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No Sperm Morphometric Differences Between Two Snapping Turtle Species, J.D. Konvalina, S.E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined sperm morphometrics between Chelydra serpentina and Macrochelys temminckii. When both species are combined, we found significant correlations between total sperm length and sperm head length as well as sperm tail length and sperm head length. In addition, we observed significant correlations between total sperm length and sperm tail length. T-tests revealed no significant differences in any of the sperm morphometrics between the two species. Both snapping turtle species had greater values for every sperm morphometric when compared to another freshwater turtle. The strong correlation between total sperm length and sperm tail length is concurrent with what has previously …

Development And Biological Evaluation Of Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitors Of The Human Cytochrome P450 1b1, Austin Hachey

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

The human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an emerging target for small- molecule therapeutics. Several solid tumors overexpress CYP1B1 to the degree that it has been referred to as a universal tumor antigen. Conversely, its expression is low in healthy tissues. CYP1B1 may drive tumorigenesis through promoting the formation of reactive toxins from environmental pollutants or from endogenous hormone substrates. Additionally, the expression of CYP1B1 in tumors is associated with resistance to several common chemotherapies and with poor prognoses in cancer patients. However, inhibiting CYP1B1 with small molecules has been demonstrated in cellular and murine model systems to reverse this …

A Preliminary Assessment Of The Spawning Potential Ratio Of Five Target Species Of The Coastal Gillnet Fishery In Guyana And Suriname, Tomas Willems, Elford Liverpool, Michael Hiwat

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Data—limited stock assessment methods have the potential to positively impact livelihoods of fishermen around the world by providing management recommendations that aim to optimize sustainable yields from fisheries. Some years ago, a novel length— based (LB) method was developed for the assessment of spawning potential ratio (SPR), a measure of the reproductive capacity of fish stocks. We applied the LB—SPR method to 5 important target species of the coastal gillnet fishery in Guyana and Suriname. Nebris microps (Smalleye Croaker; 32% SPR) and Macrodon ancylodon (King Weakfish; 34% SPR) had the highest spawning potential, but remained below the 40% target level …

Timing Of Diversification, Dispersal, And Biogeography Of Parrots In The Genus Amazona (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) Throughout The Caribbean, Visualized In Gis, Christopher Kingwill

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Avian fossil records from across the Caribbean (Greater and Lesser Antilles) demonstrate higher avian diversity prior to extinction events due to climate change at the end of the Pleistocene and human impact across the Caribbean throughout the Holocene. Amazon parrots (Amazona) are a diverse genus of New World parrots found throughout Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean. Their phylogeny and evolutionary history, specifically for Caribbean species, has been debated in terms of source areas in Central and South America and the timing of and number of colonization events to different islands that preceded diversification into …

Occurrence Of Predation Of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) By Chub Mackerel (Scomber Japonicus) And Spotted Mackerel (Scomber Australasicus) In Miyako Bay, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, Kei Sasaki, Miwa Yatsuya, Daisuke Shimizu, Daisuke Ojima, Shinji Komatsu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In recent years, chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) have started migrating to the coastal areas off Iwate Prefecture earlier than they did previously, resulting in a geographic overlap between hatchery-bred juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) released at sea and the occurrence of predatory mackerel. To clarify whether the mackerels prey on the juvenile chum salmon, we captured adult mackerels by angling during the period when these species overlap in Miyako Bay, Iwate Prefecture. After capture, the stomach contents of the mackerel were examined using a combination of visual examinations and DNA metabarcoding analysis. As a result, …

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects On Brain Development, Miriam Bayaz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Birth defects caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, such as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), are well-documented and preventable. The etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevalence, and long-term effects of FAS are all covered in this paper’s thorough evaluation of the current state of knowledge. The teratogenic effects of alcohol on the growing fetus, as well as genetic, environmental, and maternal variables, all play a role in the complex etiology of FAS. A wide spectrum of physical, mental, and behavioral problems resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure on fetal development are discussed. FAS is characterized clinically by facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, central …

Exploring Ph Gradient Phenomena In Non-Linear Electrokinetic Microfluidic Devices, Azade Tahmasebi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Electrokinetic microfluidics is a versatile technology utilized within lab on a chip (LOC) devices for diagnostic and analytical applications; advantages include reduced resource demands, flexibility, and simplicity of use. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a precision nonlinear electrokinetic tool utilized within microfluidic microdevices to induce polarization and control bioparticle motions for applications that range from hemoglobin separations to cancer cell isolation and detection. Despite promising results, undesired side phenomena can occur in electrokinetic systems which impede reproducibility and accuracy. These unfavorable phenomena have not been comprehensively explored in the literature. Prior preliminary research suggests the fundamental phenomena originate from microelectrodes utilized in …

The Type Iv Pilus Secretin Bfpb: Structural Analysis And Binding Interactions, Janay I. Little

Theses and Dissertations

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes severe diarrhea in young children. The type IV pilus (T4P) of EPEC, known as the bundle-forming pilus (BFP), plays an important role in EPEC pathogenesis. T4Ps are a family of surface appendages that are important for adhesion, colonization, biofilm formation, virulence, twitching motility and many other functions. One essential component of the BFP system is the secretin, BfpB. Secretins are a large family of integral outer membrane proteins found in T4Ps as well as type II and type III secretion systems, and filamentous phages. Details of the secretin structure have been limited to the overall …

Methionine Restriction And Cancer Treatment: A Systems Biology Study Of Yeast To Investigate The Possible Key Players, Esra Börklü

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Dietary restriction, mainly carbon and/or methionine restriction are among the upcoming supporting interventions along with chemotherapy in various cancers. Although dietary restriction has been proven to be beneficial, the main cellular machineries affected by its administration lacks deeper information considerably, a notable pitfall in its use as a personalized nutritional approach. Materials and methods: In this study, cellular effects of methionine restriction on a yeast model are explored via systems biology approaches. The methionine biosynthesis network, constructed by integrating interaction data with gene ontology terms, was analysed topologically, and proved to be informative about the intertwined relationship of methionine …

Jonathan Franco López 1955 – 2023, Angel Moran-Silva, Rafael Chávez-López, Sergio Cházaro-Olvera

Gulf and Caribbean Research

No abstract provided.

Chd1, A Multifaceted Epigenetic Remodeler In Prostate Cancer, Haoyan Li, Loraine Gigi, Di Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chromatin remodeling proteins contribute to DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of remodelers plays crucial roles in embryonic development, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis. As the founding member, CHD1 is capable of assembling nucleosomes, remodeling chromatin structure, and regulating gene transcription. Dysregulation of CHD1 at genetic, epigenetic, and post-translational levels is common in malignancies and other human diseases. Through interacting with different genetic alterations, CHD1 possesses the capabilities to exert oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions in context-dependent manners. In this Review, we summarize the biochemical properties and dysregulation of CHD1 in cancer cells, and then discuss CHD1's …

Chemical Characterization And Biological Evaluation Of Epilobium Parviflorum Extracts In An In Vitro Model Of Human Malignant Melanoma, Sotiris Kyriakou, Venetia Tragkola, Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Mihalis Plioukas, Dimitrios T. Trafalis, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidi

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer characterised by high metastatic capacity and mortality rate. On the other hand, Epilobium parviflorum is known for its medicinal properties, including its anticancer potency. In this context, we aimed to (i) isolate various extracts of E. parviflorum, (ii) characterize their phytochemical content, and (iii) determine their cytotoxic potential in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma. To these ends, we utilized various spectrophotometric and chromatographic (UPLC-MS/MS) approaches to document the higher content of the methanolic extract in polyphenols, soluble sugars, proteins, condensed tannins, and chlorophylls -a and -b as …

Ubiquitination Of The Protocadherin-Γa3 Variable Cytoplasmic Domain Modulates Cell-Cell Interaction, Albert Ptashnik, Nicole Lamassa, Aliya Mambetalieva, Emily Schnall, Mike Bucaro, Greg R. Phillips

Publications and Research

The family of ∼60 clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) are cell adhesion molecules encoded by a genomic locus that regulates expression of distinct combinations of isoforms in individual neurons resulting in what is thought to be a neural surface “barcode” which mediates same-cell interactions of dendrites, as well as interactions with other cells in the environment. Pcdh mediated same-cell dendrite interactions were shown to result in avoidance while interactions between different cells through Pcdhs, such as between neurons and astrocytes, appear to be stable. The cell biological mechanism of the consequences of Pcdh based adhesion is not well understood although various signaling …

Soil Profile Properties And Greenhouse Gas Emissions As Influenced By Long-Term Cattle Manure And Inorganic Fertilizer Applications Under Corn-Soybean-Spring Wheat Rotation In Eastern South Dakota, Anuoluwa Ojonoka Sangotayo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The application of manure and inorganic fertilizer in row crops may significantly influence soil and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding the long-term influence of these management practices on soil pore characteristics, hydro-physical properties and greenhouse gas emission is essential in developing proper conservation practices. However, there is limited information on the impact of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer application on soil hydro-physical properties, soil pore characteristics at lower depths and surface GHGs emissions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to; (i) utilize X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technique to quantify the impact of manure and fertilizer amendments under a corn …

Identification And Characterization Of Bacteriophages For Phage Cocktail Formulation Specific To Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Pattida Kongsomboonchoke

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly found in elderlies, infants, hospitalized patients, and most women. UTIs are caused by a variety of pathogens with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is mostly prevalence. Even though UPEC can be treated with several antibiotics, the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR)-UPEC renders the antibiotic treatment no longer successful. Therapy using phages, which are bacterial viruses, has been considered but it is limited by bacterial resistance that develops during evolution. Fortunately, the suppression of phage resistance can be improved when used several phages as a cocktail. Here, I aim to formulate an efficient phage cocktail …

Covidanno, Covid-19 Annotation In Human, Yuzhou Feng, Mengyuan Yang, Zhiwei Fan, Weiling Zhao, Pora Kim, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has caused a global health crisis. Despite ongoing efforts to treat patients, there is no universal prevention or cure available. One of the feasible approaches will be identifying the key genes from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. SARS-CoV-2-infected in vitro model, allows easy control of the experimental conditions, obtaining reproducible results, and monitoring of infection progression. Currently, accumulating RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 in vitro models urgently needs systematic translation and interpretation. To fill this gap, we built COVIDanno, COVID-19 annotation in humans, available at http://biomedbdc.wchscu.cn/COVIDanno/. The aim …

3pnmf-Mkl: A Non-Negative Matrix Factorization-Based Multiple Kernel Learning Method For Multi-Modal Data Integration And Its Application To Gene Signature Detection\, Saurav Mallik, Anasua Sarkar, Sagnik Nath, Ujjwal Maulik, Supantha Das, Soumen Kumar Pati, Soumadip Ghosh, Zhongming Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In this current era, biomedical big data handling is a challenging task. Interestingly, the integration of multi-modal data, followed by significant feature mining (gene signature detection), becomes a daunting task. Remembering this, here, we proposed a novel framework, namely, three-factor penalized, non-negative matrix factorization-based multiple kernel learning with soft margin hinge loss (3PNMF-MKL) for multi-modal data integration, followed by gene signature detection. In brief, limma, employing the empirical Bayes statistics, was initially applied to each individual molecular profile, and the statistically significant features were extracted, which was followed by the three-factor penalized non-negative matrix factorization method used for data/matrix fusion …

Antimalarial And Antimicrobial Activities Of Some Heteroleptic Metal(Ii) Complexes Of Sulfadiazine–Vitamin C: Synthesis And Spectroscopic Studies, Ikechukwu P. Ejidike, Mercy O. Bamigboye, Dorcas A. Fadare, Juliana B. Adetunji, Joshua A. Obaleye

Tanzania Journal of Science

Some new Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) of mixed Sulphadiazine and Vitamin C complexes have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, and magnetic measurements. Both ligands used for this research work act as bidentate ligands towards the central metal ions coordinating through the nitrogen atoms of >C=N–, NH2 groups of Sulphadiazine and oxygen atoms of OH, CO groups of Vitamin C. Tetrahedral and square-planar geometries have been proposed for the complexes. The complexes are stable under atmospheric conditions. The ligands and their complexes were screened for antimicrobial activities against some …

Isolation, Culture, And Immunophenotypic Analysis Of Bone Marrow Hspcs From Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Irene Ganan-Gomez, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Simona Colla

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Drug testing assays in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are fundamental in biological studies of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) but have historically entailed a technical challenge. This protocol allows the efficient isolation of MDS HSPCs from bone marrow mononuclear cell fractions and their culturing with the support of stromal cells for improved maintenance during drug testing. Lastly, specific steps are given to quantify surviving cells and assess changes in the HSPC hierarchies.

For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ganan-Gomez et al. (2022).

Understanding The Ahupua'a: Using Remote Sensing To Measure Upland Erosion And Evaluate Coral Reef Structure, Logan Kalaiwaipono Ellis

Theses and Dissertations

Under ever intensifying pressures from land use, climate change, and erosion, tropical islands are among the most vulnerable systems in the world. Terrestrial systems are weakened by intensifying land use patterns, the weakening of which is highlighted when high intensity rainfall events erode sediment and leads to sediment deposition on the marine system. The deposition of sediment on the marine system is a major stressor that can lead to weakened coral reefs and a decrease in marine resources commonly gathered for food. These interactions have led to the emergence of biocultural resource management strategies, one of which is the ahupua'a …

Étude Visant À Mieux Guider L’Évaluation Des Risques Des Travailleurs Exposés Aux Nanoparticules (Np) : Existe-T-Il Différentes Propriétés Inflammatoires Des Np Liées Au Sexe?, Marion Vanharen, Abdelaziz Saafane, Alexanne Léveillé, Thomas Mahbeer, Denis Girard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les nanotechnologies offrent un important potentiel d’exploitation dans des secteurs industriels variés, pour lequel les bénéfices financiers ne sont pas négligeables. À l’instar des provinces canadiennes et de nombreux pays industrialisés, le Québec voit un nombre grandissant de compagnies produisant des nanomatériaux et des nanoparticules (NP) se développer, sans oublier celles qui introduisent de plus en plus de NP dans leurs produits. Le nombre de travailleurs québécois œuvrant dans la fabrication et dans la synthèse des NP augmentera dans les années à venir. De plus, le nombre de travailleurs appelés à manipuler et à transformer des NP dans les domaines …

Bis-Indolyl Compounds And The Induction Of Apoptosis In T98g Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells, Margot C. Brown

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

1,1-bis(3’idolyl)-1(aryl)methane compounds (BIM compounds) have been shown to have anti-cancer properties in colon cancer, bladder cancer, and leukemia cells. The purpose of this work was to determine if BIM compounds could be an effective treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays showed that 20µM of the BIM compounds could inhibit cellular proliferation of the T98G glioblastoma multiforme cell line over 72 hours. Then immunoblotting was used to analyze the molecular pathway induced by BIM compounds. An increase in the expression of both BAX and cleaved caspase 3 suggest BIM compounds activate programmed cell death, or apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. …

Isolation Of Drug-Sensitive Eimeria Species From Wild Turkey Feces And Development Of A Model Bioshuttle Program For Eimeria Meleagrimitis For Domestic Turkeys, Maria Carolina Trujillo Peralta

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this thesis was to determine the anticoccidial profile of Eimeria spp. derived from wild turkeys. These drug-sensitive Eimeria spp. have potential to be used as vaccine candidates to control coccidiosis in commercial turkeys. Chapter two consists of a brief literature review focused on coccidiosis in turkeys. Chapter three addresses the methodologies utilized to isolate, recover, and speciate Eimeria recovered from wild turkey feces in the eastern two-thirds of the United States. From this, we successfully obtained single oocyst-derived stocks for E. meleagrimitis, E. dispersa, E. meleagridis, E. gallopavonis, and E. adenoeides. Chapter four describes the experiment conducted …

Mitochondrial Functions Are Major Targets Of Isocyanide Activity In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Morgan A. Siemek

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The isocyanide functional group is important in the synthesis of many organic compounds and is found in natural products produced by plants, bacteria, marine invertebrates, and fungi. The antimicrobial activities of isocyanide compounds have been documented for almost 70 years, however, the biochemical targets and mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. We report antimicrobial activity of 4-para-nitrophenyl-isocyanide (p-NPIC) against a model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. To identify the cellular and molecular targets of p-NPIC, we screened the non-essential single gene-deletion collection of S. cerevisiae. We …

Structural Variants Drive Context-Dependent Oncogene Activation In Cancer, Zhichao Xu, Dong-Sung Lee, Sahaana Chandran, Victoria T Le, Rosalind Bump, Jean Yasis, Sofia Dallarda, Samantha Marcotte, Benjamin Clock, Nicholas Haghani, Chae Yun Cho, Kadir C Akdemir, Selene Tyndale, P Andrew Futreal, Graham Mcvicker, Geoffrey M Wahl, Jesse R Dixon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Higher-order chromatin structure is important for the regulation of genes by distal regulatory sequences. Structural variants (SVs) that alter three-dimensional (3D) genome organization can lead to enhancer-promoter rewiring and human disease, particularly in the context of cancer3. However, only a small minority of SVs are associated with altered gene expression4,5, and it remains unclear why certain SVs lead to changes in distal gene expression and others do not. To address these questions, we used a combination of genomic profiling and genome engineering to identify sites of recurrent changes in 3D genome structure in cancer and determine the effects of specific …

Effects Of Glycerol Application Ratio On The Distribution Of Moisture, Nicotine And Glycerol In Heated Cigarettes, Zhu Longjie, Zhang Yuan, Cao Yi, Qin Yanhua, Liu Mengmeng, Zhu Huaiyuan

Food and Machinery

Objective:In order to optimize the process parameters of tobacco sheet of heated cigarette. Methods:12 gradient grades of tobacco sheets with glycerol addition ratio of 5%~30% were prepared under laboratory conditions. The mass of moisture, nicotine and glycerol in heated cigarette smoke, filter condensation section and tobacco core section were detected by GC-TCD method. And the mass distribution characteristics of main components, release rate, filtration rate and transfer rate were analyzed. Results:When 5%~30% glycerol was applied to the heated cigarette tobacco sheets, the water release rate was 88.6%~92.3%, which was mainly distributed in the smoke and filter condensation …

Digitally Predicting Protein Localization And Manipulating Protein Activity In Fluorescence Images Using 4d Reslicing Gan, Yang Jiao, Lingkun Gu, Yingtao Jiang, Mo Weng, Mei Yang

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

While multi-channel fluorescence microscopy is a vital imaging method in biological studies, the number of channels that can be imaged simultaneously is limited by technical and hardware limitations such as emission spectra cross-talk. One solution is using deep neural networks to model the localization relationship between two proteins so that the localization of one protein can be digitally predicted. Furthermore, the input and predicted localization implicitly reflect the modeled relationship. Accordingly, observing the response of the prediction via manipulating input localization could provide an informative way to analyze the modeled relationships between the input and the predicted proteins.

Whole Genome Sequencing Of Moraxella Bovis Strains From North America Reveals Two Genotypes With Different Genetic Determinants, Emily L. Wynn, Matthew M. Hille, John Dustin Loy, Gennie Schuller, Kristen L. Kuhn, Aaron M. Dickey, James L. Bono, Michael L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi both associate with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), an economically significant and painful ocular disease that affects cattle worldwide. There are two genotypes of M. bovoculi (genotypes 1 and 2) that differ in their gene content and potential virulence factors, although neither have been experimentally shown to cause IBK. M. bovis is a causative IBK agent, however, not all strains carry a complete assortment of known virulence factors. The goals of this study were to determine the population structure and depth of M. bovis genomic diversity, and to compare core and accessory genes and …

The Immune Signatures Data Resource, A Compendium Of Systems Vaccinology Datasets., Joann Diray-Arce, Helen E R Miller, Evan Henrich, Bram Gerritsen, Matthew P Mulè, Slim Fourati, Jeremy Gygi, Thomas Hagan, Lewis Tomalin, Dmitry Rychkov, Dmitri Kazmin, Daniel G Chawla, Hailong Meng, Patrick Dunn, John Campbell, The Human Immunology Project Consortium (Hipc), Minnie Sarwal, John S Tsang, Ofer Levy, Bali Pulendran, Rafick Sekaly, Aris Floratos, Raphael Gottardo, Steven H Kleinstein, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas

Faculty Research 2022

Vaccines are among the most cost-effective public health interventions for preventing infection-induced morbidity and mortality, yet much remains to be learned regarding the mechanisms by which vaccines protect. Systems immunology combines traditional immunology with modern 'omic profiling techniques and computational modeling to promote rapid and transformative advances in vaccinology and vaccine discovery. The NIH/NIAID Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) has leveraged systems immunology approaches to identify molecular signatures associated with the immunogenicity of many vaccines. However, comparative analyses have been limited by the distributed nature of some data, potential batch effects across studies, and the absence of multiple relevant studies …

Thermal Analysis Of Ws Series Cooling Agent, 1li Yi-Rong, Zhu Rui-Zhi, Jiang Wei, Jiang Li-Hong, Yang Ji

Food and Machinery

Objective: Evaluation of the safety of WS series cooling agents for cigarettes. Methods: In this paper, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and thermogravimetric (TG) methods were used to study the pyrolysis behavior and content distribution of WS series cooling agents in tobacco under different atmospheres. Results: Through TG/DSC analysis, WS-3, WS-5, and WS-23 had only one obvious thermal weight loss stage, and the maximum weight loss rates occurred at 251.8, 281.6, and 206.5 ℃, respectively. The three cooling agents all showed sharp endothermic peaks before weight loss, and a phase transition process of melting occurred. It was speculated …