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The Prairie Naturalist Volume 21, No.2 June 1989

The Prairie Naturalist

THE MISSISSIPPI KITE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS ▪ E. G. Bolen and D. L. Flores

TAPE-RECORDED CHICK CALLS TO LOCATE GRAY PARTRIDGE NESTS ▪ J. P. Carroll

BORROW DISTRIBUTION OF THE THIRTEEN-LINED GROUND SQUIRREL IN GRAZED MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE: EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL HABITAT STRUCTURE ▪ D. W. Kaufman and G. A. Kaufman

PIPING PLOVERS NESTING AT NELSON RESERVOIR, MONTANA ▪ D. W. Prellwitz, T. A. Prellwitz, K. L. Stutzman, and J. W. Stutzman

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1988 ▪ R. N. Randall

CHANGING HABITATS IN THE PLATTE RIVER VALLEY OF NEBRASKA ▪ J. …

Diel Vertical Migration And Feeding Of Underyearling Bear Lake Sculpin Cottus Extensus (Pisces, Cottidae), Darcy Neverman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Underyearling Bear Lake sculpin exhibit a diel pattern of vertical migration throughout the pelagic region of Bear Lake (Utah-Idaho) until they are approximately 22 mm standard length. Individuals move from the bottom of the lake (5° C) during the day into the water column (13-16° C) at night. The migration, however, is not related to feeding. Although the dominant copepod in the water column, Epischura nevadensis, do undergo a similar diel vertical migration, stomach analysis of juvenile sculpin captured by trawling shows that they do not feed in the water column. Instead, from July through October, their diet is dominated …

Impact Of Root Competition On Survival And Growth Of Seedlings Of Important Great Basin Species, Günther Reichenberger

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Belowground competition is pronounced in the arid Great Basin sagebrush ecosystem. Plant demographic and root exclusion approaches were used to examine the influence of roots of adult Artemisia tridentata, Agropyron desertorum, and Agropyron spicatum individuals on seedling survival of Ar. tridentata, Ag. desertorum, Ag. spicatum, and Bromus tectorum. Furthermore, growth rates of Ar. tridentata seedlings and seed production of B. tectorum were assessed.

The probability of a seedling being alive versus dead significantly depended on the seedling species, the neighboring adult species, and on the depth to which root competition was excluded. As seedlings, …

Wolf Population Survival In An Area Of High Road Density, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolf mortality in a high-road-density area of Minnesota exceeds that in an adjacent wilderness, and is primarily human-caused. The wolf population there is maintained primarily by ingress from the adjacent wilderness areas. A road density of 0.58 km/km² can be exceeded and the area still support wolves if it is adjacent to extensive roadless areas.

An Electron Microscopic Study Of The Adherence Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus To Human Intestinal Cells In Vitro, S. K. Hood, E. A. Zottola

Food Structure

In this study, transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize the adherence of Lactobacillus acidophilus to human intestinal tissue cells (HITC) in vitro. There appeared to be a layer of electron dense material on the bacterial cell and on the intestinal cell which may mediate adherence. When L. acidophilus attached to intestinal tissue cells after a short contact period, it did not appear to disrupt the integrity of the intestinal cell. Treatment of the bacterium with sodium periodate and concanavalin A reduced the adherence to HITC, suggesting that a carbohydrate was involved. Electron micrographs of periodate-treated cells revealed that the …

Annual Report Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, 1988-89, Paul E. Rider

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Starting in 1976, annual reports have served as a continuing record of the activities of the Iowa Academy of Science. These augment a 100 year history of the Academy which was written in the centennial year of 1975.

This report covers the period from July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1989. It is based on the official records of the Academy (committee reports, Board minutes, correspondence) as well as the recollections, impressions and musings of the author, who is writing his first annual report.

Leaf Anatomy Of The Goetzeaceae, Scott Zona

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A comparative study of the leaf anatomy ofthree species of three genera of Goetzeaceae (Henoonia, Goetzea, and Espadaea) revealed a number of characteristics common to all genera, viz. anomocytic stomata, sinuous anticlinal epidermal walls, both glandular and uniseriate nonglandular trichomes, crystal sand and druses in the mesophyll (often in the same cell), and intraxylary phloem. The mid veins of these species exhibit secondary growth and parenchymatous rays. The unifying anatomical features of this family are, however, not uncommon in the Solanaceae. The results of this study support placement of the Goetzeaceae in or very near Solanaceae. …

Neue Literatur (Page 42), Martin-Luther-Universität

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Neue literatur listed on page 42 of Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolischen Volsrepublik, Band 6 (1985/1986).

In der Zeitschrift Polish Ecological Studies, Vol. 8, No 1-2 (1982) erschienen folgende Beiträge.

In der Zeitschrift "Acta Facultatis Rerum Naturalium Universitatis Comenianae" Zoologia Nr. 28 (1985), Bratislava, erschienen folgende Beiträge.

Bats Of The Ouachita Mountains, David A. Saugey, Darrell R. Heath, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A survey was conducted from June, 1982 through January, 1989 to determine the occurrence of bat species in the Ouachita Mountain region of west-central Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma, with emphasis on censusing lands managed by the USDA Forest Service, Ouachita National Forest. Seven genera and 13 species of bats in the families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae were captured. Species represented included: Eptesicus fuscus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus, Myotis austroriparius, Myotis keenii, Myotis leibii, Myotis lucifugus, Myotissodalis, Nycticeius humeralis, Pipistrellus subflavus, and Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala.

Residual Influence Of Macronutrient Enrichment On The Aquatic Food Web Of An Okefenokee Swamp Abandoned Bird Rookery, J. Douglas Oliver, Steven A. Schoenberg

Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present evidence for residual nutrient enrichment of diverse components of a blackwater marsh, by a biotic component of the ecosystem itself. Thousands of nesting white ibis (Eudocimus albus) that foraged over a 20-km radius fertilized a rookery with guano within Okefenokee Swamp. Georgia. USA. One to two yr after the birds abandoned it. this marsh showed continued enrichment effects. Elevated available phosphorus in sediments, as measured by equilibrium phosphate concentration, contributed to enhanced biomass of phytoplankton in the overlying water column. Planktivorous fish were greater in biomass than at reference sites. Experimental phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization of enclosures at …

An Illustrated Key To The Chaetognatha Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico With Notes On Their Distribution, Jerry A. Mclelland

Gulf and Caribbean Research

A key is provided to facilitate the identification of 24 species in nine genera of Chaetognatha occurring in the northem Gulf of Mexico. Included are the deep-water species, Eukrohnia proboscidea, E. calliops, Mesosagitta sibogae, and Sagitta megalophthalma, all recent additions to the known fauna of the region. Meristic data, brief descriptions, ecological notes, Gulf of Mexico records, and illustrations are also presented.

Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracardia) Of The Gulf Of Mexico. Vi. On The Genus Mesotanais Dollfus, 1897 With Descriptions Of Two New Species, M. Longisetosus And M. Vadicola, Jurgen Sieg, Richard W. Heard

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Two new species of tanaidaceans belonging to the family Leptocheliidae were collected from the continental shelves and slopes of the eastem and Gulf coasts of the United States. Both of these species are assigned to the poorly known genus Mesotanais Dollfus, 1897. Mesotanais is unique within the Leptocheliidae because its members lack eyes. The second supposedly important generic character, uniramous uropods, reported in the original description is considered to be a misdiagnosis. The assumption of this error is supported by the rediscovery of the type-species, Mesotanais dubius Dollfus, 1897 (Sieg and Bird, in press). In the present study, the genus …

Distribution Of Amoebidium And Smittium Species (Trichomycetes) In Mosquito Larvae On The Platte River Floodplain Of Central Nebraska, Roger D. Grigg, Marvin C. Williams

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Trichomycetes (fungi) inhabit the digestive tract of insects and other arthropods. Two genera. Smittium and Amoehidium, were collected from mosquito larvae (Culicidae) from 36 sites in a six-county area of central Nebraska, U.S.A., in the Platte River floodplain during the summers of 1986 and 1987. When present, thirty mosquito larvae per site per month were identified at the fourth instar, checked for the epizooite A. parasiticum, and then dissected and the gut examined by phase-contrast microscopy for S. culisetae and S. culicis. In 1986, 17 species of mosquito larvae from six genera (n = 665) were dissected …

Loss Of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International Solutions: A Report To The National Science Board, Craig Call Black, Perry L. Adkisson, Gardner Mallard Brown, Rita Rossi Colwell, Charles E. Hess, James B. Holderman, K. June Lindstedt-Siva, William A. Nierenberg, Peter Hamilton Raven, Theodore M. Smith, Edward O. Wilson, W. Franklin Harris

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Executive Summary

Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organized at many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative abundance (OTA, 1987).

There is an ongoing, unprecedented loss of the variety as well as absolute numbers of organisms-from the smallest microorganism to the largest and most spectacular of …

Studies Of Learning And Memory In Natural Contexts : Integrating Functional And Mechanistic Approaches To Behavior, Alan Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

My purpose in this paper is to describe two research projects that combine experimental psychology and behavioral ecology . The first employs the operant conditioning technology developed by psychologists to test hypotheses arising from ecological studies of foraging animals. The second uses concepts from natural history and ecology to explore the nature and evolution of spatial memory. These two projects demonstrate both the advantages and the challenges of interdisciplinary work.

There are many advantages to combining psychological and biological perspectives on the behavior of animals. But truly interdisciplinary work is rare, mostly because it is so difficult to achieve meaningful …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 20, No. 4. December 1988

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RANGE PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE CENTRAL GRASSLAND RESEARCH STATION IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA ▪ C. L Lura, W. T. Barker, and P. E. Nyren

SEASONAL PATTERNS IN SAMPLING DATA FOR LARGEMOUTH BASS AND BLUE GILLS IN A NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS IMPOUNDMENT ▪ E. A. Bettross and D. W. Willis

INTRODUCTION, ESTABLISHMENT, AND DISPERSAL OF WESTERN MOSQUITOFISH IN NEBRASKA (ACTINOPTERYGII: POECILIIDAE) ▪ J. D. Lynch

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ECOLOGY OF CHIGGERS (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) FROM SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ E. R. Easton and W. …

Sulfur Accumulation In Xylem Tissue Of Forest Trees From Kentucky & Tennessee & Its Relation To Yearly Growth, Jennifer Sharp

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The levels of sulfur present in xylem tissue of Quercus alba (white oak) show a statistically significant increase from 1970 to 1983. This increase was found in trees from three different sites in Kentucky and Tennessee. The levels of sulfur present in Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) show a statistically significant increase from 1955 to 1970. Sensitivity, growth response to the tree's environment, decreased in oaks from 1933 to 1968 but increased slightly in hemlocks during the same time period. The data tend to support a direct relationship between increasing sulfur levels and a reduction in growth. Physiological and ecological studies of …

Department Of Entomology Newsletter - No. 5, Part 1, 1988, George R. Manglitz

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

When the last Newsletter was published in 1976 (No.4), it was assumed that it would be followed by another In 4 or 5 years. And indeed, considerable effort has been expended on the production of No.5. However, for various very good reasons No.5, although close to publication several times, aborted several times. Now largely because this is the centennial year of our Department, we feel that we can wait no longer. Because of that fact, the format of this Newsletter will be slightly different from those in the past. We have the "news" that you furnished about yourselves 5 or …

Voltinism And The Induction Of Aestival Diapause In The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Maurice J. Tauber, Catherine A. Tauber, John J. Obrycki, Brian Gollands, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field studies over 3 yr demonstrated that overwintering populations of the Colorado potato beetle in upstate New York and on Long Island are composed of adults from both the first and second summer generations. The two populations from the climatically different regions differ in their responses to environmental factors that influence voltinism. The critical photoperiod for aestival diapause induction is longer, and the induction of diapause by low temperature is greater, in the population from the cooler, inland locality (upstate New York) than in the population from the warm coastal area (Long Island). Under the long days of early summer, …

Effect Of Fertilization On Woody Plant Chemistry: The Role In Diet Selection By Goats, Amanuel Gobena

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lack of forage quantity and quality limit livestock production during the dry season in northeast Brazil. Coppice produced following cutting of tree species in this area has the potential to increase forage quantity and quality during the dry season, because trees that coppice retain green foliage throughout most of the dry season. However, the palatability of coppice is often low.

From a theoretical standpoint, woody plants with inherently slow growth rate should be less palatable to herbivores than plants with inherently fast growth rates, because plants that grow slowly allocate more carbon to compounds such as tannins and resins that …

Dna Probe Method For The Detection Of Specific Microorganisms In The Soil Bacterial Community, William Holben, Janet K. Jansson, Barry K. Chelm, James M. Tiedje

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We developed a protocol which yields purified bacterial DNA from the soil bacterial community. The bacteria were first dispersed and separated from soil particles in the presence of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, which removes humic acid contaminants by adsorption to this insoluble polymer. The soil bacteria were then collected by centrifugation and lysed by using a comprehensive protocol designed to maximize disruption of the various types of bacteria present. Total bacterial DNA was purified from the cell lysate and remaining soil contaminants by using equilibrium density gradients. The isolated DNA was essentially pure as determined by UV spectral analysis, was at least 48 …

Policy For Identifying And Assessing The Health Risks Of Toxic Substances, Maine Bureau Of Health

Maine Collection

Policy for Identifying and Assessing the Health Risks of Toxic Substances

by Norman T. Anderson, Environmental Toxicology Program, Division of Disease Control, Bureau of Health (February, 1988).

Contents: Section I: Introduction / Section II: Methods / Section III: Exposure Assessment / Section IV: Hazard Identification / Section V: Hazard Assessment / Section VI: Risk Characterization / List of Figures / List of Tables

Wpa News 19 (1988), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (February 1988), number 19

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Letter To The Editors: Critical Comments On A Recent Letter To The Editors Regarding The Use Of Frozen Carcasses In Parasite Surveys, Danny B. Pence, John M. Aho, Albert O. Bush, Albert G. Canaris, Joseph A. Conti, William R. Davidson, Terry A. Dick, Gerald W. Esch, Timothy Goater, Wynn Fitzpatrick, Donald J. Forrester, John C. Holmes, William M. Samuel, John M. Kinsella, Janice Moore, Robert L. Rausch, William Threlfall, Terry A. Wheeler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Critical comments on a letter to the editors of the Journal of Parasitology regarding the use of frozen carcasses in parasite surveys.

The Bog Forest Community At Cranberry Glades, West Virginia, Amy Casdorph Kokesh

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

An investigation of the Bog Forest Community of the Cranberry Glades Botanical Area and Cranberry Wilderness/ Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, revealed a dominance of mixed conifers and northern hardwoods. The composition of the forest was determined through vegetational analysis of the forest strata using the list-count quadrat method. Tsuqa canadensis, Betula alleqhaniensis, Prunus serotina, and Picea rubens were dominant while eight additional species in the arboreal stratum were found to be tolerant subordinates. Rhododendron maximum dominated the understory/shrub stratum forming thickets along the interior boundary of the bog forest. The herbaceous stratum was characterized by species generally affiliated with …

A Taxonomic And Distributional Study Of The Adult Caddisflies Of The Family Leptoceridae (Insecta: Trichoptera) Of West Virginia, James B. Glover

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A survey of the adult Leptoceridae of West Virginia revealed 27 species, 25 of which were state records. The most abundant genus in the state was Ceraclea which had ten different species. Triaenodes had six different species, while Oecetis had five. The most common species in the state included C. cancellatus, C. maculate, O. avara, and O. inconspicua. Species that were abundant only in the larger rivers of the western portion of the state included C. flava, C. maculata, Nectopsyche pavida, and T. ignita. C. neffi seemed to be most abundant in the higher elevations of the east. Ceraclea ophioderus, …

Effects Of Oviposition On Remating., Response To Pheromones., And Longevity In The Female Caribbean Fruit Fly., Anastrepha Suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), J. Sivinski, R. R. Heath

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Female Caribbean fruit flies with oviposition opportunities remate frequently, two-thirds of them after 1 wk and approximately one-third every subsequent week. Those with limited chances to oviposit remate less frequently, and about half of them mate only once during their lifetime. Ovipositing females regain receptivity to male-produced pheromones within a week, unlike nonlaying females. Mortality rates also are higher for egglaying females.

Ecology, Behavior, And Distribution Of Blattella Asahinai (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) In Central Florida, Richard J. Brenner, R. S. Patterson, P. G. Koehler

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, a close relative of the German cockroach, B. germanica (L.), has been discovered in over 900 km² from Tampa to Lakeland, Fla., and is prevalent in citrus groves, wooded areas, lawns, and homes. Differentiation of the two species is best accomplished by the diagnostic behavior of the Asian cockroach-it is crepuscular (sunset) and nocturnal, readily flies, is attracted at sunset to light-colored or brightly lit surfaces, and lives outdoors in large numbers. Analyses of microhabitat composition of 86 trap sites indicate that the principal habitat of the Asian cockroach is leaf litter in …

Quantitative Analysis Of Temperature., Moisture., And Diet Factors Affecting Insect Development, David W. Hagstrum, George A. Milliken

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Extensive published data on the developmental times of nine species of stored-product Coleoptera in relation to temperature, moisture, and diet were described by regression equations. At most temperatures, the order of relative influence of these factors on development was temperature > moisture > diet. However, moisture and diet influenced larval development more than temperature near the optimal temperature for development of each species. Egg, larval, and pupal stage durations at 27°C averaged 15, 66, and 19% of the total developmental time, respectively, at moistures above 12%, and 12, 72, and 15% of total developmental time at moistures below 12%. Similar percentages were …

Insect Succession In A Stored-Corn Ecosystem In Southeast Georgia, R. T. Arbogast, M. A. Mullen

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Insect populations infesting a small bulk of corn stored in southeastern Georgia were followed for 8 yr by monthly sampling beginning 8 mo after the corn was placed in storage. The species composition of the insect community changed as the corn deteriorated. Nine species became dominant at some stage of succession. Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) was the dominant species when the first sample was taken. It was succeeded a month later by Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), which declined rapidly after 2 mo of dominance and died out during the third year. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was dominant at various times during the first …