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Necessary Biosafety Precautions For Patented Gmos: Ramifications Of Inconsistent Parties Between The Cartagena Protocol And Trips Agreement, Lauren Clements Jun 2026

Necessary Biosafety Precautions For Patented Gmos: Ramifications Of Inconsistent Parties Between The Cartagena Protocol And Trips Agreement, Lauren Clements

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Genetically Modified Organisms (“GMOs”) compose a class of potentially patentable biotechnology that are prominent in international markets. Developed countries like the United States, function as leading producers of these patented GMOs and therefore play a significant role in their development and transnational export. Minimum protections for these forms of biotechnology are outlined in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), which permits the patenting of GMOs that ultimately enter the stream of international commerce. Notwithstanding the potential risks GMOs present to the environment, public health, and the economy, the TRIPS Agreement fails to address any form …

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Nanosecond Policies: Comparing Us And Chinese Approaches To High-Frequency Trading Regulation, Bilal Laghari Jun 2026

Nanosecond Policies: Comparing Us And Chinese Approaches To High-Frequency Trading Regulation, Bilal Laghari

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

High frequency trading has transformed global financial markets, introducing both efficiency gains and significant regulatory concerns. This Note analyzes the divergent approaches of the United States and China in regulating high frequency trading, focusing on how each system addresses issues of market manipulation, information asymmetry, and systemic risk. It contends that the United States’ reliance on outdated and indirect regulatory mechanisms, such as Regulation NMS, has failed to keep pace with technological advancements. In contrast, China’s more recent and targeted regulatory framework provides clearer guidance and stronger oversight of high frequency trading practices. This Note concludes that a hybrid approach, …

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Green Technology And International Patents: Incentivizing Innovation Or Blocking Access?, Matteo Rizzi Jun 2026

Green Technology And International Patents: Incentivizing Innovation Or Blocking Access?, Matteo Rizzi

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

As the global climate crisis intensifies, the transition to clean energy technologies has become an urgent priority for the world's largest carbon dioxide emitters: China, the United States, and India. This Note examines how patent law can serve as a critical instrument in accelerating that transition. The patent system’s core quid pro quo grants inventors exclusive rights in exchange for public disclosure, creating powerful incentives for innovation. Yet the law’s failure to require active use of patented technologies has enabled a range of anticompetitive behaviors, including patent trolling, patent warehousing, and the accumulation of dormant patent portfolios, that allow proprietary …

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Colliding Interests: Solving The Space Debris Crisis Through Us-China Cooperation, Grace E. Mannion Jun 2026

Colliding Interests: Solving The Space Debris Crisis Through Us-China Cooperation, Grace E. Mannion

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

As human activity in outer space accelerates, the accumulation of space debris in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) presents an increasingly urgent threat to global infrastructure, economic stability, and the future of space exploration. This Note examines the regulatory and geopolitical challenges underlying the space debris crisis, with particular attention to the fragmented nature of existing international legal frameworks. Current regimes, including the Outer Space Treaty and the Liability Convention, establish broad principles of cooperation and liability but fail to meaningfully address the rapid growth of orbital debris driven by both state and commercial actors. Focusing on the United States and …

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The Future Judicial Organization Of The Republic Of Djibouti, Ahmed Ouazzani Jun 2026

The Future Judicial Organization Of The Republic Of Djibouti, Ahmed Ouazzani

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the future judicial organization of the Republic of Djibouti after independence. It identifies the provisional characteristics of the existing judicial infrastructure, including the plurality of jurisdictions, the role of non-professional judges, procedural transgressions, and linguistic issues. The article then discusses the reforms required to modernize the judicial system and presents the projected structure of Djibouti's justice system at the first instance, appellate, and supreme levels.

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Colloquia And Seminars: Reports And Reflections, Saïd Ihrai, Brahim Rachidi, Mamoun Lahbabi Jun 2026

Colloquia And Seminars: Reports And Reflections, Saïd Ihrai, Brahim Rachidi, Mamoun Lahbabi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This record brings together several reports and reflections published in the colloquia and seminars section of the issue. It includes a discussion of the Global System of Trade Preferences and commercial cooperation among Islamic and developing countries; a report on the inter-university and international colloquium “Toward What New World Order?”; reflections on international meetings devoted to Keynes, Schumpeter, economic theory, and policy; and a report on a World Health Organization workshop-seminar held in Lyon. Taken together, these contributions document contemporary debates on international economic relations, development, trade cooperation, economic thought, health systems, and public policy.

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Bibliographic Notes: Morocco, Technology Transfer, Industrialization, And The International Division Of Labour, Mohamed Faik Jun 2026

Bibliographic Notes: Morocco, Technology Transfer, Industrialization, And The International Division Of Labour, Mohamed Faik

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This bibliographic section brings together notes dealing with Morocco's integration into the international division of labour, the political economy of technology transfer, trends in Moroccan industrialization, and the capital goods sector. It reviews works that examine how developing economies are inserted into international economic relations and how technological dependence, specialization, and industrial policy affect their development trajectories.

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Moroccan Public Enterprises In Land Transport: Presentation Of Hassan El Alami's Doctoral Thesis, Mohamed Benhmidou Jun 2026

Moroccan Public Enterprises In Land Transport: Presentation Of Hassan El Alami's Doctoral Thesis, Mohamed Benhmidou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This note presents Hassan El Alami's doctoral thesis on Moroccan public enterprises in land transport. It emphasizes the importance of the subject for understanding public enterprises in general and transport enterprises in particular. The contribution highlights the legal, socio-political, and institutional questions raised by public enterprise management and reform, and shows how the study contributes to debates on the role of the state in economic and social development.

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Presentation Of Houria Alami M'Chichi's Thesis: Languages And Politics In The Maghreb, Mohamed Cherkaoui Jun 2026

Presentation Of Houria Alami M'Chichi's Thesis: Languages And Politics In The Maghreb, Mohamed Cherkaoui

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This note presents Houria Alami M'chichi's thesis on languages and politics in the Maghreb. It situates the work within debates on language policy, cultural identity, and political power in North African societies. The note points to the importance of studying the relations between Arabic, Berber, French, and other linguistic practices in order to understand the political and social dynamics of language in the Maghreb.

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Bibliographic Note: Directory Of Moroccan Legislation, Joël Moneger Jun 2026

Bibliographic Note: Directory Of Moroccan Legislation, Joël Moneger

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This bibliographic note presents a directory of Moroccan legislation and underlines its usefulness as a reference tool for legal research. The contribution emphasizes the importance of systematically identifying legislative and regulatory texts in order to facilitate access to Moroccan legal sources. It is aimed at jurists, students, researchers, and practitioners who need a reliable guide to the organization and consultation of Moroccan legal materials.

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Bibliographic Note: The Financial Structure Of Global Capitalism, M'Hamed Sagou Jun 2026

Bibliographic Note: The Financial Structure Of Global Capitalism, M'Hamed Sagou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This bibliographic note presents and discusses a work devoted to the financial structure of global capitalism. It highlights the relevance of the book for understanding the organization of international finance, the role of financial flows in the world economy, and the relationship between capitalist development and monetary and financial structures. The note is intended as a guide for readers interested in international political economy and the study of global capitalism.

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Selected Bibliographic Elements On Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises, Najib Ibn Abdeljalil Jun 2026

Selected Bibliographic Elements On Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises, Najib Ibn Abdeljalil

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This bibliographic contribution presents selected references on small and medium-sized enterprises. It brings together works relating to enterprise policy, small industry, entrepreneurship, management, innovation, decision-making, and industrial development. The bibliography is intended to support research on SMEs in Morocco and in comparable economic contexts by providing a structured set of sources for students and researchers interested in business organization and development policy.

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Obstacles To The Growth Of Mechanical Industries In Morocco And The Role Of The Integration-Compensation Law In The Development Of The Automobile Sector, Saïd Ihrai Jun 2026

Obstacles To The Growth Of Mechanical Industries In Morocco And The Role Of The Integration-Compensation Law In The Development Of The Automobile Sector, Saïd Ihrai

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes the obstacles to the growth of mechanical industries in Morocco, with particular attention to the automobile sector and to the role of the Integration-Compensation Law. It situates the difficulties of the sector within broader debates on industrialization, technology transfer, and the insertion of developing countries into international industrial and commercial flows. The article discusses structural constraints affecting Morocco's mechanical industries and examines whether integration-compensation mechanisms can promote local content, industrial upgrading, and sectoral development.

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The Impact Of Socio-Historical Factors On The Differentiation Of Gender Roles: The Case Of Morocco, Fadila Kanouni-Bennis Jun 2026

The Impact Of Socio-Historical Factors On The Differentiation Of Gender Roles: The Case Of Morocco, Fadila Kanouni-Bennis

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the impact of socio-historical factors on the differentiation of gender roles in Morocco. It traces the historical formation of patriarchal family structures, the influence of Islam on the reproduction of gendered family roles, and the transformations experienced during the pre-colonial, colonial, and post-independence periods. The article also considers the structural inequalities affecting women in family relations and employment, arguing that contemporary gender roles must be understood through the long-term interaction of social, historical, religious, and economic factors.

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The Problematic Of The State And Law In Morocco: A Historical And Social Approach To The State Phenomenon, Khalid Naciri Jun 2026

The Problematic Of The State And Law In Morocco: A Historical And Social Approach To The State Phenomenon, Khalid Naciri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article offers a historical and social analysis of the state and law in Morocco. It approaches the state phenomenon through theoretical debates on the emergence of the state, the relationship between economy and political autonomy, and the historical formation of state power. The article then applies these questions to Morocco, examining the links between nation, state, capitalism, ideology, and legal structures. It presents the problem of law as inseparable from social history and the development of state authority.

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Is Moroccan Environmental Legislation At A Turning Point?, Mohamed Ali Mekouar Jun 2026

Is Moroccan Environmental Legislation At A Turning Point?, Mohamed Ali Mekouar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article asks whether Moroccan environmental legislation is at a turning point. It recalls the growing awareness of environmental protection and the legal need to preserve quality of life, nature, and ecological balance. The article reviews the accumulation of legal texts concerning environmental protection in Morocco and points to their limits, fragmentation, and frequent ineffectiveness. It argues for a clearer and more coherent legal framework capable of addressing pollution and environmental degradation.

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Accounting, Taxation, And Inflation, Rachid Belkahia, Hassan Oudad Jun 2026

Accounting, Taxation, And Inflation, Rachid Belkahia, Hassan Oudad

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the relationship between accounting, taxation, and inflation. It argues that inflation weakens the ability of traditional accounting rules to represent the real economic and financial situation of firms. As balance sheets and profits become distorted, taxation may be imposed on nominal rather than real gains. The article therefore calls for solutions that account for the effects of inflation on corporate accounts and taxable income within the broader debate on fiscal reform.

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Agricultural Policy And The Limits Of Moroccan Agricultural Development, Abdelaziz Bouami, Mohamed Raki Jun 2026

Agricultural Policy And The Limits Of Moroccan Agricultural Development, Abdelaziz Bouami, Mohamed Raki

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes Moroccan agricultural policy and the limits of agricultural development. It reviews the role of the state and successive development plans, from the post-independence period through the early 1980s, and examines the contradictions of agricultural development. The authors study the economic and social effects of state intervention, including uneven growth, externally oriented production, land allocation, and the promotion of dominant agrarian interests.

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Marginal-Cost Pricing In Public Road Transport Enterprises: A New Method, El Mostafa Bensalem Jun 2026

Marginal-Cost Pricing In Public Road Transport Enterprises: A New Method, El Mostafa Bensalem

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines marginal-cost pricing as a method for setting tariffs in public road transport enterprises. It contrasts traditional pricing based on average accounting cost with a modern approach designed to improve efficiency and equity in public tariffs. The article discusses the economic foundations of marginal-cost pricing, its relevance for scarce resources and public services, and the difficulties involved in applying it to transport enterprises.

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Information Technology In Morocco, Mohammed Bedhri Jun 2026

Information Technology In Morocco, Mohammed Bedhri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article surveys the state of information technology in Morocco and situates it within broader debates on technological dependence and development. It asks whether developing countries can build their own capacities in computing or whether they remain dependent on imported technologies designed for different economic and social contexts. The article highlights the stakes of computerization for administration, economic management, security, and development strategy.

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Presentation Of The 1983 Finance Law, Youssef Tahiri Jun 2026

Presentation Of The 1983 Finance Law, Youssef Tahiri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article presents the main features of Morocco's 1983 Finance Law. It places the law within the difficult economic context of the early 1980s, marked by budgetary constraints, external imbalances, public debt, and the need for adjustment. The article discusses how the Finance Law frames state intervention, expenditure, taxation, and financing choices, while reflecting the tensions between economic recovery, fiscal stabilization, and development priorities.

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The Production Chain: A Concept Of Crisis, Bertrand Bellon Jun 2026

The Production Chain: A Concept Of Crisis, Bertrand Bellon

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes the concept of the production chain as a response to the crisis of traditional economic analysis. It reviews the history and uses of the concept, particularly in French industrial economics, and discusses its relevance for understanding firm strategies, input-output relations, industrial policy, and systems of representation. The article argues that the production chain is both an analytical tool and a way to rethink the organization of productive systems during periods of economic crisis.

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Early University Research On Smes In Morocco, Najib Ibn Abdeljalil Jun 2026

Early University Research On Smes In Morocco, Najib Ibn Abdeljalil

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article presents an early stage of university research on small and medium-sized enterprises in Morocco. It describes a research program carried out within graduate studies in economics, focusing on the owner-manager, the economic role of SMEs, and the specific characteristics of small and medium firms. The contribution also reports on seminar work conducted by students and outlines the theoretical and empirical questions raised by SME research in the Moroccan context.

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The Problem Of Decision-Making In Energy Choices: The Case Of Developing Countries, Brahim Rachidi Jun 2026

The Problem Of Decision-Making In Energy Choices: The Case Of Developing Countries, Brahim Rachidi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article explores the problem of decision-making in energy choices in developing countries. It argues that conventional economic calculation and standard efficiency criteria are often inadequate in the energy sector, where choices have long-term, strategic, social, environmental, and technological consequences. The author analyzes the criteria that guide energy-sector decisions, the difficulty of combining them, and the dilemma created by the relationship between energy and environment. The paper also highlights the limits of irreversible energy choices and the risks of technological dependence, calling for a more comprehensive approach to energy planning in developing economies.

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Economic Integration Among Southern Countries: A Long-Term Necessity Or A Utopia, André Barsony Jun 2026

Economic Integration Among Southern Countries: A Long-Term Necessity Or A Utopia, André Barsony

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines whether economic integration among countries of the Global South is a long-term necessity or an unrealistic utopia. Drawing on the context of the early 1980s world economy, it discusses the limits of dependence on Northern markets and institutions and highlights the strategic importance of South-South cooperation. The author considers economic integration as a possible response to unequal exchange, external vulnerability, and the need for autonomous development strategies.

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The Structure Of Moroccan Industry, M'Hamed Sagou Jun 2026

The Structure Of Moroccan Industry, M'Hamed Sagou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the structure of Moroccan industry by studying the degree of concentration in different branches and the place of small and medium enterprises within the national industrial fabric. The author draws on data from industrial censuses and enterprise surveys to assess whether concentration in Moroccan manufacturing is excessive, sectoral, or comparable with patterns observed in other developing countries. The paper argues that the coexistence of large oligopolistic units with a mass of small and medium firms raises specific issues for industrial policy, competition, and technological development. It calls for a differentiated approach to industrial concentration that takes account …

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Technological Independence For Underdeveloped Countries, Suhail Al-Muati Jun 2026

Technological Independence For Underdeveloped Countries, Suhail Al-Muati

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the question of technological independence for underdeveloped countries. Starting from the idea that technological dependence reinforces economic and political dependence, the author analyzes the conditions under which developing countries can acquire, adapt, and control technologies suited to their own development priorities. The article discusses the limits of imported technology, the role of national scientific and technical capacities, and the importance of linking technological choices to broader strategies of industrialization and economic sovereignty. It argues that technological independence is not isolation but a capacity to select and master technology in accordance with national needs.

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Review Of The Book Public International Law By Dr. Abdelkader El Kadiri, Mohamed Bennani Jun 2026

Review Of The Book Public International Law By Dr. Abdelkader El Kadiri, Mohamed Bennani

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This review presents Dr. Abdelkader El Kadiri's book on public international law. The reviewer situates the work within Moroccan legal education and highlights its usefulness for students and researchers in international relations and international law. The review notes that the book covers key aspects of public international law, including the principles, sources, and institutions of the international legal order, and reflects the needs of university curricula following the reform of legal studies. It emphasizes the contribution of the work as a reference tool for understanding contemporary international legal issues.

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Report On The Specialized Study Days On Parliamentary Experience And Legislative Practice In Morocco: Faculty Of Law, Rabat, May 24–26, 1984, Mohamed Moatassim Jun 2026

Report On The Specialized Study Days On Parliamentary Experience And Legislative Practice In Morocco: Faculty Of Law, Rabat, May 24–26, 1984, Mohamed Moatassim

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This report presents and discusses the specialized study days devoted to parliamentary experience and legislative practice in Morocco, held at the Faculty of Law in Rabat from May 24 to 26, 1984. The author summarizes the central questions raised during the meeting, including the assessment of the Moroccan parliament, the relationship between politics and law, the limits between public and private law, and the role of legal and social sciences in analyzing legislative institutions. The report reviews the diversity of contributions and debates, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary reflection on parliamentary practice in the Moroccan context.

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Judgment And Commentary: The Urgent Order Issued By The First President Of The Oujda Court Of Appeal On December 3, 1982, Abdel Latif Hidayat Allah Jun 2026

Judgment And Commentary: The Urgent Order Issued By The First President Of The Oujda Court Of Appeal On December 3, 1982, Abdel Latif Hidayat Allah

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This contribution provides a legal commentary on an urgent order issued by the First President of the Oujda Court of Appeal on December 3, 1982. The case concerns the scope of jurisdiction in urgent proceedings and the distinction between orders based on petition and interim measures. The author summarizes the facts and legal reasoning of the order, then discusses the procedural issues raised by the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the Moroccan Code of Civil Procedure. The commentary highlights the limits of the powers of the urgent judge and the conditions under which appellate authorities may intervene in matters …

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