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The Influence Of Soil Profile Horizons On Root Distribution Of White Pine (Pinus Strobus), Harold J. Lutz, Joseph B. Ely Jr., Silas Little Jr.

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Relative Efficiency Of Roots And Tops Of Plants In Protecting . The Soil From Erosion, Joseph Kramer, J. E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

An increasing realization of the importance of preventing or controlling soil erosion has resulted in numerous scientific investigations. Some of these are concerned with soil characteristics which promote or retard erosivity (Middleton, '30; Middleton et al., '34; Lutz, '34; and Bouyoucos, '35). Many have to do with engineering methods of reducing soil wastage (Bates and Zeasman, '30; Ramser, '30; Roe, '33; and Bartel, '35). But perhaps most were planned to discover the effects of plants in protecting and binding the soil, reducing runoff, and consequent loss of soil and subsoil (Sampson and Weyl, '18; Duley and Miller, '23; Lowdermilk, …

Observations On Thinning And Management Of Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus Linnaeus) In Southern New Hampshire, Ralph C. Hawley

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

In October, 1905, several permanent sample plots were in the white pine type near Keene, New Hampshire, by the United States Forest Service in cooperation with the Faulkner and Colony Manufacturing Company on lands owned by the latter. The purpose of the investigation was to study some effects of thinnings and of partial (shelterwood) cuttings for establishing natural regeneration. The plots were remeasured in 1909 and again in 1915 by representatives of the United States Forest Service, but after the 1915 measurement they were turned over to the Yale School of Forestry.* In 1920, 1925, 1930, and 1935 the plots …

Factors Controlling Initial Establishment Of Western White Pine And Associated Species, Irvine T. Haig

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The principal object of the study was to determine the roles played by important physical factors of site, chiefly as these vary with overhead shade and hence are within the control of the silviculturist at the time of logging. No special effort was made to study the effect of biotic agents under natural conditions. Indeed, in order to insure as large a sample of seedlings as possible on which to follow losses caused by physical factors, biotic agents were discouraged wherever feasible. But as records of all mortality losses were kept by cause, some information was collected on the activity …

The Tympanis Canker Of Red Pine, John Raymond Hansbrough

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

A new disease of red pine has recently been found in southern Connecticut, Rhode Island, eastern Massachusetts, western and central New York, northern New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, central Ohio, and southern Michigan. It is of serious consequence only on plantation-grown red pine, but it also occurs occasionally on eastern white pine. On the former host it is characterized by axially elongated, annual main-stem cankers which are always centered at the nodes. Infection takes place through adhering lateral dead branches and the growth of the fungus after it gains entrance to the stem.is usually very rapid-Le., cankers up to three feet …

Artificial Pruning In Coniferous Plantations, Ralph C. Hawley, Robert T. Clapp

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The pruning practices here outlined should be applicable on the thousands of acres of coniferous plantations which have been established in southern New England and portions of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania having similar forest conditions.

A Swedish-English Vocabulary For Foresters, Joshua Lee Deen, Adolph Burnett Benson, Matts Juhlin Dannfelt

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

This little volume is the result of the growing interest in Swedish forestry in English-speaking countries.

Ecological Relations In The Pitch Pine Plains Of Southern New Jersey, Harold J. Lutz

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

An investigation was undertaken with the primary object of determining the factors responsible for the peculiar development of the vegetation in the Plains community. The conclusion ·is reached that the Plains areas are capable of supporting forest growth similar to that in the Pine Barrens. Inasmuch as the Plains owe their continued existence to repeated fires, it is obvious that effective fire protection is the first and most important step toward their rehabilitation.

The European Pine Shoot Moth (Rhyacionia Buoliana Schiff.): With Special Reference To Its Occurrence In The Eli Whitney Forest, Roger B. Friend, Allen S. West Jr

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The European pine shoot moth has been recognized as a pest .in Europe for over a century. It was first discovered in the United States in 1914, since when it has become a serious enemy of red pine. The insect is becoming increasingly abundant in this country and is known to be present in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, possibly Florida, and in the provinces of Ontario and British .Columbia in Canada. Some fifteen species of pines susceptible to injury in varying degree have been reported as hosts .of this insect, …

Some Aspects Of An Early Expression Of Dominance In White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.), J Lee Deen

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

A series of temporary plots was made for the purpose of observing and noting (1) the factors affecting an expression of dominance of white pine (Pinus strobus Linnaeus) and (2) the relationship between dominance and the development of white pine stands. Twenty natural stands and thirteen plantation stands were studied.

Selection Cuttings For The Small Forest Owner, Ralph C. Hawley, Allen W. Goodspeed

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The purpose of this publication is to indicate to owners of small forests methods of harvesting wood and timber and developing future timber crops which .are likely to prove more profitable than those followed in the past. Cutting practices here described have been applied for some years in the Eli Whitney Forest, New Haven, Conn., where forest areas in various stages of treatment can be ·seen.

The Transportation Of Wood In Chutes, Alexander M. Koroleff, Ralph Clement Bryant

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

Artificial channels, known as chutes, in which logs and bolts may be transported down steep slopes by means of gravity, were devised several centuries ago in the mountainous regions of Europe and later were used by north American loggers, especially in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania. They operate most advantageously on grades that are far in excess of those on which wheeled vehicles or sleds can be used safely, and they are most serviceable for moving timber on terrain which is so steep or broken that the construction cost of suitable roads is prohibitive.

Trenched Plots Under Forest Canopies, James W. Toumey, Raymond Kienholz

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The relative importance of light and soil moisture in particular is better known than that of other environmental factors. We are coming to believe that the nature and condition of the reproduction and other surface vegetation beneath living canopies are not due to any single factor such as light or soil moisture, but to a complex of factors.

Root Growth Of White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.), Clark Leavitt Stevens

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

Periodic measurements were made throughout two growing seasons to determine the rate of growth in length of lateral roots of white pine, four to six years old, planted in open fields.....Wide variation between individual roots was observed in the amount of growth made annually.

The Eli Whitney Forest: A Demonstration Of Forestry Practice, Ralph C. Hawley, William Maughan

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

This publication has been prepared as a contribution toward solving some of the forestry problems with which owners of woodland are confronted. Forest conditions and details and methods of forest management on one property, the Eli Whitney Forest, are set forth here in the hope that the recital may provide a helpful object lesson.

The Effect Of Soil Moisture On The Establishment Of Spruce Reproduction In British Columbia, Percy Munson Barr

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

Most of the field work has been conducted at the Aleza Lake Forest Experiment Station, in the valley of the Upper Fraser River, near the city of Prince George [British Columbia].

I. A series of twelve permanent plots (numbers 1 to 12) was established for the purpose of studying the occurrence of natural reproduction on various types of seed bed, under different densities of overwood and on northern and southern aspects. 2. A second series of four plots (numbers 17 to 20) was laid out in logged-off land for the purpose of studying the survival and growth of advance reproduction …

Diameter Distribution Series In Evenaged Forest Stands, Walter H. Meyer

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

BOTH in natural and in planted forest stands trees vary greatly in diameter, form, and height, even when the trees are all of the same age. For example, in a natural forest stand of Douglas fir, aged seventy years and located on a poor growing site, the trees may range from 5 to 18 inches in diameter at breast height (4.5 feet above the ground). The numbers of trees in the range of diameter .classes are not equal, but are small in classes at the extremes of the range and large in the central classes. If these numbers were plotted …

Control Of The White Pine Weevil On The Eli Whitney Forest, William Maughan

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

During the summer of 1930 the author made an investigation to determine the actual results of the control work. The results show that the weevil can be controlled on certain sites. The removal of infested tips brings about a marked reduction in the amount of infestation evident during succeeding years. The reduction first becomes noticeable the second or third year after the work is started. In the stands in which treatment has been completed more than enough acceptable stems have been secured on the medium and better sites. On the poorer sites enough acceptable stems are not secured even though …

Colloidal Content And Related Soil Factors As Indicators Of Site Quality, Irvine T. Haig

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

This paper presents a study of the correlation between soil colloidal content and soil productiveness and hence a measure of the value of colloidal content in determining site quality. The character of this investigation also permitted incidental observation and comment on the relative value of organic matter, soil acidity, and soil type and class as similar measures. The findings are directly applicable to the forest soils of southern Connecticut and, more particularly, to such of these soils as occur commonly in the vicinity of New Haven. Since these soils are typical of the brown, weakly podsolized forest soils of southern …

Some Aspects Of Soil Moisture In The Forest, Ian J. Craib

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

By determining the moisture content of carefully selected soil samples taken at various depths down to three feet, the moisture content of soils in the forest and in the open have been compared. The soils investigated were similar in their mechanical properties. Part I is an investigation of the effect of forest cover on the amount of water in the soil over the growing season and its availability. Part II is an investigation of the effect of root competition on the available water supply of forest soils.

Some Aspects Of Light In The Forest, Amihud Grasovsky

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

In this present investigation an attempt is made to determine experimentally to what extent light controls the vegetation on the forest floor and, consequently, succession of the forest flora, and whether under natural canopies light can be looked upon as a limiting factor in plant survival.

The general conclusion reached is that the intensity and quality of the light reaching the forest floor are not the determining factors in accounting for the presence or absence of reproduction in the fully stocked forest where the investigation was made.

Trends And Silvicultural Significance Of Upland Forest Successions In Southern New England, Harold J. Lutz

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The problems encountered in the silvicultural treatment of southern New England forests are many. They result largely from the extremely diverse and complex conditions under which the forest is developed. Due to the glaciated nature of the region the soil character changes radically within relatively short distances. With changes in soil from place to place come minor changes of forest composition. One of the chief reasons for the problems which the silviculturalist encounters in this region is the large number of species which make up the stands. There are approximately thirty commercially important forest trees in southern New England. The …

The Testing Of Coniferous Tree Seeds At The School Of Forestry, Yale University, 1906-1926, James W. Toumey, Clark L. Stevens

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

Quality in forest tree seed centers in (a) origin; (b) genuineness; (c) purity; and (d) viability. The purchaser should insist on knowing the origin of the seed and the locality where it was collected.

Without seed testing establishments for investigating forest tree seeds by standardized methods under an established technique, nurserymen and foresters will continue to sow seed beds and undertake direct seeding without an adequate knowledge of the origin, genuineness, purity, and viability of the seeds used.

Factors Controlling Germination And Early Survival In Oaks, Clarence F. Korstian

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

There is little information available upon the seed and seedling characteristics of the American oaks. Among the fundamental problems in American silviculture, those which relate to seed efficiency are especially important. The future productiveness of the hardwood forests in which chestnut has been an important·element rests largely upon seed and sprout efficiency. Seed efficiency is governed by (I) seed production, (2) seed distribution, and (3) the factors affecting the reproductive value of the seed, such as viability, storage of seed in the litter of the forest floor, and destruction by insects and rodents.

A Second Progress Report Of The Results Secured In Treating Pure White Pine Stands On Experimental Plots At Keene, New Hampshire, Ralph C. Hawley

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

In October, 1905, nineteen permanent sample plots were established in the white pine type near Keene, New Hampshire, by the United States Forest Service in cooperation with the Faulkner and Colony Manufacturing Company on lands owned by the latter.! The plots were remeasured in 1909 and again in 1915 by representatives of the United States Forest Service. After the 1915 measurement the plots were turned over to the Yale School of Forestry. In 1920 the plots were remeasured for the third time, three additional plots were established and six of the original plots were discontinued. A fourth remeasurement was made …

Soil Temperature As Influenced By Forest Cover, Tsi-Tung Li

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of the forest on soil temperature at definite depths, expressed in terms of daily maximum and daily minimum. By forest is meant not only the trees but the surface vegetation and litter as well. Effort was made to preserve the vegetation and litter from being disturbed over the period covered by the investigation.

Studies Of Connecticut Hardwoods: The Form Of Hardwoods And Volume Tables On A Form Quotient Basis, Ralph C. Hawley, Rogers G. Wheaton

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

SATISFACTORY volume tables for Connecticut Hardwoods have been . lacking. Considering the fact that the forestry movement within the state started a quarter of a century ago, this condition may seem strange. The scarcity of large bodies of timber, the diverse mixture of species in the average stand requiring several volume tables, and the fact that timber estimating as a business is of relatively lower importance here than in the more heavily timbered regions, account for the failure to develop volume tables. Foresters working within the region have been content to estimate timber by log unit methods or to adapt …

Factors Determining Natural Reproduction Of Longleaf Pine On Cut-Over Lands In Lasalle Parish, Louisiana, Herman H. Chapman

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

The original ' pine forests, of the southern states covered from 125 to 130 million acres of land, about two-thirds of which was Longleaf pine. Four-fifths of this area had been cut over by 1920, leaving about 230 million acres, one-half of which is Longleaf pine. Of the cut-over lands, 31 million acres have not restocked. The Longleaf pine has thus been the principal tree crop on about 85 million acres of land, of which 11% million acres remained' in 1920, giving a cut-over area of nearly 73 million acres, or 114,062 square miles. This area is nearly half the …

Boxwoods, Samuel J. Record, George A. Garratt

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

True boxwood, commonly called Turkish boxwood, is derived from a small group of plants, of which the common evergreen ·box of our gardens is the type. To this group the famous botanist Linnaeus gave the generic name of Buxis, the Latin for box tree. He called the best known member of it Buxis sempervirens, which is' but another form of Ovid's "buxus perpetuo virens," the evergreen box. For long this was considered the only species, though various forms and varieties came to be recognized, several of which have since been elevated by other botanists to specific rank.

The Transportation Of Logs On Sleds, Alexander Michael Koroleff, Ralph C. Bryant

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

Heavy sleds, designed to transport timber from the forest to water courses down which it is floated or to haul it to mill or market, have been perfected chiefly in the United States and Canada. The importance of this method is indicated by the fact that it is used in transporting approximately 90 per cent of the annual log input of New England and New York, 80 per cent of that of the Lake States, and 100 per cent of that of Alaska and of Canada, exclusive of British Columbia.

The credit for the development of sled-hauling methods in the …