Digital Commons Network^™

Protecting Subsistence Lands While Boosting The Bottom Line: The Enhanced Federal Tax Incentive Available To Alaska Native Corporations For Donations Of Conservation Easements, Timothy Troll, Konrad Liegel

Alaska Law Review

Alaska Native corporations face a dilemma. They own land of immense and significant cultural and ecological value. Their lands are critical for maintaining the Alaska Natives' subsistence needs. But they are also corporations established under the law to maximize the economic value of their land holdings to provide financial dividends to their Native shareholders. This paper explores the enhanced federal tax incentive for donations of perpetual conservation easements that became available in 2015 to Alaska Native corporations. The tax incentive offers Alaska Native corporations a way to protect the aboriginal lands conveyed to them under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement …

Wilderness V. Oil: Resource Balancing In The Arcticnational Wildlife Refuge, Megan Mason Dister

Alaska Law Review

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), a national wildlife refuge in a remote region of Alaska, has captured the national spotlight for decades due to conflicting viewpoints on how to manage the refuge's resources. ANWR is home to a large population of diverse species and Alaska Native communities. However, it may also contain large quantities of oil. Debates over ANWR resource management often provide only two options: preserve the Coastal Plain as wilderness or allow energy development. In 2017, a congressional budget resolution opened a portion of ANWR (the Coastal Plain) to oil and gas leasing for the first time. …

The Kenai Rule In Four Acts: Bear Baiting, Firearms, And Hunting: Comment & Analysis Of Alaska V. Bernhardt, Jon C. Nachtigal, Mike Stocz

Alaska Law Review

The Kenai Rule, enacted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2016, prohibits (a) the hunting of brown bears with bait in the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, (b) most hunting in the Skilak Wildlife Recreation Area, and (c) the discharge of firearms along the Kenai and Russian Rivers. The Kenai Rule was challenged by the State of Alaska and Safari Club International in Alaska v. Bernhardt. This Comment provides an overview of the case as it was heard in the District Court of Alaska. This discussion includes arguments and counterarguments surrounding the application of four legislative acts: the …

10-Minute Ebd: Are Hearing Protective Devices Effective For Protecting Clinicians From Noise Exposure In Clinical Practice?, Julie Frantsve-Hawley Phd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This Ten-Minute Evidence-Based Dentistry Article provides an example of implementing the evidence-based dentistry search process with trusted search engines and identifying the best literature through critical appraisal to answer the clinical question: Are Hearing Protective Devices Effective for Protecting Clinicians from Noise Exposure in Clinical Practice? This article examines the effectiveness of hearing protective devices for safeguarding clinicians from noise exposure in dental practice. The clinical environment, exacerbated by COVID-19 aerosol-reducing devices, exposes oral health providers to elevated sound levels. While there's no conclusive evidence regarding the impact of handpieces on hearing, occupational noise exposure in dental settings can affect …

J Mich Dent Assoc December 2022

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Monthly, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and feature articles to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

• A cover story on Ensuring an Inclusive Environment for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Patients.
• A clinical feature: Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Lichen Planus.
• Feature information on the University of Michigan’s BioArtography Project.
• A recap on MDA volunteer leadership activity at the 2022 ADA House of Delegates.
• News you need, Editorial and regular department …

A New Feudalism: Selfish Genes, Great Wealth, And The Rise Of The Dynastic Family Trust (Dft), Eric Kades

Faculty Publications

Today’s record levels of economic inequality are infecting our future as the top 0.01% bequeath vast wealth to their descendants. With the death of the Rule Against Perpetuities (RAP), this inequality has the potential to harden social class lines—not just for a generation or two, but forever. Although it may sound implausible, interviews with estate lawyers serving very high-net-worth clients reveal that some members of the wealthiest tier of testators are already exploiting the RAP’s elimination, along with a tax loophole, to establish dynasty trusts that will financially empower their bloodline as long as it continues. Recent work in evolutionary …

The Art In Science: The University Of Michigan’S Bioartography Project, Deborah L. Gumucio Phd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

"The Art in Science: The University of Michigan’s BioArtography Project" emphasizes the importance of using art to convey scientific information to the public. Scientists and medical professionals often struggle to communicate their research effectively to non-experts. The BioArtography Project, initiated in 2005, combines art and science to bridge this communication gap. It features striking images of cells and tissues under microscopes, accompanied by lay-language descriptions of the research behind each image. The project aims to engage the public, stimulate curiosity, and convey information about scientific discoveries. BioArtography images have led to meaningful discussions with the public, dispelling myths and educating …

The Implications Of New York’S Gender Expression Non-Discrimination Act For Transgender Housing In Prisons, Rebecca Barrett

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Exploring Perceptions Of Control Within Offender Cognition And Recidivism Paradigms, Anistasha H. Lightning, Danielle Polage

Student Published Works

Elements of perceived control are associated with recidivism in offender populations. We investigated the application of locus of control to the frequency of personal involvement with the law and to beliefs surrounding the likelihood of future contact with the legal system. We hypothesized that, as the number of sentencings or legal experiences increased, locus of control would externalize. We also predicted that increased legal involvement would lead to greater belief in the likelihood of future involvement. A statistically significant path model suggests that locus of control appears to be a predictor of increased criminality, as opposed to the other way …

Overqualified And Underrepresented: Gender Inequality In Pharmaceutical Patent Law, S. Sean Tu, Paul R. Gugliuzza, Amy Semet

BYU Law Review

Pharmaceutical patents represent some of the most valuable intellectual property assets in the world: they can be worth billions of dollars if courts uphold their validity and find them infringed. But, if invalidated, generic drug manufacturers can get to market earlier, generating billions of dollars of revenue for themselves and creating enormous savings for consumers. Accordingly, drug patents are the product of careful, high-cost prosecution and are associated with high-stakes, bet-the-company litigation.

But women lawyers are noticeably absent from pharmaceutical patent practice. This article reports an original empirical study finding that women comprise only one-third of the top pharmaceutical patent …

Contractual Complexity, Spencer Williams

Faculty Scholarship

Lawyers, judges, scholars, and clients all agree on one thing about contracts: they are complex. But what does this actually mean? What is contractual complexity and where does it come from? Despite widespread agreement that contracts are complex, the literature on contracts has yet to effectively define contractual complexity. Furthermore, the literature lacks a general theory of complexity that connects it to the broader body of contracts scholarship. This Article aims to fill these gaps. Drawing on complexity theory, the Article argues that contractual complexity is the degree of interactivity between a contract’s terms. Building on this definition, the Article …

Towards An Equitable Review Of Pre-Embryo And Divorce Disputes For Women, Lilah Kleban

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

Pre-embryos, procured through in-vitro fertilization (IVF), become a source of dispute when couples divorce or separate before using them. Particularly, couples may fight over who has decision-making power to use or not use the frozen pre-embryos for pregnancy. State courts across jurisdictions typically apply one of three categorical approaches: disposition contracts, contemporaneous mutual consent, or a balancing interests test. Each approach fails to provide courts with structures to fully evaluate each party’s interests at the time of dispute and account for inherent sex and gender differences that impact their stakes in the dispute. This Note proposes a modified balancing test …

Comments On The International Criminal Court Office Of The Prosecutor's Draft Policy On The Crime Of Gender Persecution Under The Rome Statute, Milena Sterio

Law Faculty Reports and Comments

The Draft Policy promises to be a seminal contribution not only to the Office of the Prosecutor's (OTP) policy and practice and the International Criminal Court's (ICC) jurisprudence on gender persecution, but also to the development of international criminal law generally. Building on its prior work, including the 2014 Policy Paper, the OTP is well placed to develop policies and procedures that protect historically marginalized and oppressed groups, deliver justice that accurately reflects the depth and breadth of the gender persecution suffered, and shed light on a crime that has to date received only limited attention.

As it finalizes the …

Predictors Of College Student Support Toward Colin Kaepernick’S National Anthem Protests, Brooke Coursen, Nicole Peiffer, Sakira Coleman, Philip Lucius

VA Engage Journal

Racial discrimination and inequality have perpetuated within the U.S. since its inception. In 2016, Colin Kaepernick initiated the national anthem protests to oppose the oppression of people of color in America. This study was developed in 2018 to identify social determinants of health underlying discriminatory beliefs and behaviors. The objective was to investigate the impacts of college students’ race, gender, political ideology, socio-economic status [SES], NFL interest, patriotism, and general protest support on support for the national anthem protests. We administered paper-and-pencil surveys across locations on the James Madison University campus using a convenience sample. There were 408 participants included, …

Reflecting On Unclos Forty Years Later: What Worked, What Failed, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo

International Law Studies

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was opened for signature on December 10, 1982, after nine years of painstaking debate. Hailed as “A Constitution for the Oceans,” the Convention was immediately signed by 119 States, a remarkable number given the contentious and complex nature of the negotiations, and today has 168 parties. The intent of the Conference that drafted the treaty was to produce a comprehensive and universally accepted convention covering every aspect of the uses and resources of the oceans that would stand the test of time. This article analyzes the various provisions of …

Parameters Winter Issue 2022-23, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Safeguarding America’S “Unnatural” Guardians: How Georgia’S Legal Guardianship Statute Excludes “Atypical,” Matriarchal Familial Structures Rooted In Black Culture, Destiny B. Barnett

Georgia Law Review

The stereotypical American family is often seen as one man, one woman, and their child. However, this notion of the traditional family is changing. For centuries, familial matriarchs have assumed roles typically reserved for a child’s biological parents. Specifically, African American grandmothers, aunts, and other female figures have served as kinship caregivers for countless generations of children dating back to before the period of American slavery. These forgotten matriarchs, who often serve as the foundation of African American family units, have been historically abandoned by our universalist legal system that idolizes the nuclear concept of family and favors the retention …

Sexism And Racism In"The Bluest Eyes " By Toni Morrison, Dr. Nibras Ahmed Abdullah Al-Khazraji Al-Iraqia

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

Toni Morrison is a famous Afro-American woman novelist who wins a Nobel prize of Literature for the novel beloved. This study explores issues related to sexism and racism which are manifested in her life and work. The novel examined by this study are Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, The texts recreate an ideology of African-American womanhood which privileges self-definition. Morrison creates remarkable black women characters in the novel. The characters attempt to establish their own identity amidst the multilayered and interconnected oppressions of sexism and racism. Thereafter, these women managed to retain their identities throughout the novels. The research adopts to …

يعد التنوع الاحيائي واستدامته وتحقيق السلامة الاحيائية من المواضيع التي تخضع الى ضغوط بيئية متزايدة وتدهور مستمر رغم انها بموقع الصدارة في الاهتمام البيئي, ويشكل هور الدلمج بيئة طبيعية جغرافية بما تحتويه من موارد نباتية وحيوانية مختلفة, اذ يقع بين محافظة واسط والقادسية ويتغذى من مياه المصب العام عن طريق قناة التغذية, وتتفاوت معدلات التصريف ونوعية المياه تبعا لاختلاف الايرادات المائية, ويعد فقدان التنوع الاحيائي واحدة من المشاكل التي لها تأثير كبير على قدرة الانظمة البيئية في تحقيق التوازن البيئي, بسبب الجفاف والانخفاض المستمر في الايرادات المائية مع ارتفاع درجات الحرارة ومعدلات التبخر وهذا انعكس سلبا على مساحتها وخصائصها, لذا استهدف البحث, بيان اثر العوامل الطبيعية على التنوع الاحيائي في هور الدلمج, وخلص البحث الى مجموعة من التوصيات منها اتخاذ التدابير اللا زمة للتكيف مع تغير المناخ والجفاف والحد من اثاره السلبية., أ.م.د . عباس عبد الحسين خضير, م.م ميادة فهد محمد

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

يعد التنوع الاحيائي واستدامته وتحقيق السلامة الاحيائية من المواضيع التي تخضع الى ضغوط بيئية متزايدة وتدهور مستمر رغم انها بموقع الصدارة في الاهتمام البيئي, ويشكل هور الدلمج بيئة طبيعية جغرافية بما تحتويه من موارد نباتية وحيوانية مختلفة, اذ يقع بين محافظة واسط والقادسية ويتغذى من مياه المصب العام عن طريق قناة التغذية, وتتفاوت معدلات التصريف ونوعية المياه تبعا لاختلاف الايرادات المائية, ويعد فقدان التنوع الاحيائي واحدة من المشاكل التي لها تأثير كبير على قدرة الانظمة البيئية في تحقيق التوازن البيئي, بسبب الجفاف والانخفاض المستمر في الايرادات المائية مع ارتفاع درجات الحرارة ومعدلات التبخر وهذا انعكس سلبا على مساحتها وخصائصها, لذا …

Gis&Rs النمذجة الكارتوغرافية للمظاهر الجيولوجية لمحافظات العراق اعتمادا على التحاليل الكيميائية باستخدام, ا.م.د. نبراس عباس ياس, د. رغد سلمان محمد, نصير عبد الجبار الساعدي

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

Soil is a world in itself and can be understood and deepened and its various characteristics only through the breadth of the horizon of human knowledge and soil is the product of multiple geographically and interrelated elements such as (air, water, rocks, biology, climate, terrain and time) The importance of this study to use an applied analytical methodology in Detecting, monitoring, analyzing and producing maps of the spatial variation of the geological manifestations represented by the physical and chemical properties of many mineral elements within the soil and their impact on the nature of the soil within the study area …

(( اقتراح معيار لتحديد التأثير الصحي للتلوث الضوئي( ( دارسة تجريبية: مدينة النجف نموذجا, أ.م.د. شكري ابراهيم الحسن, م.د. زينب عبدالرزاق التغلبي

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

This study aims to propose a standard for determining the health effects of light pollution as a growing type of other environmental pollution. In view of the potential risks posed by continuous exposure to various sources of light pollution, the proposed standard is necessary. A laboratory experiment was conducted on a sample of volunteers in Najaf City. Volunteers of both sexes and different ages were subjected to varying optical stresses. Volunteers demonstrated different health responses to each light intensity, and on this basis a standard was established to diagnose the health impact of light pollution for each case. The standard …

كشف التدهور البيئي حسب المؤشرات الطيفية لبيانات القمر الصناعي لاندسات ٨ للساحل العراقي, ا.م.د.هالة محمد سعيد مجيد, م.م.علاء مهدي صالح الزهيري

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

No abstract provided.

Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (Stem) Project-Based Learning (Pbl) Education: A New Mexico Case Study For Equity And Inclusion, Kimberly A. Scheerer

Teacher Education, Educational Leadership & Policy ETDs

This research addresses how student participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) project-based learning (PBL) education activities encourages underrepresented minority student achievement in STEM career field trajectories. Seven New Mexico high school counselors and 12 STEM organization personnel were interviewed during this study. Their responses represent the nuanced professional voices where New Mexico public education intersects with STEM student interest and cultural influence.

For students, STEM PBL can foster deep integration across educational disciplines and enhance STEM career trajectory interest and readiness. STEM education converged with PBL methodologies has the ability to leverage community support while broadening student networks. …

Is Information Property? Distinctive Genetic Information Has Ananswer, Kumiko Kitaoka

Ohio Northern University Law Review

No abstract provided.

H.J. Russell & Company, Order Granting With Prejudice Defendants' Join Motion To Dismiss, Wesley B. Tailor

Superior Court of Fulton County: Metro Atlanta Business Case Division Opinions

No abstract provided.

The Legal Framework Applicable To Intrusive Intelligence, Surveillance, And Reconnaissance Operations In The Air And Maritime Domains, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo

International Law Studies

The validity of intrusive intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations in the maritime and air domains depends on the location from which the operation is conducted. Intrusive ISR conducted beyond the territorial sea and national airspace is considered an internationally lawful use of the sea that is not subject to coastal State jurisdiction or interference. Efforts by a handful of States to regulate ISR operations in and over the exclusive economic zone are clearly inconsistent with a plain reading of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on International Civil Aviation (and their negotiating …

Big Data Affirmative Action, Peter N. Salib

Northwestern University Law Review

As a vast and ever-growing body of social-scientific research shows, discrimination remains pervasive in the United States. In education, work, consumer markets, healthcare, criminal justice, and more, Black people fare worse than whites, women worse than men, and so on. Moreover, the evidence now convincingly demonstrates that this inequality is driven by discrimination. Yet solutions are scarce. The best empirical studies find that popular interventions—like diversity seminars and antibias trainings—have little or no effect. And more muscular solutions—like hiring quotas or school busing—are now regularly struck down as illegal. Indeed, in the last thirty years, the Supreme Court has invalidated …

Provisions On The Concealment Of Esthetic Imperfections, Through Therapeutic Or Cosmetic Interventions, From The Fiancé: Islamic Jurisdictive Study From A Medical Perspective, Asma Salmeen Al-Aryani Dr., Nihal Abdullah Ahmed Dr.

مجلة جامعة الإمارات للبحوث القانونية UAEU LAW JOURNAL

The aim of this research is to explain the provisions of jurisprudence of hiding some unapparent defects or imperfections by the fiancée from her future husband through either therapeutic or cosmetic procedures.

The treatment may be a cure of a congenital disease that may affect the marriage, offspring or both, or it may not affect any of them. Treatment may also be the cure of an imbalance that affects the human and caused by himself or others. This imbalance may have impact on marital life, offspring, both of them or it may not have an effect on either of them. …

The Presidential Succession Act At 75 | Presidential And Vice Presidential Illness And The Presidential Succession Act Of 1947, Rose Mcdermott

Fordham Law Review Online

These remarks were delivered as part of the program entitled The Presidential Succession Act at 75: Praise It or Bury It?, which was held on April 6, 2022, and hosted by the Fordham University School of Law. The Presidential Succession Act sets out the presidential line of succession and other procedures for situations in which the president and vice president have both died, resigned, been removed, or become unable to discharge the presidency’s powers and duties. The Act also addresses succession scenarios before Inauguration Day. In light of the statute’s seventy-fifth anniversary, this program explored relevant history and analyzed …

The Presidential Succession Act At 75 | Carl Albert, Bipartisanship, And Presidential Succession: Lessons From Watergate, Joseph J. Fins

Fordham Law Review Online

These remarks were delivered as part of the program entitled The Presidential Succession Act at 75: Praise It or Bury It?, which was held on April 6, 2022, and hosted by the Fordham University School of Law. The Presidential Succession Act sets out the presidential line of succession and other procedures for situations in which the president and vice president have both died, resigned, been removed, or become unable to discharge the presidency’s powers and duties. The Act also addresses succession scenarios before Inauguration Day. In light of the statute’s seventy-fifth anniversary, this program explored relevant history and analyzed …