 potato seeds on the medium plain is the evaluation of the biochar composition and concentration of paclobutrazol that can increase the production G1 potato seeds cv Medians in the medium plain of Jatinangor. The research was conducted from August to December 2022 at the Ciparanje Experimental Field. Jatinangor. Faculty of Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the …

Chinese Tallow Long-Term Impact On Stand Dynamics In A Bottomland Hardwood Forest Following Vegetation Management, Nicklaus R. Langlois

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) is an invasive tree known to have negative impacts on bottomland hardwood forests. Chinese tallow is proficient in reproducing and surviving in bottomland hardwood forests because it is more flood and shade tolerant than most native trees. The long-term effectiveness of Chinese tallow control is an important topic to research as only a few long-term studies of Chinese tallow control have been conducted. A 10-year re-measurement of 22 paired plots installed in 2012 on the Pineywoods Mitigation Bank near Diboll, Texas following herbicide treatments examined Chinese tallow and native tree stand structure. Each …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (Nades) For Extraction Of Bioactive Compounds From Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit, Melek Zor

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds found in high amounts in aronia fruit, three different extraction methods (classical, ultrasound, ultrasonic), three different traditional solvents (water, ethanol, acidified 80% methanol) as well as five different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used. Color indices as L*, a*, b*, C* and H° values, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total monomeric anthocyanin, total antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays) and phenolic compounds of aronia fruit extracts were analyzed. There were significant differences in the measured parameters depending on the extraction method and solvent type. Extracts in ultrasound extraction and classical …

Post-Activation Potentiation In Sprint Speeds Of Collegiate Male Soccer Players, Ronald J. Goubeaux Jr

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Post-activation potentiation is important to the field of strength and conditioning and athletics due to the possibility to elicit an increase in performance of the sport/activity. The purpose of this research study was to assess the efficacy of eliciting post-activation potentiation following a conditioning activity on the maximal running speed of male collegiate soccer players. 21 NCAA division I male soccer players performed supra-maximal quarter-squats as a conditioning activity prior to 2 max-effort sprints on the soccer field. Running speeds were measured using Sport Performance Traka GPS devices. 3 separate measurements compared the participants’ speeds which included a control measurement, …

Biostimulant-Mediated Cellular Repair By Improving Antioxidant Dynamics And Osmoregulation Against Metal Stress In Canola, Hina Kanwal, Iram Shoaib, Ali Noman, Muhammad Faisal Maqsood, Rashda Naheed, Omar Mahmoud Alzoubi, Mohamed Hashem, Rehab Elnour, Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr, Noreen Khalid, Muhammad Kashif Irshad, Muhammad Aqeel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Global crop yield and growth are severely impacted by hazardous heavy metal contamination of the soil and water. This study examined the effects on a range of physiological, biochemical, and morphological parameters of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Punjab (V1) and Super (V2), when they were subjected to three different levels of cadmium (Cd) stress (0, 1.5, and 2.25 mM) and foliar application of biostimulant, i.e., Moringa leaf extract (MLE). Plants in V1 (Punjab) collect more Cd in both their aerial and subterranean sections than in V2 (Super).The morphological and physiological indicators showed a substantial (p < 0.05) deterioration as a result of the Cd buildup. Ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were considerably (p < 0.05) elevated under Cd stress. V1 has considerably higher H2O2 values than Super (V2), which suggests that oxidative stress levels there are higher. Additionally, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and peroxidase (65 and 40%, respectively), were reduced by a higher concentration of Cd (2.25 mM). V2 demonstrated stronger antioxidant defence mechanisms than V1, as seen by a 115% rise in POD activity, a 70% increase in shoot fresh weight, and a 49% increase in amino acids following MLE spray. Despite this, the V2 was still able to withstand Cd. Under Cd stress, foliar treatment of MLE increased both kinds' yield, growth, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The findings indicated that applying MLE foliar spray can improve crop productivity and lessen the impacts of metals on B. napus L.

Qtl Mapping For Fatty Acid Composition In Olive Oil Using A High-Density Genetic Map Based On Snp Markers, Ali̇ Can Kaya, Meryem İpek, Ahmet İpek, Mehmet Ali̇ Gündoğdu, Nesri̇n Aktepe Tangu, Sevi̇n Teoman Duran, Murat Şeker, Mustafa Akbulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree species that grows naturally in regions with Mediterranean climates. Its oil and fruits are commercially valuable. Olive oil contains high levels of omega-9 (oleic acid). Because the high percentage of oleic acid makes olive oil deterioration-resistant, the development of olive varieties containing high oleic acid is one of the major goals of olive breeding programs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fatty acid composition of olive oil. Thus, early selection of olive genotypes with a high oleic acid content can be possible. For the determination of QTLs …

Legal Regime Of The Application Process For Gmo Products In Türkiye, Ünal Yildiz, Özgür Temi̇z, Kami̇l Hali̇loğlu, Nesri̇n Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In Turkiye, in accordance with EU harmonization laws, Biosafety Act No. 5977 entered into force on 18.09.2010. The basic legislation regarding the application process is composed of the Biosafety Act, Regulations on Genetically Modified Organisms and Their Products, and Regulations on Working Procedures and Principles of Biosafety Board and Committees. Biosafety legislation foresees a special application procedure for GMO food, food products, feed, and other products. The application regulated in the Biosafety Law is a special administrative procedure in nature. The primary objective of this study is to explain the legal regime of this application procedure. While explaining this issue, …

Determination Of Dry Matter Yield, Some Morphological Characteristics And Rootworm Infestation In Local Sainfoin Populations, Zeynep Gül, Mustafa Tan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa L.) is a valuable forage plant which is drought resistant and has good nutritional value. However, for a long time, some rootworms that damage sainfoin have caused a decrease in its cultivation areas. As a result of many studies, a variety resistant to rootworms has not been developed yet. Local populations are of great importance in the studies to develop resistant varieties. This research was planned to determine the hay yield, forage quality, morphological characteristics and rootworm infestation of local sainfoin genotypes from 6 different villages in Erzurum province of Türkiye. The research was established in 2017 …

Quantitative Variation Of Phenolic Compounds In Different Tissues Of Pistachio(Pistacia Vera L. Cv. Uzun) Associated With Alternate Bearing, Müjgan Güney, Muhammet Ali̇ Gündeşli̇, Murat Güney, Nesi̇be Ebru Kafkas, Sali̇h Kafkas, Zeynep Ergün

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Alternate bearing is a common challenge in horticultural plants, leading to irregular yield in successive years. The potentialrole of phenolic compounds in regulating this phenomenon, however, is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate thepotential role of phenolic compounds in alternate bearing in pistachio trees by analysing samples from different parts of the “Uzun”cultivar over two consecutive years. Seven phenolic compounds (gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid,catechin, and quercetin) were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography at 10-day intervals. Significant variations wereobserved in the levels of certain phenolic compounds between “ON” and “OFF” years, suggesting a …

Developing Micropropagation Protocol For Black Mulberry (Morus Nigra L.), Merve Özkul, Nevzat Sevgi̇n, Mehmet Özkul, Neelam Prabha Negi, Sadi̇ye Peral Eyduran, Bi̇rsen Yilmaz, Melekşen Akin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study aims to develop a suitable micropropagation protocol for black mulberry, which cannot be easily clonally propagated like other mulberry species. Clonal propagation of this species is gaining importance due to its health benefits and utilization in pharmacology. The effects of culture media and cytokinin types on micropropagation of Morus nigra L. were investigated. Single-axillary bud explants grown on MS, DKW, and NRM containing 0.25 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA) plus 0.01 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were compared to cultures grown on NRM with thidiazuron, metaTopolin (mT) or BA at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mg/l plus 0.01 mg/l IBA. …

Evaluation Of Turkish Shallot Genetic Resources For Morphological, Biochemical And Sensory Properties, Gülay Beşi̇rli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Shallots, a subspecies of onion, are considered the gourmet onion and are preferred especially in French and Asian cooking. Its unique taste and aroma especially being caramelized through heat treatment increases its importance for boutique restaurants and niche tables. This study examined the morphological, biochemical, and sensory properties of seven generatively (GMSY-2, GMSY-3, GMSY-4, GMSY-5, GMSY-6, GMSY-7, GMSY-8) and one vegetatively propagated (GMSY-1) shallot genotypes in 2021 and 2022. Sixteen morphological and fifteen biometric features of UPOV were used in characterization. Total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, and total monomeric anthocyanin and pyruvic acid contents were determined as biochemical markers. …

Overnight Rice Fermentation: An Analysis Of The Physicochemical Changes In White, Brown, And Enriched Rice Varieties, Kavin Sivakumar

Master's Theses

Fermentation refers to the activity of microorganisms breaking down substrates, resulting in changes to a food product. One fermented food practice from the Indian subcontinent is overnight fermented rice. The traditional preparation consists of covering cooled cooked rice in water and leaving it at room temperature to ferment overnight. The objective of this project was to investigate overnight rice fermentation through quantifying its physicochemical changes. The study utilized three types of rice: white, enriched white, and brown. Mixtures of cooked rice and water at a 1 gram: 2 milliliter ratio were fermented at 29 degrees Celsius and 60% humidity for …

Body Length Determines Flow Refuging For Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Behind Wing Dams, Terry R. Dial, Laura A. Collins, James C. Liao, Bret W. Tobalske

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

Complex hydrodynamics abound in natural streams, yet the selective pressures these impose upon different size classes of fish are not well understood. Attached vortices are produced by relatively large objects that block freestream flow, which fish routinely utilize for flow refuging. To test how flow refuging and the potential harvesting of energy (as seen in Kármán gaiting) varies across size classes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; fingerling, 8 cm; parr, 14 cm; adult, 21 cm; n = 4 per size class), we used a water flume (4,100 L; freestream flow at 65 cm s^-1) and created …

A Comparative Analysis Of Extant Oceanic Shark Species Using Trait-Based Ecology, Elizabeth A. Johnson

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Over the past few decades, scientists have been working together to mitigate human impacts on global shark populations, but deciding which species need the most immediate attention can be difficult. This study uses a newly emerging approach to ecology, trait-based ecology, to identify trends in trait expression with depth and determine which species have the most unique sets of traits. While trait-based ecology has already been applied to numerous fields, a trait-based approach to shark research is still in its infancy. A total of 15 traits across 337 oceanic shark species were examined to identify trends in trait expression and …

Understanding The Role Of Mastl In Colon Homeostasis And Colitis-Associated Cancer Development, Kristina Pravoverov

Theses & Dissertations

Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is the most devastating complication of longstanding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the switch from damage-repair to dysplasia in IBD is critical for identifying novel therapies to facilitate mucosal healing while mitigating CAC risk. Microtubule-associated serine-threonine kinase-like (MASTL), though crucial in cell growth and repair, is upregulated in sporadic colorectal cancer and CAC. This study sought to delineate the role of MASTL in colitis and CAC development.

First, we examined whether MASTL is associated with colitis and recovery. Review of publicly available data found significant elevation of MASTL and interleukin (IL)-22 in biopsies from …

Pharmacokinetics And Tissue Distribution Of A Lipid-Based Extended-Release Nano-Formulation Of Mo-Oh-Nap Tropolone To Enhance Pulmonary Delivery For The Treatment Of Pulmonary Metastatic Osteosarcoma, Wafaa N. Aldhafiri

Theses & Dissertations

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Metastasis is prevalent in 25% of patients, at diagnosis, with the lungs being the most common metastatic site. Pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma is a significant therapeutic challenge with a 5-year survival rate of ≤30%. Patients with pulmonary metastatic disease at diagnosis receive the same standard of care as patients with local disease, which hasn’t changed over the past 30 years. The treatment and prevention of pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma represents a significant critical and unmet need.

MO-OH-Nap tropolone is a novel small molecule with cytotoxic activity across multiple human osteosarcoma …

Translational Potential Of Mouse Models Of Human Metabolic Disease, I Sadaf Farooqi, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. Research in the last three decades has delivered a step-change in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis, building on foundational discoveries in mouse models of metabolic disease. However, not all findings made in rodents have translated to humans, hampering drug discovery in this field. Here, we review how studies in mice and humans have informed our current framework for understanding energy homeostasis, discuss their challenges and limitations, and offer a perspective on how human studies may play an increasingly important role in the discovery of disease mechanisms and identification …

Growth Response Of Tomatoes To Application Of Bacterial-Coated Npk Fertilizer In A Pot Experiment, Reginawanti Hindersah, Ruhnayati Kaffah, Ayu Siti Aisyah, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Mahfud Arifin

Jurnal Kultivasi

Nitrogen-fixer and phosphate-solubilizer bacteria increase the chemical-fertilizer efficiency and soil health. Bacterial-coated NPK fertilizer is a novel approach for intensifying biofertilizer application in vegetable production. The study aimed to observe the compatibility between two Azotobacter species and two Bacillus species, their population on two formulations of bacterial-coated NPK fertilizer (BCN), and the effect of BCN dose on growth, N and P content, and their uptake in tomato shoots. The compatibility test was performed using the streak method. The population of Azotobacter and Bacillus were counted for two formulations of NPK fertilizer coated by solid biofertilizer (5% and 10%) and zeolite …

Growth Improvement Of Immature Quinine By Applying Coffee Husk Compost And Biofertilizer, Yudithia Maxiselly, Dinda Rachmatis Sa'adah, Mira Ariyanti, Muhammad Khais Prayoga, Heri Syahrian Khomaeni

Jurnal Kultivasi

The growth of immature Cinchona ledgeriana can be optimized by applying fertilizers to fill the nutritional needs of plants. Nutrients can be provided through the help of microorganisms derived from organic fertilizers and biofertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying coffee husk compost and biofertilizer consortium on the growth of immature quinine plants. This research was conducted from November 2023 – January 2024 at Gambung Tea and Cinchona Research Center, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The research used a randomized block design with four replications and six treatments, namely control (Urea 17 g.plant-1 + SP36 …