Digital Commons Network^™

When Platform Regulations Fail: An Institutional Fix For California Social Media Laws, Roz Kohan

LLR Forum

Three recent Ninth Circuit decisions struck down parts of California’s content moderation laws regarding transparency, child-safety, and algorithmic design on First Amendment grounds. Such challenges act as a barrier to effective platform regulation. When examining past speech regulations that withstood such challenges, telecommunications law provides guidance for the platform context. The lack of expert administrative agencies accounts for the failures of content moderation regulation. This Forum Article argues for the creation of a specialized California agency to produce rules and regulations that withstand First Amendment challenges.

Critical Lawyering Pedagogy: Transformational Legal Education, Carolyn Grose

Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality

In an era marked by democratic backsliding, systemic inequality, and widespread disillusionment with legal institutions, traditional legal education has proven not merely inadequate, but actively complicit in reproducing the institutional norms, professional identities, and hierarchies that have enabled democratic erosion and the misuse of law as a tool of exclusion and domination.

This Article describes a comprehensive, justice-oriented framework that reimagines the structure, content, and outcomes of legal education to better meet those needs. Critical Lawyering Pedagogy (CLP) draws from Critical Pedagogy, Narrative Theory, and Critical Lawyering and challenges the entrenched hierarchies and exclusionary norms that dominate most law schools …

Why The Library Of Congress Matters More Than Ever, Hope O'Keeffe

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

No abstract provided.

Plutocratic Public Safety, Erin Collins

Texas A&M Law Review

Recent political events have laid bare the ways that the United States functions like a plutocracy, in which the ultra-wealthy exert influence over core governance functions. The criminal system is not immune from this influence. Big Capital shapes the operation of the criminal system in highly visible ways through its investments in policing technology, electronic monitoring systems, and correctional and detention systems. This Article shows how the economic elite shape the operation of the criminal system in a less obvious way: through philanthropic giving. Big Philanthropy provides another—albeit seemingly benevolent—avenue through which the ultra-wealthy can advance a vision of public …

Take Fair Housing All The Way Up: Navigating The Intersection Of Decentralization, Innovation, And Preemption, Melvin J. Kelley Iv

Texas A&M Law Review

Cities are the temporospatial embodiment of local economies, constructed on the scaffold of racial capitalism. Pursuant to decades of public-private ventures to entrench segregation, some cities have been given a treasure trove of resources while others have been—and continue to be—deprived. Community organizers and local governments in urban areas have attempted to disrupt enduring spatial inequities through policies advancing civil rights, economic justice, and sustainable development. But far too often these efforts have been brushed aside by sweeping state laws that intentionally, exhaustively, and punitively remove topics from the purview of local action. This Article responds to calls issued by …

Popular Constitutionalism In A Populist Age, Thomas G. Donnelly

BYU Law Review

Popular constitutionalism burst onto the scene as a challenge to the constitutional authority of the Supreme Court. Decades later, popular constitutionalists remain susceptible to one of the earliest (and most potent) critiques of their project—the charge that they have done far too little to explain how their theory might work in practice. With the rise of modern populism, it’s also fair to ask whether popular constitutionalism is an approach that’s capable of meeting the challenges of the current constitutional moment. In this Article, I offer a new vision for popular constitutionalism—one that shows how the theory might work in practice, …

Poor Esg: Regressive Effects Of Climate Stewardship, Zohar Goshen, Assaf Hamdani, Alex Raskolnikov

BYU Law Review

The rise of inequality and global warming are the two ultimate challenges of our time. After decades of congressional failure to address climate change, the private sector has stepped in and adopted a set of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies as a market-based solution to a public policy failure. ESG advocates hope that corporate executives would save our planet. Where Congress failed, ESG will succeed.

This Article argues that if ESG-driven climate stewardship ever achieves the scale necessary to have a real impact on global warming, it will hurt the poor. Legislative interventions to combat climate change are nearly …

Beyond The Library Of Congress: The Federal Library Ecosystem As Democratic Information Infrastructure, Nancy E. Weiss

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

No abstract provided.

Pelanggaran Internet Marketing Pada Kegiatan E-Commerce Dikaitkan Dengan Etika Bisnis, Imas Rosidawati, Edy Santoso

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

The Federalist Gas Mask: Why The Fourth Circuit Should Adopt State Law As The Federal Standard For Natural Gas Act Eminent Domain Compensation, Clifford Spotswood Fox

Liberty University Law Review

The federalist system of government relies heavily on state law to represent the will of the state’s population as closely as possible. In this Comment, the main discussion will be about how Virginia eminent domain compensation law should be integrated as federal law within Virginia’s boundaries, specifically regarding the Natural Gas Act (NGA). This question of whether state law should be adopted as federal law under the NGA has been answered in several federal circuit courts but has never been addressed by the Supreme Court.

The issue at hand has a deeper effect than one might expect. The Virginia Constitution …

Pendanaan Terorisme Di Peroleh Dari Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (Money Laundering), H.M. Abdi Koro

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Never Trust, Always Verify, Securing Medicare's Future To Defend Against Ai Driven Cyber Threats, Dana G. Jones

DePaul Journal of Health Care Law

Healthcare cybersecurity stands at a pivotal juncture, analogous to the Cold War's most perilous moments. When President Ronald Reagan declared "trust but verify"^[1] during nuclear disarmament negotiations with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, he established systematic verification as the cornerstone of security in high-stakes environments where the cost of misplaced trust meant potential human extinction. Today, the rapid integration of artificial intelligence and networked medical devices into America's healthcare infrastructure has created stakes equally grave for the nation's sixty-five million Medicare beneficiaries^[2]; however, the threat landscape has evolved beyond Reagan's paradigm. Modern healthcare cannot afford even conditional …

Pengaruh Polltik Luar Negeri Terhadap Struktur Masyarakat Hukum Internasional Dan Paradigma Hukum Positif Berkemanusiaan, Muhammad Ridwan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Hukum Pengadaan Barang (Government Procurement) Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi, Ade Maman Suherman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Constitutional Question (Menyoal Konstltusjonalitas Pasal Tentang Pengemis Kuhp Pasal 504 Ayat (1) Dan (2)), Isrok Isrok

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Catatan Singkat Mengenai Kedudukan Mpr Sesudah Perubahan Uud 1945, Fatmawati Fatmawati

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Hak Asasi Manusia (Ham) Atas Lingkungan Hidup (Suatu Rekfleksi Sosio Yuridis Atas Implementasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan), Junior B. Gregorius

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

181st University Of Notre Dame Commencement, University Of Notre Dame

Commencement Programs

• SCHEDULE OF EVENTS 4
• HEARING IMPAIRED INFORMATION 9
• GRADUATE SCHOOL 10
• MENDOZA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS GRADUATE BUSINESS 32
• GRADUATE ARCHITECTURE 38
• LAW SCHOOL 39
• UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT CEREMONY 42
• COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS 44
• COLLEGE OF SCIENCE 51
• COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 55
• MENDOZA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS 61
• SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 67
• KEOUGH SCHOOL OF GLOBAL AFFAIRS 67
• VALEDICTORIAN CANDIDATES 68
• EMERITI FACULTY 68
• HONOR SOCIETIES 69
• AWARDS AND PRIZES 77
• TASSELS 100

Incorporating Principles And Wisdom From Hospital Chaplaincy And Pastoral Ministry To Create A Ministry Model To Address Social Isolation And Loneliness In Black Churches, Albert A. Kemp

Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses

To address the growing and widespread epidemic of social isolation and loneliness, with special focus on Black churches, this dissertation developed a program with the following areas of application: 1) how healthcare trained chaplains can coordinate with churches to positively impact individuals identified as lonely and socially isolated with better social and physical health, 2) how principles of chaplaincy and pastoral care can mitigate and intervene competently when such people are identified, and 3) how the project’s model can be organized, taught, and incorporated into existing arenas of church ministry.

The purpose of the project was to create a ministry …

Active Memory Civil Association Vs. Argentina, Kamila Knaudt

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

This case is about the botched investigation of the bombing of the building hosting the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina, (AMIA) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The State admitted responsibility for the faulty investigation, which took more than twenty years, and the Court found Argentina in violation of several articles of the American Convention.

Leveraging Citizen Science To Advance Environmental Justice In Climate-Vulnerable Communities Post-Loper Bright, Lauren Valli

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

The Supreme Court’s 2024 decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v.

Raimondo removed the judicial obligation to defer to the Environmental

Protection Agency’s statutory interpretations, overturning forty years of

Chevron v. NRDC jurisprudence. Now, generalist judges must

independently evaluate complex scientific data when determining

statutory meaning, creating the risk that well-resourced industry parties

will use their litigation advantages to secure pollution-permissive statutory

interpretations. Without deference to EPA’s technical understanding and

public welfare considerations, environmental litigation outcomes

increasingly depend on which party can most persuasively present

environmental data in court. This interpretation shift widens the

environmental enforcement gap and disproportionately harms historically …

Frye Is So Last Century: It’S Time For Washington To Get With The Times, Darian Mullen

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

This paper argues that Washington State should finally abandon the

Frye test for expert witnesses and adopt the Daubert test used by federal

courts and most states. It begins with a discussion of the background of

expert witnesses in the U.S. court system and its evolution through Frye.

Then, it looks at the increase in drunk driving in Washington State as a

case study for how the public depends on quality science to protect

individuals and punish wrongdoers. Through the case study, it is

apparent that Frye is an unworkable standard that should be superseded

by Daubert.

Welcome Tilly Norwood: Forecasting Hollywood’S Ai Policy Futures, Samuel P. Rooker

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

In late 2025, weekly trade publication Variety Magazine reported on the announcement of a new acting talent in Hollywood: Tilly Norwood. Norwood is an industry outsider and the pet project of Eline Van der Velden, who unveiled the actress’ existence to the world at the Zurich Film Festival. The announcement quickly gained media coverage while Van der Velden has since faced cyclical backlash from Hollywood trade unions, which does not seem entirely without reason. Tilly Norwood is a digital persona, a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) program, designed by Van der Velden’s novel AI talent studio, Xicoia, to become the next …

Off-The-Shelf Danger: The Need For Overhauling Faa Regulations To Combat The Misuse Of Commercial And Recreational Drones, Ka Ching "Cyrus" Au

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

This article discusses how FAA Part 107 has not kept pace with

advances in drone technology and advocates for a tailored solution for

drones. The increasing accessibility of sophisticated drone technology

presents significant national security and public safety challenges.

Regulatory frameworks posed by the Federal Aviation Administration

(FAA) are insufficient to address these growing concerns. The drone

technology originally marketed and developed for photography,

agriculture, and package delivery is now being repurposed for military use

and illegal activities. In the Russo–Ukrainian war, drones are now used to

carry advanced reconnaissance capabilities or are equipped with remotely

detonated explosives. Along a …

“A Land No One Would Want”: Environmental Activism And The Rejection Of ‘Wasteland’ Narratives In Southern Nevada, Steven Butler

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This paper traces events within the history of environmental activism in Southern Nevada. The first chapter discusses the proposed high level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The second chapter examines the closure of the Reid Gardner Generating Station in Moapa, Nevada. The third chapter details the Southern Nevada Water Authority’s Groundwater Development Project. Each of the three chapters is linked by common themes within the history of Southern Nevada environmental activism, including dedicated coalition-building and the refusal of “wastelanding” of the region.

The Search For Moby Dick: The Role Of State Law In Maritime Tort Cases, John E. Holloway

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

In 1917, the United States Supreme Court held in Southern Pacific v. Jensen that a state statute is invalid if it “interferes with the proper harmony and uniformity of [the general maritime law].” Over a century after Jensen, we still do not know the limits of this “uniformity principle.” Just two years ago, the United States Supreme Court found that this question—what is the role of state law in maritime cases?—remains “one of the most perplexing in the law.”

This Article tracks the Court’s struggle to make sense of the Uniformity principle. It surveys the Court’s inconsistent rulings and criticisms …

Hammurabi’S Laws: Ancient Traditions Of Violence, Aaron Secrist

The Confluence

The tradition of enforcing private property through violence is truly ancient, and goes back thousands of years to the first civilizations. There exists a prevailing attitude that contemporary culture is more “civilized” than the first organized societies – and while it’s true in some ways, our laws are still remarkably similar to those practiced in antiquity. In the following essay, I analyze the Law Code of Hammurabi and examine its parallels to the way laws function today. First, I will provide context for the technological advances that made the first city-states possible, then give a cultural and economic overview of …

How The Dma Obligations Model Fails To Protect Online Markets’ Contestability And Proposals For Reform, Dermot Cahill, Jing Wang

UC Law Business Journal

This Article makes a significant contribution to the debate on whether the model underpinning the much-heralded European Union Digital Market Act (“DMA”) can provide a comprehensive level of protection against online gatekeepers’ abusive practices and achieve the DMA’s proclaimed ambition to protect online markets’ contestability in the digital space. To illustrate model-failure, key European Commission (“Commission”) enforcement decisions in the years leading up to the DMA’s enactment are examined to show less than optimal outcomes were achieved by the Commission’s attempts to grapple with gatekeepers’ anti-competitive exclusionary practices. The Authors proceed to demonstrate how the DMA’s “obligations list” model will …

Pwnagotchi: Deauthentication Attacks, Wpa Handshakes, And Wireless Network Security, Emily Musgrove

Computer Science Honors Papers

Wireless networks are the foundation of modern device communication infrastructure. This project examines the security implications of automated WPA/WPA2 handshake collection using the Pwnagotchi, a portable Wi-Fi network auditing and penetration testing device. The paper provides a technical analysis of WPA and WPA2 authentication mechanisms, including the structure of the 4-way handshake, the creation of cryptographic keys, and the role of deauthentication attacks in forcing reconnections for handshake capture. Additionally, the project explores the vulnerabilities associated with using legacy wireless security protocols such as WEP and TKIP to allow for older technologies that continue to require such encryption methods. This …

When The Second Amendment Meets The Third Dimension: Bruen In The Age Of 3d-Printed Firearms, Andrew Touma

Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy Sidebar

3D-printed firearms pose a serious threat to the public by allowing individuals to circumvent traditional regulatory safeguards. Although the first shot from a 3D-printed firearm was over a decade ago, these weapons continue to exploit gaps in the federal regulatory scheme. In the meantime, state governments have adopted a variety of approaches to regulating 3D-printed firearms. As 3D printing pushes firearms technology into the future, the Supreme Court's decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. Bruen directs Second Amendment doctrine to look to history, leaving questions over whether a decidedly historical methodology could effectively adapt to technological …