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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Caspase-Cleaved Tau Co-Localizes With Early Tangle Markers In The Human Vascular Dementia Brain, Ryan J. Day, Maria J. Mason, Chloe Thomas, Wayne W. Poon, Troy T. Rohn
Caspase-Cleaved Tau Co-Localizes With Early Tangle Markers In The Human Vascular Dementia Brain, Ryan J. Day, Maria J. Mason, Chloe Thomas, Wayne W. Poon, Troy T. Rohn
Troy T. Rohn
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia in the United States and is characterized as a cerebral vessel vascular disease that leads to ischemic episodes. Whereas the relationship between caspase-cleaved tau and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been previously described, whether caspase activation and cleavage of tau occurs in VaD is presently unknown. To investigate a potential role for caspase-cleaved tau in VaD, we analyzed seven confirmed cases of VaD by immunohistochemistry utilizing a well-characterized antibody that specifically detects caspase-cleaved tau truncated at Asp421. Application of this antibody (TauC3) revealed consistent …
Directional Selection Causes Decanalization In A Group I Ribozyme, Eric J. Hayden, Christian Weikert, Andreas Wagner
Directional Selection Causes Decanalization In A Group I Ribozyme, Eric J. Hayden, Christian Weikert, Andreas Wagner
Eric J. Hayden
A canalized genotype is robust to environmental or genetic perturbations. Canalization is expected to result from stabilizing selection on a well-adapted phenotype. Decanalization, the loss of robustness, might follow periods of directional selection toward a new optimum. The evolutionary forces causing decanalization are still unknown, in part because it is difficult to determine the fitness effects of mutations in populations of organisms with complex genotypes and phenotypes. Here, we report direct experimental measurements of robustness in a system with a simple genotype and phenotype, the catalytic activity of an RNA enzyme. We find that the robustness of a population of …
Structured Multiple Endosymbiosis Of Bacteria And Archaea In A Ciliate From Marine Sulfidic Sediments: A Survival Mechanism In Low Oxygen, Sulfidic Sediments?, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Edward R. Leadbetter, William A. Bourland, David Beaudoin, Joan M. Bernhard
Structured Multiple Endosymbiosis Of Bacteria And Archaea In A Ciliate From Marine Sulfidic Sediments: A Survival Mechanism In Low Oxygen, Sulfidic Sediments?, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Edward R. Leadbetter, William A. Bourland, David Beaudoin, Joan M. Bernhard
William Bourland
Marine micro-oxic to sulfidic environments are sites of intensive biogeochemical cycling and elemental sequestration, where prokaryotes are major driving forces mediating carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metal cycles, important from both biogeochemical and evolutionary perspectives. Associations between single-celled eukaryotes and bacteria and/or archaea are common in such habitats. Here we describe a ciliate common in the micro-oxic to anoxic, typically sulfidic, sediments of Santa Barbara Basin (CA, USA). The ciliate is 95% similar to Parduzcia orbis (18S rRNA). Transmission electron micrographs reveal clusters of at least three different endobiont types organized within membrane-bound sub-cellular regions. Catalyzed reporter deposition–fluorescent in situ …
Aeolian Nutrient Fluxes Following Wildfire In Sagebrush Steppe: Implications For Soil Carbon Storage, N. J. Hasselquist, M. J. Germino, J. B. Sankey, L. J. Ingram, N. F. Glenn
Aeolian Nutrient Fluxes Following Wildfire In Sagebrush Steppe: Implications For Soil Carbon Storage, N. J. Hasselquist, M. J. Germino, J. B. Sankey, L. J. Ingram, N. F. Glenn
Nancy Glenn
Pulses of aeolian transport following fire can profoundly affect the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Our objective was to determine horizontal nutrient fluxes occurring in the saltation zone during an episodic pulse of aeolian transport that occurred following a wildfire in a semi-arid sagebrush steppe ecosystem in southern Idaho, USA. We also examined how temporal trends in nutrient fluxes were affected by changes in particle sizes of eroded mass as well as nutrient concentrations associated with different particle size classes. In the burned area, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes were as high as 235 …
Agolohymena Aspidocauda Nov. Gen., Nov. Spec., A Histophagous Freshwater Tetrahymenid Ciliate In The Family Deltopylidae (Ciliophora, Hymenostomatia), From Idaho (Northwest U.S.A.): Morphology, Ontogenesis And Molecular Phylogeny, William A. Bourland, Michaela C. Strüder-Kypke
Agolohymena Aspidocauda Nov. Gen., Nov. Spec., A Histophagous Freshwater Tetrahymenid Ciliate In The Family Deltopylidae (Ciliophora, Hymenostomatia), From Idaho (Northwest U.S.A.): Morphology, Ontogenesis And Molecular Phylogeny, William A. Bourland, Michaela C. Strüder-Kypke
William Bourland
Morphology, ontogeny and the molecular phylogeny of Agolohymena aspidocauda nov. gen., nov. spec., a new freshwater tetrahymenid ciliate from Idaho, U.S.A, are described. The ontogeny and histophagous mode of nutrition are similar to those of Deltopylum rhabdoides Fauré-Fremiet and Mugard, 1946. The new genus is placed with Deltopylum in the resurrected family Deltopylidae Song & Wilbert, 1989. We emend the diagnostic features of the family to include division by polytomy, right and left somatic kineties extending into the preoral suture, crook-shaped or sigmoid adoral membranelles 1 and 2, markedly reduced adoral membranelle 3 and a tetrahymenid silverline pattern. The main …
Idaho Bird Observatory: Research, Education, Conservation - 24/7, Elise Faike
Idaho Bird Observatory: Research, Education, Conservation - 24/7, Elise Faike
Jay D. Carlisle
The Idaho Bird Observatory’s Lucky Peak bird monitoring station atop the foothills overlooking Boise is unique. During fall migration, it’s the only place in western North America that hosts some form of songbird or raptor research all day and all night—for downright fun 24/7!
Reproducibility Of Soil Moisture Ensembles When Representing Soil Parameter Uncertainty Using A Latin Hypercube–Based Approach With Correlation Control, Alejandro N. Flores, Dara Entekhabi, Rafael L. Bras
Reproducibility Of Soil Moisture Ensembles When Representing Soil Parameter Uncertainty Using A Latin Hypercube–Based Approach With Correlation Control, Alejandro N. Flores, Dara Entekhabi, Rafael L. Bras
Alejandro N. Flores
Representation of model input uncertainty is critical in ensemble-based data assimilation. Monte Carlo sampling of model inputs produces uncertainty in the hydrologic state through the model dynamics. Small Monte Carlo ensemble sizes are desirable because of model complexity and dimensionality but potentially lead to sampling errors and correspondingly poor representation of probabilistic structure of the hydrologic state. We compare two techniques to sample soil hydraulic and thermal properties (SHTPs): (1) Latin Hypercube (LH) based sampling with correlation control and (2) random sampling from SHTP marginal distributions. A hydrology model is used to project SHTP uncertainty onto the soil moisture state …
Research Consortium Scholar Lecture: Off The Couch And Into The Gym—Women And Physical Activity, Lynda B. Ransdell
Research Consortium Scholar Lecture: Off The Couch And Into The Gym—Women And Physical Activity, Lynda B. Ransdell
Lynda Ransdell
Researchers have made progress identifying women’s physical activity participation levels and preferences. However, we have a long way to go to develop programs that stimulate women’s long-term participation in physical activity. The primary focus of Dr. Lynda Ransdell’s 2010 Research Consortium Scholar Lecture is to trace key recommendations for increasing physical activity in women across the age spectrum. In addition, she will compare and contrast the experiences of sedentary women with active and athletic women. Specifically, this presentation will examine sedentary, active, and athletic females across the developmental spectrum (from the adolescent to the older adult) and discuss strategies for …
Grappling With Climate Change: Impacts To Heritage Resources, Lauren Meyer, Pei-Lin Yu, Randall Skeirik, Virginia Salazar-Halfmoon
Grappling With Climate Change: Impacts To Heritage Resources, Lauren Meyer, Pei-Lin Yu, Randall Skeirik, Virginia Salazar-Halfmoon
Pei-Lin Yu
17th century adobe walls collapsing at Tumacácori; historic inscriptions rapidly eroding at El Morro; ancestral pueblo field houses at Bandelier impacted by significant soil erosion. Is this deterioration and loss the result of a lack of proper maintenance, a misunderstanding of the needs of fragile site materials, the cumulative effects of 'normal' deterioration, or the result of random and unpredictable natural events and material failures? Could any (or all) of it be related to climate change? As a cultural resource manager, climate change is a difficult matter to grapple with. Can one comfortably say that a wall collapse is the …
Estimating Nests Not Present At The Time Of Breeding Surveys: An Important Consideration In Assessing Nesting Populations, Peter C. Frederick, Julie A. Heath, Robert Bennetts, Heinz Hafner
Estimating Nests Not Present At The Time Of Breeding Surveys: An Important Consideration In Assessing Nesting Populations, Peter C. Frederick, Julie A. Heath, Robert Bennetts, Heinz Hafner
Julie Heath
Counts of nest starts are often used as indicators of the size of avian nesting populations, or of avian productivity. However, the accuracy of single or repeated counts of unmarked nests over time for estimating seasonal numbers of nests may be strongly affected by nest events that fall in between survey dates, or that occurred prior to or after the survey period. Accuracy may also be affected by uncertainty in the interpretation of counts due to overlap between starting and ending dates of asynchronous nests during the intervisit interval. To measure the combined magnitude of these effects on survey accuracy, …
Channel-Reach Morphology Dependence On Energy, Scale, And Hydroclimatic Processes With Implications For Prediction Using Geospatial Data, Alejandro N. Flores, Brian P. Bledsoe, Christopher O. Cuhaciyan, Ellen E. Wohl
Channel-Reach Morphology Dependence On Energy, Scale, And Hydroclimatic Processes With Implications For Prediction Using Geospatial Data, Alejandro N. Flores, Brian P. Bledsoe, Christopher O. Cuhaciyan, Ellen E. Wohl
Alejandro N. Flores
Channel types found in mountain drainages occupy characteristic but intergrading ranges of bed slope that reflect a dynamic balance between erosive energy and channel boundary resistance. Using a classification and regression tree (CART) modeling approach, we demonstrate that drainage area scaling of channel slopes provides better discrimination of these forms than slope alone among supply- and capacity-limited sites. Analysis of 270 stream reaches in the western United States exhibiting four common mountain channel types reveals that these types exist within relatively discrete ranges of an index of specific stream power. We also demonstrate associations among regional interannual precipitation variability, discharge …
Evolution Of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) In The Pacific Ocean: The Origin Of A Supertramp Clade, Quentin C. B. Cronk, Michael Kiehn, Warren L. Wagner, James F. Smith
Evolution Of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) In The Pacific Ocean: The Origin Of A Supertramp Clade, Quentin C. B. Cronk, Michael Kiehn, Warren L. Wagner, James F. Smith
James F. Smith
Cyrtandra comprises at least 600 species distributed throughout Malesia, where it is known for many local endemics and in Polynesia and Micronesia, where it is present on most island groups, and is among the most successfully dispersing genera of the Pacific. To ascertain the origin of the oceanic Pacific island species of Cyrtandra, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA of samples from throughout its geographical range. Because all oceanic Pacific island species form a well-supported clade, these species apparently result from a single initial colonization into the Pacific, possibly by a species from the eastern rim …
Reproductive Physiology Of Free-Living White Ibises (Eudocimus Albus) In The Florida Everglades, Julie A. Heath, Peter C. Frederick, Thea M. Edwards, Louis J. Guillette Jr.
Reproductive Physiology Of Free-Living White Ibises (Eudocimus Albus) In The Florida Everglades, Julie A. Heath, Peter C. Frederick, Thea M. Edwards, Louis J. Guillette Jr.
Julie Heath
We measured plasma concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and corticosterone; and recorded changes in gonad size, body condition, molt, and brood patch development of free-living adult White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) during the breeding season in the Florida Everglades. White Ibises are colonially breeding, long-legged wading birds that inhabit freshwater and estuarine wetlands. They have flexible breeding schedules (nest initiation dates can range from January to September) and onset of nesting is usually associated with increased prey availability caused by concentration of small fish in pools during periods of wetland drying. In this paper, we present the hormonal and physical characteristics …
Estimating The Latitudinal Origins Of Migratory Birds Using Hydrogen And Sulfur Stable Isotopes In Feathers: Influence Of Marine Prey Base, Casey A. Lott, Timothy D. Meehan, Julie A. Heath
Estimating The Latitudinal Origins Of Migratory Birds Using Hydrogen And Sulfur Stable Isotopes In Feathers: Influence Of Marine Prey Base, Casey A. Lott, Timothy D. Meehan, Julie A. Heath
Julie Heath
Hydrogen stable isotope analysis of feathers is an important tool for estimating the natal or breeding latitudes of nearctic-neotropical migratory birds. This method is based on the latitudinal variation of hydrogen stable isotope ratios in precipitation in North America (iDp) and the inheritance of this variation in newly formed feathers (iDf). We hypothesized that the typically strong relationship between iDp and iDf would be decoupled in birds that forage in marine food webs because marine waters have relatively high iD values compared to iD values for local precipitation. Birds that forage on marine prey bases should also have feathers with …
Phylogenetic Resolution Within The Tribe Episcieae (Gesneriaceae): Congruence Of Its And Ndhf Sequences From Parsimony And Maximum-Likelihood Analyses, James F. Smith
James F. Smith
Generic relationships within Episcieae were assessed using ITS and ndhF sequences. Previous analyses of this tribe have focused only on ndhF data and have excluded two genera, Rhoogeton and Oerstedina, which are included in this analysis. Data were analyzed using both parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. Results from partition homogeneity tests imply that the two data sets are significantly incongruent, but when Rhoogeton is removed from the analysis, the data sets are not significantly different. The combined data sets reveal greater strength of relationships within the tribe with the exception of the position of Rhoogeton. Poorly or unresolved relationships based exclusively …
Genetic Diversity Of The Narrow Endemic Allium Aaseae (Alliaceae), James F. Smith, T. Vuong Pham
Genetic Diversity Of The Narrow Endemic Allium Aaseae (Alliaceae), James F. Smith, T. Vuong Pham
James F. Smith
Low levels of genetic variability are common for a number of geographically restricted plants: these data are consistent with theoretical expectations that small populations should be genetically depauperate. However, in some species, high levels of variability have been found in rare species. Allium aaseae is a rare, narrow endemic in the foothills of the Boise Front of southwestern Idaho. Genetic variation in the rare endemic A. aaseae, and nearby populations of the more common species, A. simillimum, was examined with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data. Eight populations of A. aaseae and six populations of A. simillimum (three near the …
A Cladistic Analysis Of Chloroplast Dna Restriction Site Variation And Morphology For The Genera Of The Juglandaceae, James F. Smith, Jeff J. Doyle
A Cladistic Analysis Of Chloroplast Dna Restriction Site Variation And Morphology For The Genera Of The Juglandaceae, James F. Smith, Jeff J. Doyle
James F. Smith
The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of the Juglandaceae are examined with cladistic analyses of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site variation and morphology. Rates of evolution of the chloroplast genome are slower than in many other groups of plants, enabling the entire genome to be utilized at the intergeneric level. The trees resulting from the two independent analyses were completely congruent. The combined analysis of the two data sets produced a tree completely congruent with the cladogram from the two data sets analyzed independently. The cladogram is compared with previous classifications, cladistic analyses, and fossil history for the family. Although …
Dna And Morphology: Comparisons In The Onagraceae, Kenneth J. Sytsma, James F. Smith
Dna And Morphology: Comparisons In The Onagraceae, Kenneth J. Sytsma, James F. Smith
James F. Smith
Comparisons of systematic information generated from both classical systematic approaches and from DNA analysis at a number of taxonomic levels in the Onagraceae are presented. Phylogenetic results from chloroplast DNA restriction fragment analysis is in Clarkia sect. Syrnpherica (= Peripetasma) are not entirely congruent with results from morphology , but are congruent with distribution of duplications of isozyme-coding loci. Chloroplast DNA and nuclear rDNA evidence for the origin of the monotypic genus Heterogaura from within the genus Clarkia is discussed with respect to morphological divergence between the two genera. Detailed chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping within the seven diploid sections …