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Watercolors In The Coastal Zone: What Can We See?, Oscar Schofield, Robert A. Arnone, W. Paul Bissett, Tommy D. Dickey, Curtis O. Davis, Zoe Finkel, Matthew Oliver, Mark A. Moline Jun 2004

Watercolors In The Coastal Zone: What Can We See?, Oscar Schofield, Robert A. Arnone, W. Paul Bissett, Tommy D. Dickey, Curtis O. Davis, Zoe Finkel, Matthew Oliver, Mark A. Moline

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.


Alfred Russel Wallace: A Capsule Biography, Charles H. Smith Jun 2004

Alfred Russel Wallace: A Capsule Biography, Charles H. Smith

DLPS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Ard News June 2004 Jun 2004

Ard News June 2004

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
Comments from the Dean
ARD Advisory Council Report
The GMO Food Debate
Richard Ferguson Selected for Leadership Development Course
Nominations Sought for Junior Faculty Excellence in Research Award
Channing B. and Katherine W. Baker Fund
Undergraduate Honors Research Program
ARD Interdisciplinary Research Grants Program
Proposals Submitted For Federal Grants
New or Revised Projects
Grants and Contracts Received April and May, 2004


Diploid And Polyploid Cytotype Distribution In Melampodium Cinereum And M. Leucanthum (Asteraceae, Heliantheae), Tod F. Stuessy, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, David J. Keil Jun 2004

Diploid And Polyploid Cytotype Distribution In Melampodium Cinereum And M. Leucanthum (Asteraceae, Heliantheae), Tod F. Stuessy, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, David J. Keil

Biological Sciences

Previous chromosomal studies within Melampodium (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) of Mexico and Central America have documented chromosome numbers n = 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 20, 23, 25 ± 1, 27, 30, and 33. Some species also have been shown to exhibit infra-and interpopulational polyploidy. The presence of cytotype mixtures is especially pronounced in the white-rayed complex, which occurs in the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. This group includes M. cinereum (n = 10 and 20), M. leucanthum (n = 10 and 20), and M. argophyllum (n = 30). Cytotype distribution has been newly analyzed in 415 plants from 152 populations …


Genome Scans Of Dna Variability In Humans Reveal Evidence For Selective Sweeps Outside Of Africa, Jay F. Storz, Bret A. Payseur, Michael W. Nachman Jun 2004

Genome Scans Of Dna Variability In Humans Reveal Evidence For Selective Sweeps Outside Of Africa, Jay F. Storz, Bret A. Payseur, Michael W. Nachman

Jay F. Storz Publications

The last 50,000–150,000 years of human history have been characterized by rapid demographic expansions and the colonization of novel environments outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Mass migrations outside the ancestral species range likely entailed many new selection pressures, suggesting that genetic adaptation to local environmental conditions may have been more prevalent in colonizing populations outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report a test of this hypothesis using genome-wide patterns of DNA polymorphism. We conducted a multilocus scan of microsatellite variability to identify regions of the human genome that may have been subject to continent-specific hitchhiking events. Using published polymorphism data for …


Diabetes Stepping Up To The Plate: An Education Curriculum Focused On Food Portioning Skills, D. Pauline Williams, Heidi Leblanc, Nedra K. Christensen Jun 2004

Diabetes Stepping Up To The Plate: An Education Curriculum Focused On Food Portioning Skills, D. Pauline Williams, Heidi Leblanc, Nedra K. Christensen

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The Diabetes Stepping up to the Plate program was developed to determine the effectiveness of food portion based diabetes education. One hundred fifty-one individuals enrolled in the diabetes series. Food portion knowledge and skills tests, height, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured pre- and post-program. Data was analyzed through paired t-tests and correlations. Evaluation showed a decrease in HbA1C, waist/hip circumference, WHR, and BMI, and an improvement in food portion knowledge and skills. Seventy-five participants completed pre- and post-data collection parameters, although more participants completed all classes in the series. Extension can play a role in successful diabetes education.


Multi-Trophic Level Interactions In A Cassava-Maize Mixed Cropping System In The Humid Tropics Of West Africa, F. Schulthess, A. Chabi-Olaye, S. Gounou Jun 2004

Multi-Trophic Level Interactions In A Cassava-Maize Mixed Cropping System In The Humid Tropics Of West Africa, F. Schulthess, A. Chabi-Olaye, S. Gounou

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Multi-trophic level interactions in a mixed crop, involving cassava and maize, were studied in derived-savanna in Benin, West Africa. Two trials were planted, one during the short rainy season two months before onset of the dry season and one during the long rainy season in spring. Key pests under study on maize were the noctuid Sesamia calamistis Hampson and the pyralids Eldana saccharina Walker and Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot, and on cassava, the exotic mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero and its encyrtid parasitoid Apoanagyrus lopezi De Santis. Both crops received insecticide treatments to assess the crop loss by a pest species. On …


The Impact Of Species Concept On Biodiversity Studies, Keith A. Crandall, Paul-Michael Agapow, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, John L. Gittleman, Georgina M. Mace, Jonathon C. Marshall, Andy Purvis Jun 2004

The Impact Of Species Concept On Biodiversity Studies, Keith A. Crandall, Paul-Michael Agapow, Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, John L. Gittleman, Georgina M. Mace, Jonathon C. Marshall, Andy Purvis

Faculty Publications

Species are defined using a variety of different operational techniques. While discussion of the various methodologies has previously been restricted mostly to taxonomists, the demarcation of species is also crucial for conservation biology. Unfortunately, different methods of diagnosing species can arrive at different entities. Most prominently, it is widely thought that use of a phylogenetic species concept may lead to recognition of a far greater number of much less inclusive units. As a result, studies of the same group of organisms can produce not only different species identities but also different species range and number of individuals. To assess the …


Potential Of Modis Ocean Bands For Estimating Co2 Flux From Terrestrial Vegetation: A Novel Approach, Abdullah Rahman, Vicente D. Cordova, John A. Gamon, Hans Peter Schmid, Daniel A. Sims May 2004

Potential Of Modis Ocean Bands For Estimating Co2 Flux From Terrestrial Vegetation: A Novel Approach, Abdullah Rahman, Vicente D. Cordova, John A. Gamon, Hans Peter Schmid, Daniel A. Sims

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

A physiologically-driven spectral index using two ocean-color bands of MODIS satellite sensor showed great potential to track seasonally changing photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE) and stress-induced reduction in net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial vegetation. Based on these findings, we developed a simple ‘‘continuous field’’ model solely based on remotely sensed spectral data that could explain 88% of variability in flux-tower based daily NPP. For the first time, such a procedure is successfully tested at landscape level using satellite imagery. These findings highlight the unexplored potential of narrow-band satellite sensors to improve estimates of spatial and temporal distribution in terrestrial …


Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Spring 2004, Volume 10, No. 2 May 2004

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Spring 2004, Volume 10, No. 2

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

CGS Coordinates New Professional Golf Management Program

Alternatives to Grazing Drought-Stricken Pastures by Ivan Rush, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, UNL

2004 Nebraska Grazing Conference in Kearney August 10-11

Dave and Loretta Hamilton: Grazing and Ranch Management Mentors by Dana Larsen, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA

Loess Hills Conservation Measures Improve Rangeland Conditions and Aid American Burying Beetle in Nebraska by Thomas Walker, Jr., Nebraska Game and Parks Commission Jerry Volesky, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL Wyatt Hoback, Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney

XX International Grassland Congress, Ireland, 2005

Allan Savory on Holistic Resource Management at …


Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 80, No. 2), Kentucky Library Research Collections May 2004

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 80, No. 2), Kentucky Library Research Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.


A Study Of Invasive Species Cover Near Roads In A Red Rock Canyon Blackbrush Community, Christopher Keough May 2004

A Study Of Invasive Species Cover Near Roads In A Red Rock Canyon Blackbrush Community, Christopher Keough

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The monitoring of Mojave Desert plant communities during and following disturbance is an important process that could provide invaluable information about disturbance/recovery regimes in similar arid environments across the globe. Blackbrush communities are of particular interest because of their low replacement rate, which makes them highly susceptible to disturbance. Roads in the Mojave Desert have been associated with soil compaction resulting in a lack of vegetation as well as an increase in invasive species cover in the immediate proximity. To investigate these statements, eight fifty-foot line transects were established in each of three plot types (perpendicular to dirt roads, perpendicular …


Snow Avalanche Disturbance In Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests And Implications For The Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Hebertson May 2004

Snow Avalanche Disturbance In Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests And Implications For The Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Hebertson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Spruce beetle outbreaks are the primary biotic disturbance affecting forests in the Intermountain spruce-fir zone. Major snow avalanches can produce large quantities of host material for spruce beetle colonization; however, few studies have examined the influence of avalanche disturbance on outbreak initiation. The purpose of my research was to investigate potential relationships between these two disturbance agents. In the first study, I used dendro-ecological analyses to date major avalanche years on the Wasatch Plateau in south-central Utah, and then determined what climate factors were associated with avalanche occurrence. The results indicated that mean January snowfall was significantly related to the …


Snow Avalanche Disturbance In Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests And Implications For The Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Herbertson May 2004

Snow Avalanche Disturbance In Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests And Implications For The Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Herbertson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Spruce beetle outbreaks are the primary biotic disturbance affecting forests in the Intermountain spruce-fir zone. Major snow avalanches can produce large quantities of host material for spruce beetle colonization; however, few studies have examined the influence of avalanche disturbance on outbreak initiation. The purpose of my research was to investigate potential relationships between these two disturbance agents. In the first study, I used dendro-ecological analyses to date major avalanche years on the Wasatch Plateau in south-central Utah, and then determined what climate factors were associated with avalanche occurrence. The results indicated that mean January snowfall was significantly related to the …


Development Of A Tool To Facilitate Participation Of Maori In The Management Of Stream And River Health, Colin R. Townsend Apr 2004

Development Of A Tool To Facilitate Participation Of Maori In The Management Of Stream And River Health, Colin R. Townsend

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

A cultural health index (CHI) for streams was developed in a program of collaborative research involving members of Ngai Tahu (an iwi [tribe] within the South Island of New Zealand) and ecologists at Otago University. The aim was to provide a tool for effective participation of Maori in resource management decisions. Five cultural values are of central importance to the nature of the CHI: mauri (spiritual life force), mahinga kai (traditional resource harvesting), kaitiakitanga (guardianship obligation), ki uta ki tai (mountains-to-the-sea holistic philosophy), and wai taonga waters that are treasured). The CHI has three components. Forty-six stream sites in two …


2004 - The Ninth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars Apr 2004

2004 - The Ninth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Ninth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on April 16, 2004. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.


Ox Yokes: Culture, Comfort And Animal Welfare, Andrew (Drew) B. Conroy Apr 2004

Ox Yokes: Culture, Comfort And Animal Welfare, Andrew (Drew) B. Conroy

Faculty Publications

Three yoking systems are used globally to capture the power of oxen. These are the head yoke, withers yoke, and neck yoke. Each system has its strengths and weaknesses, with culture and cattle playing a role in the adoption and use of each system. The neck yoke system offers important lessons in understanding animal comfort and yoke design. Despite its success, the neck yoke should not be universally adopted, nor should it be universally promoted. However ignoring the lessons learned in North America over the last 400 years would ignore animals and teamsters who perfected this system and learned to …


“Emerging” Parasitic Infections In Arctic Ungulates, Susan J. Kutz, Eric P. Hoberg, John Nagy, Lydden Polley, Brett Elkin Apr 2004

“Emerging” Parasitic Infections In Arctic Ungulates, Susan J. Kutz, Eric P. Hoberg, John Nagy, Lydden Polley, Brett Elkin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Important drivers for emergence of infectious disease in wildlife include changes in the environment, shrinking habitats or concentration of wildlife, and movement of people, animals, pathogens, or vectors. In this paper we present three case-studies of emerging parasitic infections and diseases in ungulates in the Canadian north. First we discuss climate warming as an important driver for the emergence of disease associated with Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis, a nematode lungworm of muskoxen. Then we examine how Protostrongylus stilesi, the sheep lungworm, emerged (or re-emerged) in muskoxen after re-introduction of this host into its historical range made it sympatric with Dall’s …


A Critical Assessment Of Protection For Key Wildlife And Salmon Habitats Under The Proposed British Columbia Central Coast Land And Resource Management Plan, Paul C. Paquet, Chris T. Darimont, R. John Nelson, Katrina Bennett Mar 2004

A Critical Assessment Of Protection For Key Wildlife And Salmon Habitats Under The Proposed British Columbia Central Coast Land And Resource Management Plan, Paul C. Paquet, Chris T. Darimont, R. John Nelson, Katrina Bennett

Habitat Assessment and Management Collection

The Central Coast Land and Resource Management Plan (CCLRMP) table recently declared a consensus1 on proposed protected areas for British Columbia’s Central Coast. This region is recognized for its globally rare and largely intact mainland and island ecosystems and land use decisions should reflect this importance. We evaluated the efficacy of this proposal using a spatial assessment of habitat. We focus on protected areas in the context of the overall CCLRMP. We examined the level of protection provided by the CCLRMP in three key coastal habitats: deer winter range, wolf reproductive habitat, and salmon reproductive and rearing habitat. Assessment of …


Effect Of Sucrose Esters On The Crystallization Behavior Of Bulk Oil Systems, Silvana Martini, M. Cerdeira, M. L. Herrera Feb 2004

Effect Of Sucrose Esters On The Crystallization Behavior Of Bulk Oil Systems, Silvana Martini, M. Cerdeira, M. L. Herrera

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Sucrose esters (SE) of FA can be used in foods as emulsifiers because they are nontoxic, tasteless, odorless, and are digested to sucrose and FA in the stomach. They can also be used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and in other products where a nonionic, nontoxic, biodegradable emulsifier is required. In addition to their major function of producing and stabilizing emulsions, SE have numerous other functional roles as texturizers, film formers, and modifiers of bulk-phase crystallization behavior (with bulk phase meaning a homogeneous oil phase). A few reports have dealt with the effect of SE on the crystallization behavior of fats …


Variation In Sulfide Tolerance Of Photosystem Ii In Phylogenetically Diverse Cyanobacteria From Sulfidic Habitats, Scott R. Miller, Brad M. Bebout Feb 2004

Variation In Sulfide Tolerance Of Photosystem Ii In Phylogenetically Diverse Cyanobacteria From Sulfidic Habitats, Scott R. Miller, Brad M. Bebout

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Physiological and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used to investigate variation among 12 cyanobacterial strains in their tolerance of sulfide, an inhibitor of oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria from sulfidic habitats were found to be phylogenetically diverse and exhibited an approximately 50-fold variation in photosystem II performance in the presence of sulfide. Whereas the degree of tolerance was positively correlated with sulfide levels in the environment, a strain's phenotype could not be predicted from the tolerance of its closest relatives. These observations suggest that sulfide tolerance is a dynamic trait primarily shaped by environmental variation. Despite differences in absolute tolerance, similarities among strains …


Patterns Of Mtdna Diversity In Northwestern North America, Ripan S. Malhi, Katherine E. Breece, Beth A. Schultz Shook, Frederika A. Kaestle, James C. Chatters, Steven Hackenberger, David Glenn Smith Feb 2004

Patterns Of Mtdna Diversity In Northwestern North America, Ripan S. Malhi, Katherine E. Breece, Beth A. Schultz Shook, Frederika A. Kaestle, James C. Chatters, Steven Hackenberger, David Glenn Smith

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of 54 full-blooded modern and 64 ancient Native Americans from northwestern North America were determined. The control regions of 10 modern and 30 ancient individuals were sequenced and compared. Within the Northwest, the frequency distribution for haplogroup A is geographically structured, with haplogroup A decreasing with distance from the Pacific Coast. The haplogroup A distribution suggests that a prehistoric population intrusion from the subarctic and coastal region occurred on the Columbia Plateau in prehistoric times. Overall, the mtDNA pattern in the Northwest suggests significant amounts of gene flow among Northwest Coast, Columbia Plateau, and Great …


Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Uromyces Appendiculatus From Phaseolus Vulgaris In The Americas, C. M. Araya, A. T. Alleyne, J. R. Steadman, Kent M. Eskridge, D. P. Coyne Jan 2004

Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Uromyces Appendiculatus From Phaseolus Vulgaris In The Americas, C. M. Araya, A. T. Alleyne, J. R. Steadman, Kent M. Eskridge, D. P. Coyne

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Populations of 90 Uromyces appendiculatus isolates were collected from throughout the Americas and evaluated for virulence on 19 standard bean rust differentials, and also on 12 landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris from South and Central America. The landrace differentials represented geographical centers of bean domestication. Three groups were observed. Two groups were isolates from centers of bean domestication and a third heterogeneous group comprised isolates from countries in South and Central America. Molecular analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was also conducted on these isolates. Cluster analysis of the molecular profiles showed three groups that corresponded to those …


Agroforestry, Elephants, And Tigers: Balancing Conservation Theory And Practice In Human-Dominated Landscapes Of Southeast Asia, Philip J. Nyhus, R L. Tilson Jan 2004

Agroforestry, Elephants, And Tigers: Balancing Conservation Theory And Practice In Human-Dominated Landscapes Of Southeast Asia, Philip J. Nyhus, R L. Tilson

Faculty Scholarship

Large mammal populations theoretically are best conserved in landscapes where large protected areas are surrounded by buffer zones, connected by corridors, and integrated into a greater ecosystem. Multi-use buffer zones, including those containing complex agroforestry systems, are promoted as one strategy to provide both economic benefits to people and conservation benefits to wildlife. We use the island of Sumatra, Indonesia to explore the benefits and limitations of this strategy. We conclude that conservation benefits are accrued by expanding the habitat available for large mammals but more attention needs to be focused on how to reduce and respond to human–wildlife conflict …


Influence Of The Pacific Decadal Oscillation On Hydrochemistry Of The Rio Grande, Usa, And Mexico, Fasong Yuan, Seiichi Miyamoto Jan 2004

Influence Of The Pacific Decadal Oscillation On Hydrochemistry Of The Rio Grande, Usa, And Mexico, Fasong Yuan, Seiichi Miyamoto

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

The hydrochemistry has been examined using the major element composition of river water at 12 gauging stations along the Rio Grande. As the Rio Grande Basin consists of two watersheds that have different hydrologic and climatic regimes, two chloride concentration records from the El Paso and Falcon Dam gauging stations have been extracted to reflect long-term variability in river chemistry of the upper and lower basins over the last 50–70 years. Both records contain decadal variability in chloride concentration but are different in nature. The chloride concentration record from the upper basin displays a distinct pattern of decadal variability similar …


Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913), Charles H. Smith Jan 2004

Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913), Charles H. Smith

DLPS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Microbial Endemism And Biogeography, Brian P. Hedlund, James T. Staley Jan 2004

Microbial Endemism And Biogeography, Brian P. Hedlund, James T. Staley

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The topic of microbial biogeography is almost 100 years old, however, when confronted with questions about the existence and extent of endemism in the microbial world, many microbiologists respond with opinions and theoretical arguments rather than examples of well-conducted studies. We begin this chapter with an overview of this debate as it applies to free-living prokayotes in part because there are relatively few good microbial biogeography studies. Furthermore, the arguments help to frame microbial biogeography in the larger context of biodiversity in that if endemism is common, then many more species exist.


Grass Or Trees? Performance Of Riparian Buffers Under Natural Rainfall Conditions, Australia, Lucy Mckergow, I Prosser, R Grayson, David Weaver, D Heiner Jan 2004

Grass Or Trees? Performance Of Riparian Buffers Under Natural Rainfall Conditions, Australia, Lucy Mckergow, I Prosser, R Grayson, David Weaver, D Heiner

Journal articles

Riparian vegetation can trap sediment and nutrients derived from hillslopes. Most research into the effectiveness of riparian buffers has been experimental and little quantitative data exists on performance under natural field conditions. This study reports on grass and tree buffer performance under natural rainfall conditions in two contrasting Australian environments. Buffers receiving runoff from hillslopes cropped with bananas were monitored over a 4-year period in the wet topics of Far North Queensland (FNQ). Runoff, bedload and suspended loads were measured leaving the crop and leaving 15 m wide dense grass and remnant rainforest riparian buffers. The grass buffer was able …


The Natural History And Morphology Of The Eastern Cricket Frog, Acris Crepitans Crepitans, In West Virginia, Kimberly Ann Bayne Jan 2004

The Natural History And Morphology Of The Eastern Cricket Frog, Acris Crepitans Crepitans, In West Virginia, Kimberly Ann Bayne

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Two subspecies of cricket frogs, Acris crepitans blanchardi and Acris crepitans crepitans, historically have occurred in West Virginia. The range of Acris c. blanchardi, Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, begins along the Ohio River extending into West Virginia. The Eastern Cricket Frog, Acris c. crepitans, is found in counties located in the eastern panhandle. The Eastern Cricket Frog is a species of great concern. Two sites where Acris c. crepitans historically occurred, two sites that never contained A. c. crepitans, one historical site that currently has A. c. crepitans, and two new sites that have A. c. crepitans were studied by auditory …


An Unusual Lava Cave From Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Frederick Belton Jan 2004

An Unusual Lava Cave From Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania, Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Frederick Belton

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

A new type of lava cave is described from the summit crater of Ol Doinyo Lengai, a unique active carbonatite volcano in Tanzania. This and other similar caves on Ol Doinyo Lengai are formed by thermal erosion and aqueous dissolution of otherwise solid spatter cones. Meteoritic water and endogenous condensates act to form speleothems of complex mineralogy up to 3 m in length. We propose the new classification of “polygenetic spatter cone cave”.