Digital Commons Network^™

Charting A “Substantially Different” Approach To Land Management Planning Following A Congressional Review Act Joint Resolution Of Disapproval, John C. Ruple, Devin Stelter

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

Congress enacted the Congressional Review Act (“CRA”) in 1996 as part of the Gingrich Revolution. The CRA creates an expedited path for Congress to repeal agency rules. It also prohibits an agency from reissuing a new rule that is “substantially the same” as a repealed rule. But the CRA fails to define “substantially the same” and does not require Congress to identify its objections to a repealed rule. The uncertainty that results has a chilling effect on federal agencies. Indeed, Congress has struck down twenty rules using the CRA, and just two of those rules have been replaced. We use …

Health Information Beyond Pandemic Emergencies: Privacy For Social Justice, Leslie Francis

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

Moving beyond notice and choice is necessary if data are to be used responsibly for public health. But what directions might this movement take? Transparency and enactment of statutory limits on data uses are the two most prominent possibilities.

Transparency could require entities collecting, possessing and using information drawn from more than a specified number of individuals to make public disclosures of their information collection, possession, and use. There are models for developing such transparency requirements. The California CPPA could provide a model for delineating the size of entities required to make such disclosures. The requirements to disclose the results …

Patent Reality Checks Eliminating Patents On Fake, Impossible And Other Inoperative Inventions, Jorge L. Contreras

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

The recent assertion of patents originally held by Theranos, the defunct blood analysis company whose founders are under federal indictment for fraud, highlights the existence of patents that claim non-existent and inoperative inventions. While such patents may ultimately be subject to validity challenges in court, their issuance nevertheless has harmful effects on markets and innovation. I propose several modest administrative and legislative measures directed toward the elimination of patents on inoperative inventions including (1) increasing PTO efforts to detect potentially inoperable inventions, (2) heightening examination requirements, including a certification of enablement, for certain inventions, (3) enabling greater public input into …

American Punishment And Pandemic, Danielle C. Jefferis

Faculty Scholarship

Many of the sites of the worst outbreaks of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are America’s prisons and jails. As of March 2021, the virus has infected hundreds of thousands of incarcerated people and well over two thousand have died as a result contracting the disease caused by the virus. Prisons and jails have been on perpetual lockdowns since the onset of the pandemic, with family visits suspended and some facilities resorting to solitary confinement to mitigate the virus’s spread, thereby exacerbating the punitiveness and harmfulness of incarceration. With the majority of the 2.3 million people incarcerated …

Evidence, W. Randall Bassett, Val Leppert, Lauren Newman

Mercer Law Review

In its 2020 term, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit issued several important and precedential opinions on a number of evidentiary topics. For example, in four published opinions, the court considered whether certain evidence was “testimonial” to determine whether its admission would implicate the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause. The court also addressed whether a defendant on federal supervised release faces a “classic penalty situation,” thereby deeming any confession compelled in violation of the Fifth Amendment, when a probation officer asks him to answer questions that would reveal he had committed new crimes.

The Eleventh Circuit additionally …

Comparison Between The Ipcc Reporting Framework And Country Practice, Jiarui Chen, Martin Dietrich Brauch

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications

To further and fully understand how to plan for the decarbonization of mining value chains, we need better data on carbon and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, neither consumers, corporates, or financial institutions know the embodied emissions in the products they produce or sell. While methods like life-cycle analysis and environmental product declarations exist, none use a verifiable, comparable, or widely adopted emissions reporting framework capable of sending supply chain signals.

To truly reform material supply chains, new solutions for markets, capital, and policy are required. COMET (the Coalition on Materials Emissions Transparency) – an alliance launched at Davos …

Age’S Influence On Workplace Safety, Kelly Muhammad, Cheryl Marcham

Publications

According to the National Safety Council (NSC, n.d.), the total cost of work injuries in 2019 was an estimated $171 billion. This estimate includes wage and productivity losses, medical expenses, administrative expenses and employers’ uninsured costs. In that same year, an estimated 105 million workdays were lost due to injuries (NSC, n.d.). This report does not provide any specific details or any characteristics about the injured. However, knowledge of certain characteristics of the injured such as age can be critical information. This type of information could be useful in the development of workplace hazard prevention and mitigation programs.

Co-Creating A Legal Check-Up In A School-Based Health Center Serving Low-Income Adolescents, Lisa Kessler, Yael Cannon, Nicole Tuchinda, Ana Caskin, Christina Balz Ndjatou, Vicki W. Girard, Deborah F. Perry

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The Problem: Marginalized populations experience health-harming legal needs—barriers to good health that require legal advocacy to overcome. Medical–legal partnerships (MLPs) embed lawyers into the healthcare team to resolve these issues, but identifying patients with health-harming legal needs is complex, and screening practices vary across MLPs.

Purpose of Article: Academic and community partners who collaborate in an MLP at a school-based health center (SBHC) share their process of co-creating a two-stage legal check-up for adolescents.

Key Points: Screening adolescents for health-harming legal needs is challenging. It took ongoing collaboration to refine the process to fit the needs of …

Policing Understood As A Racial Project: An Exploration Of The Role Law Enforcement Has Played In The Shaping Of Race Relations In The United States, Jahaan Chandler

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Law enforcement and minority communities have had a complicated history in the United States to say the least. The theoretical propositions used to explain the myriad of interlocking relationships between race, criminal activity, neighborhood disorder, public perceptions of crime, and law enforcement itself, have provided us with nuggets of insight that have all contributed to enhancing our understanding of crime and policing in the U.S., but none have provided an overall interpretation of this complex and often convoluted relationship. This dissertation seeks to rectify this issue by not only examining the history of law enforcement and its relation to minority …

California Policy Recommendations For Realizing The Promise Of Medication Abortion: How The Covid-19 Public Health Emergency Offers A Unique Lens For Catalyzing Change, Kerri Pinchuk

UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice

While the new composition of the United States Supreme Court has raised speculation about the fate of Roe v. Wade, for millions in America the promise of a patient’s right to choose an abortion is already a distant illusion.** Decades of work by anti-abortion policymakers has resulted in prohibitive state and federal funding restrictions and widespread clinic closures. But clinicians, advocates, and researchers are optimistic about one way to expand access: medication abortion. Known colloquially as “the abortion pill,” medication abortion is poised to significantly increase access for patients everywhere, and particularly for low-income patients and those who live in …

Socratic Teaching And Learning Styles: Exposing The Pervasiveness Of Implicit Bias And White Privilege In Legal Pedagogy, Rory Bahadur, Liyun Zhang

UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice

Legal educators who deny the efficacy of utilizing learning style theory inaccurately support their dismissal through misunderstanding and misrepresenting the science supporting such techniques. These erroneous conclusions are often the result of implicit bias and dysconscious racism favoring dominant white male norms and privileges. Such denial is not only disingenuous and inaccurate, but also highly detrimental to legal education, perpetuating a system that discourages and devalues the contributions and efforts of minority students.

Learning style preferences are a product of a student’s cultural background. Legal educators who recognize this and adapt their teaching methods to accommodate the modal preferences of …

Operating Within Systems Of Oppression, Karissa Provenza

UC Law Journal of Race and Economic Justice

No abstract provided.

“Some Mother’S Child Has Gone Astray”: Neuroscientific Approaches To A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Model Of Juvenile Sentencing, Michael L. Perlin, Alison Lynch

Articles & Chapters

There is a robust body of evidence that tells us that the juvenile brain is not fully developed by age 18, and this evidence should and does raise important questions about the sentencing of juveniles in criminal cases. This evidence, though, must be considered in the context of public opinion (about certain juvenile crimes that have been subject to saturation publicity) in the context of judges’ decision-making (where such judges do not want to be perceived as “soft on crime”). The conflict between what we now know and what (false) “ordinary common sense” demands (in the way of enhanced punishments) …

Refunding The Community: What Defunding Mpd Means And Why It Is Urgent And Realistic, Jli Vol. 39 Editorial Board

Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality

No abstract provided.

Judicial Temperament Explained, Terry A. Maroney

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Why do we care about judicial temperament? The basic logic is that temperament is an underlying factor that produces behaviors, some desired and some not. The behaviors most often cited as evidence of a good temperament — displays of courtesy, patience, level-headedness, and caring — are desirable because they advance procedural justice. They make litigants, attorneys, and the public feel heard and understood, foster respect for the courts, and — when displayed to fellow judges — advance collegiality. In contrast, the behaviors most often cited as evidence of a poor temperament — outsized or misplaced anger displays, discourtesy, impatience, and …

My Family Belongs To Me: A Child’S Constitutional Right To Family Integrity, Shanta Trivedi

All Faculty Scholarship

Every day in the United States, the government separates children from their parents based on their parents’ immigration status, incarceration, or involvement in the child welfare system—and the children have no say in the matter. The majority of these families are racial minorities and economically underprivileged.

Under current law, children’s ability to assert a constitutional right to keep their families free from government intrusion is not always apparent. This is in part because a single piece of Supreme Court dicta has muddied an otherwise clear family integrity doctrine, and many federal circuits are silent on the issue. Further, many children’s …

The Inadequacy Of The Impossible: Obtaining Post-Conviction Dna Testing In Alabama, Trena Riley

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Medical Error Disclosure: A Content Analysis Of State Legislation, Teresa Kathleen Sparks

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Medical error is a public health problem in the United States (U.S.), causing approximately 250,000 hospital deaths per year. Health care leaders and policy-makers have identified medical error disclosure as one of many viable evidence-based solutions to address the problem of medical error – leading to increased transparency in health care, improved patient outcomes, potential medical malpractice cost reduction, and decreased health care provider distress and turnover. Unfortunately, health care providers are often hesitant to practice disclosure and are not required to do so in most U.S. jurisdictions. A qualitative inquiry using content analysis was conducted to understand the language …

Faktor Timbulnya Permohonan Pengesahan Anak Luar Kawin (Studi Putusan Nomor 80/Pdt.P/2018/Pn.Jkt.Brt), Lifana Clarissa Irawan

Indonesian Notary

Lahirnya seorang anak dari hubungan kedua orangtuanya yang tidak terikat dalam hubungan perkawinan yang sah menyebabkan status anak yang dikatakan sebagai anak luar kawin. Anak luar kawin harus memikul dampak yang diterima dari keadaan tersebut. Stigma negatif yang ditujukan oleh masyarakat serta ketidakpastian hukum terhadap perlindungan serta perolehan hak yang sebagaimana seharusnya diterima dalam kedudukannya sebagai seorang anak, merupakan dampak yang harus diterima terhadap kedudukannya sebagai seorang anak luar kawin. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor yang melatarbelakangi timbulnya permohonan terhadap pengesahan anak luar kawin dan akibat hukumnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif menggunakan data sekunder …

Mommy, Baby And Rapist Makes Three? Amid Abortion Bans, The Pressing Need For A Nationwide Lower Standard To Strip Parental Rights, Regardless Of A Rape Conviction, Melanie Dostis

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

Among the fundamental rights recognized in the Constitution are the rights of parents to raise their children. While never interpreted as an absolute legal privilege, courts have exercised wide discretion in preserving this right and historically ignored the reality that not all parents are deserving of this right. Even though the family law system has protections in place to terminate parental rights for atrocities like abuse, it largely neglects an uncomfortable area of parental origin: parental rights regarding children conceived by rape. This is not only to the detriment of children, but, as this Note argues, at the peril of …

Taking The Lead: A Strategic Analysis Of Stealthing And The Best Route For Potential Civil Plaintiffs To Recover, Mckenney Cornett

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

A pervasive trend invading the sexual interactions between men and women, and homosexual men, is “stealthing” or “nonconsensual condom removal.” Stealthing garnered national and legal attention following Alexandra Brodsky’s article and study concerning the practice published in 2017. A typical stealthing case involves an initial, consensual sexual relationship between two parties predicated on the use of contraception. During the act, the partner removes the condom without the knowledge or consent of their sexual partner.

Despite its widespread impact, there has yet to be a criminal or civil case concerning nonconsensual condom removal brought in the United States, and the legislature …

Increasing Accountability For Rape In Liberia: The Need For A Forensic System To Increase The Success Rates Of Prosecution, Pela Boker Wilson

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

The need for a fully functioning forensic system has been identified by the Liberian government and international partners, but it has not been addressed. This Article argues that despite a robust framework put in place to create accountability for rape, Liberia needs a system of collecting and processing forensic evidence to increase the success rate of prosecutions that currently fail due to the inadequacy of non-forensic evidence.

Fulfilling Porter's Promise, Danielle Allyn

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

Despite the Porter court’s reference to a “long tradition of according leniency to veterans,” in the criminal legal system, veterans are overrepresented on death rows across America, including Georgia’s. Most of these veterans come to death row with experiences of marginalization due to other aspects of their identity, such as race or mental disability.

This Article examines the cases of six men executed in Georgia, each with a history of military service, and each with experiences of disenfranchisement based on race and/or mental disability. At trial, each confronted legal risks that disproportionately place Black people and people with mental disabilities …

Gender-Based Violence In International Human Rights Law: Evolution Towards A Binding Post-Binary Framework, Tatsiana Ziniakova

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

The present Article seeks to analyze the notion of gender-based violence, in light of the evolving gender discourse, and identify the problems associated with effectively addressing it in international human rights law. It analyzes the definitions of gender, enshrined in various human rights documents, and suggests using performative theory of gender to form a comprehensive view on gender-based violence. It also critically addresses three aspects of regulating gender-based violence: inclusivity, patriarchy, and normativity. It concludes that, in the long term, the commitment to eradicate gender-based violence should be strengthened by framing it as a binding treaty obligation on the universal …

Perlindungan Terhadap Hak-Hak Perempuan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017: Perspektif Feminisme Legal Theory, Wabilia Husnah

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) often experiencing physical, psychological, and sexual suffering. Indonesian Women Migrant Workers are also victims of trafficking. The implementation of Law of Indonesia No 18 Year 2017 is expected to protect Indonesian Women Migrant Workers. Thispaper will dissect the law through the perspective of the Feminist Legal Theory, to see whether the law has truly been able to fulfill all the rights of Indonesian Women Migrant Workers. This paper concludes that despite protecting Indonesian Women Migrant Workers, this law still feels gender blind. There are five weaknesses in this law, na mely: 1) not discussing the right …

Data Privacy Issues In West Virginia And Beyond: A Comprehensive Overview, Jena Martin

Consumer Law Scholarship

This white paper was commissioned by the Center for Consumer Law and Education, a joint initiative launched by West Virginia University and Marshall University to “coordinate the development of consumer law, policy, and education research to support and serve consumers.”

As such, this paper has a dual purpose. First, it provides a comprehensive overview of the many different legal issues that affect data privacy concerns (both nationally and in West Virginia). Second, it documents and discusses the result of a survey and specific focus groups that were undertaken throughout the fall of 2019 into January 2020 where individuals within the …

Mending Mepa Analysis: Properly Addressing Climate Change Costs Under The Minnesota Environmental Policy Act, Brent Murcia

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

When Claims About Lollipops Are Best Kept Under Wraps: Can The Fda Regulate Off-Label Speech?, Emily Moss

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

After R.M.A. V. Blue Springs, Can All Trans Birth Certificate Statues Finally Mean Something More?, Katrina C. Rose Ph.D.

Concordia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Dusting Off The Law Books: Recognizing Gender Persecution In Conflicts And Atrocities, Lisa Davis

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

War-time abuses against women, girls, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer (LGBTIQ), non-binary and gender non-conforming persons are not new. They are as old as human history, appearing in modern international criminal law records as far back as World War II (WWII). In conflicts across the globe, from Iraq to Colombia, armed actors have perpetrated gender-based crimes amounting to persecution in an effort to reinforce oppressive, discriminatory gender narratives. Rarely documented when they happen, perpetrators are hardly ever held accountable for these crimes. As a result, the crimes are often excluded from consideration by international and domestic tribunals, and in …