Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of Environmental Frugal Innovation On Consumers’ Eco-Responsible Behaviour In Togo, Preabalo Essokobré N’Danida, Doman Gnoufougou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This research examines the effect of environmental frugal innovation on consumers' eco-responsible behaviour. A mixed approach was adopted, using a questionnaire and a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modelling results show that three dimensions—cost efficiency, functional simplicity and local embeddedness—have a positive and significant effect on consumers' eco-responsible behaviour, validating the corresponding hypotheses. By contrast, environmental impact and social impact do not show significant effects. The study concludes by identifying limitations and suggesting future research directions, particularly on how accessible and locally adapted innovations can encourage more responsible consumption in developing countries.

Human Capital, Gender And Labour Market Duality In Morocco: A Comparative Analysis Of Wage Earners And Non-Agricultural Self-Employed Workers, Zineb Nahmed, Malika Nahmed, Abdeljaoaud Ezzrari

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article provides a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic situation of wage earners and non-agricultural self-employed workers in Morocco, based on data from the 2019/2020 National Survey on Sources of Income. Drawing on human capital theory, labour market segmentation, the institutional approach to informality and gender theories, the study highlights the inequality dynamics shaping access to employment, social protection and income. The results show that human capital has a positive effect on income, but that this effect is stronger among wage earners than among self-employed workers, who are often confined to informality. Labour market duality is particularly marked between formal …

Women Managers And Employee Well-Being In Guinea: What Role Does The Iglo Model Play In Workplace Resources?, Zinsou Daniel Nakou, Fatoumata Ibrahima Camara, Ibrahima Bah, Serge Francis Simen Nana

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This research examines the impact of women managers on employee well-being through a mediation model introducing the IGLO framework of workplace resources at the individual, group, leadership and organizational levels. The study adopts a quantitative hypothetico-deductive approach using data collected from 100,000 observations between 2022 and 2024 and processed with SPSS. The results show that a higher proportion of women managers is associated with improved employee well-being, notably through reduced work stress, higher work engagement, greater job satisfaction and stronger workplace cohesion. More broadly, women managers can act as agents of change by improving workplace resources at several levels, including …

Islamic Fintech And Financial Inclusion In Morocco: Perceptions, Uses And Prospects, Inas Bennani, Said Lotfi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Islamic FinTech is considered a potential lever for financial inclusion. This study identifies the factors that hinder or promote its development in Morocco. Using a mixed methodology, an online questionnaire was completed by 70 professionals from the financial, technological, institutional and academic sectors. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS, while responses to open-ended questions were analysed thematically using the framework proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). This dual approach demonstrates the potential of Islamic FinTech in Morocco in terms of inclusion, particularly among entrepreneurs and women. The results point to barriers to adoption, including limited financial education, inadequate regulation and …

Microfinance And Financial Inclusion: A Multilevel Analysis Of Barriers Related To Repayment Delays According To Individual And Regional Profiles – The Case Of Al Amana Microfinance, Meryem Massine, Hajar El-Mahdad, Youssef Bouazizi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the determinants of repayment delays in Moroccan microfinance using an original administrative database of 476,145 borrowers financed by Al Amana between 2010 and 2022. Combining count models and a multilevel approach, the analysis shows that repayment discipline results from a combination of individual, contractual and territorial factors. The findings indicate that women, older borrowers, more educated clients and borrowers with accumulated credit experience have significantly fewer arrears, while larger loan amounts, some marital profiles and agricultural activities increase the risk of delay. The multilevel model shows that 6.49% of the variance in arrears is explained by regional …

Towards Broader Responsibility? A Quasi-Experimental Analysis Of The Effect Of Foreign Ownership On Corporate Social Practices In Morocco, Youssef Bouazizi, Adil Cherkaoui, Mohammed Ghazouani

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the impact of foreign ownership on firms' social performance in Morocco, a context marked by increasing non-financial requirements and an institutional framework still under development. Using World Bank Enterprise Survey data for 2013, 2019 and 2023, the study builds a composite social performance index focused on gender equality, continuous training and human capital development. To address selection bias linked to foreign ownership, the study applies propensity score matching to estimate the average treatment effect. The findings show that firms partially or majority-owned by foreign investors have significantly higher levels of social performance than comparable domestic firms. This …

Sustainable Solutions For Food Security In Djibouti: A Renewable Energy Initiative, Michaëlle Arielle Kouakep Tsoh, Tsoh Ekassi Gilbert, Thierry Césaire Kenmogne, Brice Pinga Tcheugoué, Justin Kouamo

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

According to the World Bank Group, East African countries have fragile food systems and low agricultural production. Djibouti is among the most undernourished countries in Africa and is severely affected by freshwater scarcity. Households regularly face climatic shocks and high electricity costs. This literature review characterizes Djibouti’s food systems and food security situation, identifies and analyzes renewable energy technologies implemented to improve food security in the local context, and presents renewable technologies as sustainable solutions to food insecurity. The results show that rural households are more likely to be food insecure and that the Djiboutian government promotes sustainable energy solutions. …

Reconfiguring Civil Society Organization Governance Models For Social Inclusion And Sustainable Innovation: Practical Contributions Of The Tamuri Programme, Oussama El Hadfi, Mostafa Kharbachi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Today, civil society organizations (CSOs) play a decisive role in promoting social innovation and reducing inequalities, particularly in disadvantaged territories. Aware of their potential, several support and guidance schemes have emerged to strengthen their impact. The Tamuri programme, led by the Moroccan Center for Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship (MCISE) and co-funded by the European Union, is part of this dynamic through structured and personalized support for CSOs from diverse territorial contexts. Despite these efforts, many organizations still face difficulties related to governance, financial structuring and the sustainability of their actions. This article aims to analyze, through an empirical approach and …

Comparative Approach To Inclusion Models In Social Policies In Mena Countries, Taoufik El Idrissi, Omar Raji, Zouhir Tassi, Anas Ouachani

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Social inclusion policies in Global South countries vary widely according to political choices, historical contexts and development models. This paper provides a comparative analysis of inclusion models in social policies in the MENA region, drawing on human development theories and comparative institutionalism. It discusses three main paradigms: universalist inclusion, targeted inclusion and capacity-based inclusion. The analysis shows how inclusion logics are shaped by international agendas, internal political configurations and interactions between civil society and public actors. It also highlights the strengths and limits of each model in reducing social inequalities and opens a discussion on hybrid, locally grounded inclusive policies.

Editorial : Rethinking Public Policies And Management Practices Through The Lens Of Inclusion And Social Innovation, Fatima Zahra Alami, Adil Cherkaoui, Abdellatif Komat, Raja Temnati

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This editorial introduces a special issue of the Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management (REMADEG) devoted to selected contributions from the international conference “Rethinking Public Policies and Management Practices through the Lens of Inclusion and Social Innovation”, held on 13–14 February 2026 at the Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences of Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca. It presents the scientific context of the issue, the rigorous double-blind review process, and the main themes addressed by the eleven selected articles, including financial inclusion, social responsibility, public policy, social entrepreneurship, governance, territorial development and the inclusion of vulnerable …

The Impact Of International Organizations On The Development And Enforcement Of International Humanitarian Law, Mubeen Majid Jaber

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The struggle for survival and human dignity continues in Syria, Yemen, and Ukraine amid ongoing armed conflicts, while international organizations seek to uphold International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In many instances, the enforcement of humanitarian law falls short of established standards. Organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the International Criminal Court (ICC) play vital roles in promoting and implementing humanitarian principles and protecting human rights. However, their effectiveness often depends on political cooperation and the existence of conditions conducive to peace. This study examines selected case studies to evaluate how political …

Trial By Fire: Disaster Justice And Lessons Learned, Clifford Villa

Faculty Scholarship

Disaster Justice reflects the intersection of environmental justice and disaster law. The study of disaster justice is becoming increasingly essential as disasters become more frequent and devastating in the face of accelerating climate change. Disaster law is marked by statutes such as the federal Stafford Act and by theory such as the “disaster cycle” of readiness, response, and recovery. Environmental justice recognizes that the distribution of harms such as bad air or water quality may be distributed inequitably among groups such as low-income populations or racial minorities. In similar fashion, the adverse impacts of disasters may also be distributed inequitably …

Review Of Gautam Bhatia’S The Indian Constitution: A Conversation With Power, Aishwarya Singh

National Law School of India Review

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From Chainsaws To Courtrooms: Corporate Climate Litigation And Deforestation In Brazil, Maria Antonia Tigre, Mariana Barbosa Cirne

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Corporate climate litigation has emerged as one of the most dynamic and high profile tools for addressing the private sector’s role in the climate crisis. While much of the scholarship and public debate has centered on cases in the United States and Europe, litigation targeting corporations in the Global South — particularly Brazil — has grown rapidly, both in volume and significance. Brazil now ranks among the world’s top jurisdictions for corporate climate damage claims. These suits have pioneered methods for quantifying climate damages, often from illegal deforestation, and have tested the reach of the civil liability regime in novel …

Nevada Legal History: Trailblazing Nevada African American Attorneys, Bryan K. Scott

External Articles & Tributes

No abstract provided.

Made In America, Hidden By Ai: Ai Shopping Chatbots Reveal How Amazon And Walmart Hurt American Manufacturers And Deceive Shoppers, Erie Meyer, Zachary Harris

Center for Law and the Economy

This article investigates the capabilities of two AI shopping agents — Alexa for Shopping and Sparky, operated by Amazon and Walmart respectively — to identify country of origin for products on their respective platforms and flag potential “Made in USA” misrepresentations — where products with “Made in USA” in their title or listing have another country or “imported” listed as their country of origin. This article finds that (1) Amazon and Walmart have the technical capability to detect and flag “Made in USA” fraud; (2) “Made in USA” fraud appears to be common on both Amazon and Walmart; (3) Amazon …

Information For Submitting Articles To Law Reviews & Journals, Allen Rostron, Nancy Levit

Faculty Works

The following are two charts useful for the law review/journal article submission process. The first chart contains information gathered from the journals' websites about the following topics: Methods for submitting an article (such as by e-mail, Scholastica, or regular mail); any special formatting requirements; how to request an expedited review; and how to withdraw an article after it has been accepted for publication elsewhere. Where it is announced, the chart includes whether a journal accepts submissions by students from other law schools.

Are You Smarter Than A 1l?, Jennifer L. Dubetz

Law Faculty Scholarship

Do you ever wonder “what in the library is obvious to law students but not to me and conversely, what is obvious to me but not to law students?”

I decided to find out by sitting in on some of the 1L Introduction to Legal Research classes.

This turned out to be a valuable experience in which I increased my ability to use the library’s print and digital offerings, learned how class formats and technology have changed in the years since I was a student, and I developed a good understanding of what a research plan and log are and …

Interim Measures In International Commercial Arbitration: Revisiting Enforceability, Sophia Kubo

Michigan Journal of International Law

Interim measures may offer a solution to obstructive tactics in international commercial disputes. While arbitral tribunals’ authority to grant provisional relief is now widely recognized, enforcement remains legally uncertain and fragmented, undermining the promise of this solution. Acknowledging that proposals for a supranational treaty on enforcement of interim measures or an amendment to existing treaties are unrealistic, this article offers a critical analysis of existing enforcement models– court assistance, exequatur, and mixed approaches–and evaluates them through the lens of legal certainty and efficiency. The article argues that the exequatur model, supported by a dynamic interpretation of the New York Convention, …

Insurgent Until Proven Innocent: Land, Power, And The Right To Defend Rights, Kelsey Jost-Creegan

Michigan Journal of International Law

As the climate crisis intensifies, advocates worldwide have stood up to defend their communities, territories, and environment. In response, they have faced violent retaliation. This repression persists despite evolving international, regional, and national-level legal frameworks around the “right to defend rights” and the “right to protection.” This article begins by providing a comprehensive overview of this evolving legal landscape. Against this backdrop, the article examines the tactics and architectures of violence used to repress land and environmental defenders through the lens of counterinsurgency theory.

The article proposes a typology of counterinsurgent violence including: surveillance; stigmatization; criminalization; arbitrary detention; infiltration; cooptation; …

Institutionalizing The Trade-Labor Nexus, Yueming Yan

Michigan Journal of International Law

While scholars have extensively explored the evolution of labor provisions in trade agreements, less attention has been paid to the institutional mechanisms that operationalize these provisions. This article addresses this gap by offering a comparative analysis of labor compliance models that are emerging across jurisdictions.

Recognizing that no institutional design is without trade-offs, this article applies the theory of comparative institutional analysis to evaluate existing models—not by asking whether they are (in)effective in the abstract, but: (in)effective compared to what? Specifically, it examines the strengths and limitations of various institutional mechanisms using benchmarks that matter to policymakers, including procedural efficiency, …

Active Limited Partners Flunk Functional Test, Karen Burke

UF Law Faculty Publications

In 1977, Congress enacted section 1402(a)(13), which exempts limited partners "as such" from self-employment tax on their share of partnership income. A half century later, active investment management professionals have claimed limited partner status to avoid self-employment tax on investment management fees, seemingly standing this anti-abuse rule on its head. While the Treasury twice issued proposed regulations to clarify and modernize the definition of a limited partner, these attempts encountered a firestorm of protest. The Tax Court's controversial Soroban decision rejected claims that state-law limited partners are automatically exempt from self-employment tax, holding that a functional analysis is required to …

A Language Model’S Capability To Make Reasoned Decisions In Administrative Law, Robert Diab

Dalhousie Law Journal

This paper calls into question a common set of assumptions about the use of artificial intelligence in administrative law in Canada. While some assume that AI (AI) may be useful for assisting a decision-maker where core rights are affected, the prevailing view is that it cannot be relied upon to make final decisions, due mainly to functional limitations: AI cannot give reasons and its outcomes are fraught with bias and opacity that cannot be overcome. The prevailing view, however, took shape in response to earlier, more limited forms of AI. Large language models can be used in a way that …

Aboriginal Title In Former French Colonies: Reaching Back Before The Assertion Of French Sovereignty, Ghislain Otis

Dalhousie Law Journal

A substantial part of Canada was colonized by France well before the British arrival in the mid-eighteenth century. This article examines the effect of the assertion of French sovereignty on the Aboriginal title regime recognized under British-Canadian law.

In Part I, the author identifies a trend in the jurisprudence whereby courts assess the Indigenous territorial situation existing at the time of the British assertion of sovereignty, rather than at the time of French sovereignty, for the purpose of applying the exclusive control criterion underlying the recognition of Aboriginal title. The author then demonstrates that this approach creates significant difficulties for …

Can Laws Be Flexible? Rethinking Legislation For Innovation, Nicholson W. Price Ii, Nick K. Schneider, Ariel Dora Stem, Jochen K. Lennerz

Articles

Agile legislation adapts principles from agile software development to lawmaking, emphasizing iteration, multi-stakeholder feedback, and embedded revision. We outline this learning-oriented governance model using three case studies: Germany’s stepwise digital health legislation, the EU AI Act, and U.S. FDA user-fee reauthorization. These examples highlight legislative designs that enable structured generation of real-world data and evidence during implementation, informing regulatory interpretation and iterative refinement in rapidly evolving technological domains.

The Coming Privatization Of Corporate Law, Dorothy S. Lund, Eric L. Talley

Faculty Scholarship

For more than a century, American corporate law has revolved around a simple competitive premise: State governments supply corporate law while companies choose their state of incorporation, and the market rewards the state offering the best corporate law product. Delaware’s longstanding market dominance (especially for public companies) is often explained through the confluence of its unusually attractive institutional package: expert judges, extensive precedent, a specialized bar, an enabling statute, and a legislature that — at least traditionally — treats corporate law as something to be calibrated technocratically rather than politicized.

A Qualitative Study Of Key “Regulatory” Factors Influencing Patient Access To Medical Assistance In Dying In Canada, Ruthie Jeanneret, Eliana Close, Jocelyn Downie, Ben P. White

Dalhousie Law Journal

Medical assistance in dying (“MAiD”) was legalized federally in Canada after the landmark case, Carter v Canada (AG), 2015 SCC 5. Bill C-14 introduced a federal legislative framework for MAiD in 2016, which was amended by Bill C-7 in 2021. Some Bill C-7 amendments directly responded to the decision in Truchon c Canada (PG), 2019 QCCS 3792. Other amendments responded to several factors identified as barriers to patient access, including the requirement for two independent witnesses, the 10-day reflection period, and the requirement to provide final consent at the time of administration of MAiD medication. However, emerging literature identifies that …

Privacy, Paternalism, And Standing In Health Professions Regulation, Anthony Sangiuliano

Dalhousie Law Journal

When investigating whether a doctor has behaved unethically while treating a patient, professional regulatory colleges may search patients’ confidential medical records without patients’ consent. I argue that this practice is not paternalistic, nor does it usurp patients’ standing to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their privacy to hold the doctor to account for professional wrongdoing. College investigations that non-consensually invade patient privacy do not express disrespect for patients’ agency because they aim to mitigate harm to the broader public. Unlike criminal prosecutions of doctors which uphold moral values pervading the public at large, college investigations enforce ethical standards within …

Table Of Contents

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Procedural Drift: How Judicial Restraint Enables Legalized Backsliding, Dessie Otachliska

Washington and Lee Law Review

This Article introduces Procedural Drift, a new theory of constitutional erosion in which legality itself enables democratic decline. Legal forms remain intact, but their constraining force quietly recedes as procedural doctrines withdraw courts from sites of contestation. Executive power expands not by defying law, but by strategically complying with it—exploiting judicial restraint to evade review.

Building on Bruce Ackerman’s theory of constitutional moments and Kim Lane Scheppele’s concept of autocratic legalism, this Article develops a U.S.-specific account of democratic backsliding that is lawful, gradual, and institutionally embedded. It traces how judicial restraint—operating amid partisan alignment and epistemic fragmentation—erodes legal checks …