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Fisheries Report No 62 - The Commercial Fisheries Of Temperate Western Australian Estuaries: Early Settlement To 1975, R C.J. Lenanton

Fisheries Research Reports

This report provides a quantitative description of the commercial estuarine fisheries of temperate Western Australia. An account is given of the Long series of historical events which influenced the development of the fisheries and led to their current status. All available catch and effort data covering the years 1898 - 1975 are presented. The use of this long series of historical catch and effort data as an aid to the management of the estuarine fisheries resources is discussed. It is emphasised that interpretations of these data cannot be undertaken effectively without a knowledge of factors such as Life history strategies, …

Electron Detectors Used For Imaging In The Scanning Electron Microscope, V. N. E. Robinson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Electron detectors used for imaging in the scanning electron microscope include those which detect secondary electrons, various portions of the backscattered electron signal, and the residual specimen current. The use of a different detector will often produce a different image of the same specimen. The information contained in these images depends upon the signal detected and the properties of the detector used. The choice of detector to be used depends upon the information desired.

Water Erosion On Potato Land During The 1983 Growing Season Donnybrook, D J. Mcfarlane

Resource management technical reports

Soil losses over a three month period varied from 10 to 49 mm.. Soil loss was most highly correlated with length of slope of the plots. Other important factors appeared to be slope angle and soil textures. Grade furrows appear to be the best method of breaking-up long slope lengths. The low capacity of the furrows requires them to be on grades of about 4 to 4 per cent to prevent siltation and overtopping during high density storms.

Thinning Optimization In Mixed-Species Forests, Steven H. Bullard, W. David Klemperer

Faculty Publications

An approach is summarized for estimating optimal thinning and final harvest age for existing, mixed-species stands. The method involves stand-table projection with upgrowth and mortality equations, formulated as an integer-nonlinear programming problem. Random search methods are proposed for estimating optimal cutting prescriptions. Such solution methods warrant further study in forestry, since their use enables broad application of stand-specific modeling results.

Summary Of Medic-Rhizobium Field Experiments 1983 – 1984, J G. Howieson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trials 83ME9, 83ME87, 82ME22, 82ME22A, 82ME23.

Method.

Comments

Magnetic Electron Lenses, Wolfgang Dieter Riecke

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The electron optical properties of magnetic lenses are determined by the ratio S/D of gap width S to bore diameter D, by the actual size of the gap and by the lens strength NJ√U*. Objective lenses of particularly small aberrations are obtained if the specimen is positioned close to the center of the gap and if the width of the gap is made as small as possible. For projector lenses the best performance results if the lens is employed at its minimum focal length. Another aspect important for high resolution lenses is that a stigmator is available for the correction …

Progress In The Theory Of Electron-Beam Deflection, E. F. Ritz Jr.

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Analysis, simulation, and design of electron-beam-deflection systems are reviewed in light of the current state of theoretical understanding. A brief review of the physical principles is followed by a detailed discussion of electrostatic, magnetostatic, mixed-field, traveling-wave, and scan-expansion systems. Each methodology is examined from a triple perspective: calculation of electromagnetic fields, calculation of electron trajectories, and calculation of the ensemble of trajectories forming the beam. Applications discussed include deflectors for television displays, lithography, scanning microscopes, and CRT oscillography. Developments of the last ten years are stressed, thereby supplementing and updating the author's previous review on this subject.

In field calculation, …

Magnetic Electron Lenses Ii, T. Mulvey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Conventional magnetic electron lenses have evolved to their present highly developed state under the pressure of meeting the exacting requirements of high resolution electron microscopy. More recently, however, the desire to extract quantitative analytical information from the specimen has led to significant changes in the design of electron optical systems. The introduction of efficient lanthanum hexaboride cathodes and high beam current field-emission sources has strengthened this tendency. In addition, more complex lens systems than previously envisaged are now possible since microprocessors can be employed to assist in the rapid and reliable readjustment of the lens system, including the extensive alignment …

Synthesis Of Electron Lenses, M. Szilagyi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper is a review of different approaches to one of the most ambitious goals of Electron and Ion Optics: to produce elements and systems with prescribed first-order properties and minimal aberrations. Synthesis of such elements is usually done in two steps: the first is a search for a field distribution with the given properties and the second is the reconstruction of electrodes (pole pieces) that would produce this field distribution. The first problem can be solved by the use of different techniques: Calculus of Variations, Dynamic Programming or Function Minimization. The second one is more complicated and requires a …

Iowa Academy Of Science Leadership Directory And Membership Roster, 1984-85, Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Contents:

Board of Directors ... 3
Section Chairs ... 4
Section Vice Chairs ... 7
Committees ... 9
Award Recipients ... 25
Past Presidents ... 27
Membership Roster ... 28
Sprecial Directors ... 38

Damage Report Of The West Coastal Wildfire (Jan 16-21, 1984) And Its Effects On The Western Australian Beekeeping Industry, R C. Burking, A. C. Kessell

Apiculture research reports

No abstract provided.

Pasture Research Programme For The Medium Rainfall Zone Of Wa, C K. Revell, C W. Thorn

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Field Assistants: I.R. Rose S.P. Davis Soil Analysis: I.A. Pritchard. A. Screening trials M. polymorpha var brevispina. M. truncatula. T. cherleri - 84KA41, 84KA42, 84KA43, 84KA47. B. Large scale M. polymorpha evaluation - 84KA38, 84KA39, 84KA40, C. Long term Medic species evaluation - 82KA44, 82KA45. D. Species characterization trials - 83KA66, 83KA67. E. M. murex evaluation - 83KA45. F. Dwalganup replacement subclovers - 83KA69. Since 1981, the major emphasis of the Katanning pasture programme has been to select pasture species suitable for replacing ryegrass on soils where Annual Ryegrass Toxicity (ARGT) has been a major problem. These soils have traditionally …

Cercospora Disease Of Subterranean Clover, Root Rot, Cereal Smuts, Rapeseed Diseases, M J. Barbetti

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Cercospora disease of subterranean clover: - . Susceptibility to and losses from cercospora on sub-clover cultivars. Locality: Bibby Springs, Cervantes. (84M073, 84M075, 84M076). Subterranean clover root rot: - Seed treatments for root rot control. Locality: Albany (84AL39); Scott River (84 BU11). Fungicide drenches for root rot control. Locality: Perth (84PE22) using intact cores from Albany and Scott River. Cultivar screening for resistance to root rot fungi. Locality: Perth (84PE24) with field plantings at Albany and Scott River. Methyl bromide fumigation for control of sub-clover root rot. Locality: Vasse Research Station (84V15). Two sites. Cereal smuts – Fungicidal control of loose …

Studies On The Effects Of Nutrition And Tillage Systems On Cereal Root Diseases, R F. Brennan

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84N1. 2. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84E2. 3. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84MT4. 4. Split Applications of Nitrogen and Take-all 84LG1. 5. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Take-all 83ES41. 6. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Take-all 83ES42. 7. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Rates and Take-all 83ES43. 8. Micronutrients (Cu, Zn) and Take-all 83ES39. 9. Micronutrients (Cu, Zn) and Take-all 83ES40. 10. Cu Residual on Wheat and Take-all 67E9. 11. Cu Residual on wheat and Take-all 67E8. 12. Take-all and Manganese/Ammonium Interaction 84LG2. 13. Take-all and Manganese/Ammonium Interaction 84MT5. 14. Take-all …

Chemical Manipulation Of Pasture Leys To Regulate Composition Ll., C W. Thorn, M W. Perry, P Fievez

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Introduction.

Materials and methods.

Experimental design.

Sowing.

Herbicides.

Measurements.

Results.

Discussion.

Conclusions.

Two New Species Of The Siphonoecetes Complex From The Arabian Gulf And Borneo (Crustacea: Amphipoda), J. L. Barnard, James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

A new species, Siphonoecetes arabicus, is described from the Arabian Gulf, and a new species B. wongi is described in the new genus Borneoecetes from Borneo. The former species does not fit recently described subgenera, thus indicating a necessary reassessment of those taxa.

Historical Crop / Climate Relationships In South Dakota, D.G. Kenefick, J.C. Harlan, K.K. Weischedel, P.D. Evenson

Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science Publications

Crop performance and climatic records were collated for high production counties in South Dakota to evaluate the effects of temperature and precipitation on yields. The crops involved were corn, soybeans, sorghum, oats, spring wheat, and winter wheat. Records were compared for the period from 1965 to 1982. The computer data file for each county includes seven climatic parameters, dates of plant development, adjusted yield-and yield rank by year. The crop/climate record for the 17-year period was evaluated in sixteen counties per crop each year. Thus, 272 county x year observations were made for each crop, except for soybeans which involved …

Acanthohaustorius Pansus, A New Species Of Sand-Burrowing Amphipod From Looe Key Reef, Florida Keys, With Redescription And Distribution Data Of Acanthohaustorius Bousfieldi Frame, 1980 (Amphipoda: Haustoriidae), James Darwin Thomas, J. L. Barnard

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

A new species of sand-burrowing amphipod, Acanthohaustorius pansus, is described from carbonate sands of the Florida Keys Reef Tract. This is the first time the predominantly cold-water genus Acanthohaustorius has been reported south of Virginia coastal waters. Acanthohaustorius bousfieldi Frame, 1980, originally described from Long Island Sound, is refigured and reported from shell-hash sediments off the central Atlantic coast of Florida. A revised key to the species of Acanthohaustorius is presented.

Soil Acidity On High Rainfall Pastures, J S. Yeates, D. A. Mcghie, I. R. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Most soils of the high rainfall area of south-western Western Australia are naturally acis.

The most acid group of soils, the peaty sands. have been routinely limed before subterranean clover pastures were established since research in the 1950s showed that poor Rhizobium nodulation could be overcome with the application of about 2 tonnes per hectare of coastal limesand.

Research Objectives In Vertebrate Pest Control, A J. Oliver

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The European rabbit, introduced into Australia in 856 by an early settler for hunting, caused massive losses to agricultural production in Western Australia in 1940s and 1950s.

In those years most of the country's recources and efforts allocated to vertebrate pest problems were aimed at controlling this animal.

Research and control measures by Commonwealth and State agencies, including the introduction of myxomatosis, were largely responsible for reducing the rabbit problem to the comparatively minor one it is now.

Today, the Agricultural Protection Board is involved in the control of a much wider range of mammals and birds which cause losses …

Alternative Land Uses, D A. Morrison, B. C. Mattinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One aproach to minimise the high nutrient content and associated algal pollution of the Peel-Harvey estuarine system is to reduce phosphorus losses at their source. Farmers can do this by changing land use is such a way thar phosphorus run-off fromthe catchment soils into drainage is prevented or at least reduced.

The department of Agriculture is investigating the economics of alternative uses, particularly substituting forestry with Pinus pinaster or Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) for present beef and sheep enterprises. P. pinaster is used for logging and E. globulus for pulping.

Rabbit Kitten Survival In The South-West, D R. King

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In the South-West of Western Australis reliable winter rains allow the rabbit breeding season to extend through winter and spring, and thus a large number of kittens are produced each year.

Studies on the biology of rabbits at Cape Naturaliste (270 kilometres south-west of Perth) and Chidlow (40 kilometres east of Perth in the Datling Range) have shown that at these sites each doe produces about 30 and 27 kittens respectively a year. If all these youg rabbits survived, there would be a 15-fold increase in numbers. Within a short time the State would be covered "wall to wall" by …

Rabbits North Of Carnarvon, D R. King

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Westeern Australia rabbits are mainly a pest along the south-western coastal parts of the State, but there are populations north of the Tropic of Capricorn. Rabbits after crossing the Nullarbour plain from South Australia and colonising the South-West of the State, were reported to have reached the west coast near Geraldton by 1912 and then spread northwards.

There is little information on the biologhy of rabbits in the northan parts of their range, but pastoralists in some areas are concerned about erosion and damage to vegetation on their stations when rabbits reach high numbers.

The Agricultural Protection Board undertook …

Myxomatosis In Western Australia, D R. King, S. H. Wheeler

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since myxomatosis was introduced to Western Australia in the early 1950s rabbit plagues have ceased. However, myxomatosis has not proven to be the whole answer to the rabit problem.

Rabits continue to damage crops and pastures in many areas and resurgences of rabbit populations are reported from time to time.

Drs D.R. King and S. H. Wheeler of the Agricultural Protection Board's research section have been studying the way myxomatosis epidemics occur and spread in rabbit populations in a range of Western Australian environments. This research will provide data for planning effective control strategies intergrating the various control options available …

Feral Donkeys : An Assessment Of Control In The Kimberley, S H. Wheeler

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Feral donkeys are one of the major limitations to increased pastoral production in many parts of the Kimberley area of Western Australia, where they compete with cattle for food. In addition donkeys are aggressive animals, driving cattle from watering points and better grazing areas. They eliminate perenial plants by overgrazing and therefore reduce the carrying capacity of the range.

Originally introduced as draught animals, donkeys were released when cars arrived; since then they have bred up to large numbers in many areas.

For several years the Agricultural Protection Board has undertaken a programme of donkey shooting from helicopters. Since this …

Algal Growth And The Phosphorus Cycle, Arthur J. Mccomb, K. S. Hamel, A. L. Huber, D. K. Kidby, R. J. Lukatelich

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Larger algae and microscopic phytoplankton foul the waters of the Peel-Harvey estuarine system, upsetting the fishery and polluting the beaches.

These aquatic plants grow in response to phosphorus runoff from drainage, trapping phosphorus in the estuary and using it in their growth. When they die this phosphorus remains in the system to be recycled for further plant growth.

Algal pollution in the estuary can be lessened by reducing the amount of phosphorus entering the system, increasing phosphorus losses to the ocean, or in some way blocking the trapping and recycling processes.

Soil Improvement With Bauxite Residues, W H. Tacey, S. C. Ward, K. J. Summers, N. J. Barrow

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The sandy soils of the Peel-Harvey catchment hold water and nutrients very poorly. The Gavin ridges dry out quickly during rainless periods and this severely limits pasture growth. These ridges and the lower lying Joel and Coolup sands also lose a large proportion of the phosphorus, sulfer and potash fertilisers applied to them. Normally the sands lack clay materials to bind and hold the nutrients so rainfall leaches them out.

The Peel-Harvey Study Group, CSIRO, Alcoa and Murdock University have studied the use of a residue from bauxite mining to help overcome these problems. The treated residue has a texture …

Soil Acidity And Legume Nodulation, J G. Howieson, M. A. Ewing

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Nitrogen is a basic constituent of protien and is essential to all forms of life. Many agricultural plants are legumes - a group of plants which, in co-operation with specialised soil bacteria, fix their own nitrogen from the air. When the legume dies, the organic matter breaks down anf the nitrogen becomes available to the following crops.

Soil acidity is a major factor limitimg the successful association between legumes and their beneficial soil bacteria in Western Australia.

Breeding Wheat Varieties For Acid Soils, I R. Barclay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Wheat varieties with improved tolerance of acid soils cold increase yeilds be perhaps 20 per cent or more over a substantialarea ofWestern Australia's eastern wheatbelt.

Aluminium toxicity is probably the main cause of poor root growth and therefore reduced yields on these soils.

Soil Acidity In The Eastern Wheatbelt, W M. Porter, I. R. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Western Australia parts of the sandplain of the eastern wheatbelt are very acid and produce poor crops, It was not until the late 1970s that the effect of soil acidity on the productivity of the sandplain soils was examined in any detail.

Since then researchers have learnt a great deal about the nature of soil acidity in the eastern wheatbelt sandplain soils and can suggest management options for farmers.

This article discisses the problem of the very acid soils. It does not deal with the moderately acid, medium textured soils of the eastern wheatbelt. Although the acidity of these …