Digital Commons Network^™

Voices Of The Denied, Heather Spencer

Lewis & Clark Law Review

This Note explores the impact of lengthy prison sentences on rehabilitation and the need for second chances. While incarceration serves purposes such as retribution and incapacitation, it fails to promote rehabilitation and deterrence. Oregon should do more in providing opportunities for early release and rehabilitation for individuals serving lengthy sentences. The Note features interviews with incarcerated individuals who share their thoughts and experiences. Overall, this Note sheds light on the importance of second chances and on the need for reform in the criminal justice system to ensure that prisoners are not denied the chance to lead productive and fulfilling lives.

They're Cops, Too, Shanée Brown

Scholarly Works

Caseworkers or child protective workers are government officials tasked with investigating allegedly endangered children and their parents or guardians. They work for state agencies and exercise police power, but this kind of police power intrusively interferes with the life of an individual more than police power wielded by other law enforcement agencies. The Fourth Amendment provides individuals with protections against illegal searches and seizures of bodies and private spaces by the government, and police officers, as well as caseworkers, are required to respect these constitutional protections. Caseworkers, who are state actors, are dedicated to public safety in that they have …

The Domestic And International Limitations Of The Third-Party Doctrine In The Digital Age, Miguel E. Serrano

American University Business Law Review

This Comment argues that the third-party doctrine further alienates EU-U.S. partnerships because the doctrine subverts privacy interests as binding legal precedent. Part II will explore the history of the third-party doctrine up until the Carpenter decision and explain why U.S. privacy rights are linked with access to third-party information. This Comment will further outline EU data protection laws, EU legislation, and the CJEU’s Schrems II decision. In Part III, this Comment will also analyze the new data protection framework, Executive Order 14086, and discuss whether it fails to overcome the CJEU’s concerns over U.S. privacy laws for EU subjects. By …

The Regulatory Power Exception To The Automatic Stay, Kathleen Gatti

Bankruptcy Research Library

(Excerpt)

Upon a filing a petition under title 11 of the United States Code (the "Bankruptcy Code"), all actions against a debtor are generally automatically stayed. While the automatic stay is broad, there are exceptions. Under the regulatory power or police power exception, a governmental unit or organization is not stayed from taking any action "to enforce such governmental unit's or organization's police and regulatory power." Not all actions by a government are immune from the automatic stay. Courts have generally held that an action to effectuate a "public policy" is not stayed, but an action to advance the government’s …

Proposed Methodologies To Cure The No-Fly List’S Current Violations Of The Due Process Clause For Affected U.S. Citizens, Sierra Stone

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

Often, the No-Fly List is a helpful tool that increases the safety of commercial aviation for U.S. citizens flying domestically and internationally. The TSA and various intergovernmental agencies utilize a nomination process and those who meet the requisite criteria are added to a database and can be entered into the No-Fly List. Once being placed on the “List,” an individual is no longer allowed to board a flight flying anywhere within or over U.S. airspace. However, for a small number of people, this deprivation of the ability to fly came unjustifiably and without realistic opportunities to be removed from the …

The Potential For Conflicts Between Ccs Projects And Mineral Extraction, Joseph Schremmer

Faculty Articles

This article classifies the types of conflicts likely to occur between carbon dioxide sequestration and mineral extraction operations occurring simultaneously on the same tract of land. It then sets up framework for thinking through the legal disputes that may result. These are modest goals, and the central problem—concurrent carbon dioxide sequestration and mineral development—is more complex than can be fully analyzed here. I expect that much more work will need to be done on other important questions, hopefully building on this framework. Three further questions worthy of attention are (i) how these principles guide resolutions of specific kinds of disputes, …

มาตรการส่งเสริมการมีตัวแทนภาษีขึ้นทะเบียนในประเทศไทย, รัสรินทร์ ตันตราชัย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การจัดการภาษีในประเทศไทยยังคงเผชิญกับความซับซ้อนของกฎหมายและกระบวนการยื่นแบบภาษี ซึ่งส่งผลให้เกิดข้อผิดพลาดและความเสี่ยงในการถูกลงโทษทางกฎหมาย ปัจจุบัน ระบบภาษีของไทยยังขาดมาตรการที่ส่งเสริมและควบคุมตัวแทนภาษีในระดับบุคคลที่ชัดเจน การพัฒนาระบบตัวแทนภาษีขึ้นทะเบียนจึงมีความสำคัญในการเพิ่มความน่าเชื่อถือและประสิทธิภาพของระบบภาษี โดยเฉพาะในกรณีที่ผู้เสียภาษีต้องการความช่วยเหลือจากผู้เชี่ยวชาญในการจัดการภาษีอย่างถูกต้องและครบถ้วนงานวิจัยนี้มุ่งเน้นการวิเคราะห์มาตรการส่งเสริมการมีตัวแทนภาษีขึ้นทะเบียนในประเทศไทย โดยพิจารณาแนวคิดเกี่ยวกับการเพิ่มความน่าเชื่อถือของตัวแทนภาษี ศึกษามาตรการตัวแทนภาษีที่ใช้ในประเทศไทย เปรียบเทียบกับมาตรการตัวแทนภาษีในประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาซึ่งเป็นระบบขึ้นทะเบียนตัวแทนภาษี แบ่งเป็น 3 ประเภท (1) ตัวแทนที่ลงทะเบียน โดยผ่านการสอบหรือมีประสบการณ์การทำงานกับกรมสรรพากรตามกำหนด (2) ผู้ตรวจสอบบัญชีรับอนุญาต และ (3) ทนายความ มีสิทธิในการเป็นตัวแทนต่อหน้ากรมสรรพากรได้อย่างไม่จำกัด (Unlimited representation rights) ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านภาษีที่มีคุณสมบัติเหล่านี้สามารถเป็นตัวแทนลูกค้าในเรื่องใดก็ได้ ตั้งแต่การยื่นแบบ การให้คำปรึกษา รวมทั้งการตรวจสอบ ปัญหาการชำระเงิน/การจัดเก็บ การอุทธรณ์ และการเป็นตัวแทนในศาล ผลการศึกษาพบว่าในประเทศไทยแม้ว่ากรมสรรพากรจะมีการกำหนดบทบาทของสำนักงานบัญชีตัวแทนที่ได้รับอนุญาตให้ยื่นแบบแสดงรายการภาษีและชำระภาษีในนามของผู้เสียภาษี แต่บทบาทดังกล่าวยังคงจำกัดอยู่ในรูปแบบองค์กร โดยไม่มีการรับรองตัวแทนภาษีที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะด้านในระดับบุคคลที่ครอบคลุมและเป็นมาตรฐาน การเพิ่มระบบการขึ้นทะเบียนตัวแทนภาษีสามารถเพิ่มความน่าเชื่อถือให้แก่ตัวแทนภาษี ช่วยลดข้อผิดพลาดในการยื่นแบบภาษี อำนวยความสะดวกให้แก่ผู้เสียภาษีเพื่อเป็นทางเลือกในการยื่นแบบผ่านตัวแทนภาษีขึ้นทะเบียน และสร้างความมั่นใจในกระบวนการจัดเก็บภาษีได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพบทสรุปจากการวิเคราะห์มาตรการส่งเสริมการมีตัวแทนภาษีขึ้นทะเบียนในประเทศไทย ผู้เขียนเห็นว่า รัฐควรสนับสนุนออกประกาศคำสั่งกรมสรรพากรโดยอาศัยอำนาจตามความในประมวลรัษฎากร โดยเหตุที่การจัดเก็บภาษีอากรตามประมวลรัษฎากรอยู่ในอำนาจหน้าที่และการควบคุมของกรมสรรพากร ทั้งนี้ ตามมาตรา 5 แห่งประมวลรัษฎากร เพื่อให้การควบคุมและกำกับดูแลการจัดเก็บภาษีอากรตามประมวลรัษฎากรเป็นไปอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ให้ตัวแทนภาษีขึ้นทะเบียนซึ่งมีคุณสมบัติตามหลักเกณฑ์ที่กรมสรรพากรกำหนดสามารถยื่นแบบแสดงรายการภาษีและชำระ หรือดำเนินการอื่นใดตามที่อธิบดีกรมสรรพากรกำหนดในนามของผู้มีหน้าที่เสียภาษีได้

Relying On Unreliable Tech: Unchecked Police Use Of Algorithmic Technologies, Fraerman, Ali

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

In the past two decades, police forces have come to rely on algorithm-based technologies for investigative leads. Several of these technologies are unreliable. They are prone to error, misidentifying suspects, and crimes. When relied upon, they lead to false arrests and unnecessary stop-and-frisks. Yet, there is no coercive mechanism, either regulatory or judicial, that meaningfully governs the use of these algorithmic technologies in law enforcement. As a result, law enforcement agencies are free to disregard potential errors and deploy emerging technologies against communities with little recourse.

This Article looks closely at three technologies—ShotSpotter gunshot detection, facial recognition technology, and rapid …

Exploring Mental Health Stigma Among Law Enforcement Officers, Nicholas David Chestnut

Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation investigates the prevalence and impact of mental health stigma among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Despite growing awareness of the importance of mental health in the law enforcement community, stigma surrounding mental illness remains a significant barrier to help-seeking behaviors among officers. The study employed a research design that examined attitudes, perceptions, and experiences related to mental health stigma among LEOs.

Through online self-assessment surveys administered via a secure portal, participants provided insights into their attitudes toward mental illness, perceptions of stigma, and willingness to seek help for mental health concerns.

Data analysis revealed …

The Constitutionality Of Barring Undocumented Immigrants From Second Amendment Protections, Abby Vorhees

American University Law Review

Under current federal law, undocumented immigrants remain unable to access one of the most fundamental rights contained within our Constitution: the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. Several undocumented immigrants have challenged the constitutionality of the federal prohibition (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(5)(A)), resulting in a three-way circuit split on whether undocumented immigrants are protected by the Second Amendment. The Supreme Court, however, has remained silent on the issue, leaving undocumented immigrants unprotected.

The Supreme Court’s 2022 Second Amendment decision, N.Y. State Pistol & Rifle Ass’n v. Bruen, upended the traditional method of constitutional review, means-end scrutiny, in favor …

Pressure Points: A Quantitative Study Of Young Adults Perception Of Police Officers, Yasmean Talas

Theses and Dissertations

This study aimed to quantify factors contributing to young adults' perceptions of law enforcement based on their experiences and exchanges with police. Data were collected via an online survey from young adults to assess variables such as peer influence, familial influence, social media impact, police interactions, and perceptions of law enforcement (POPS).

On average, participants exhibited neutral perceptions of law enforcement. The analyses revealed significant relationships between family influence, social media impact, police interactions, and POPS scores. Specifically, family and police interactions showed significantly positive associations with POPS scores, indicating that strong family bonds and positive police interactions tend to …

Exploring The Differences In Military Attitudes Toward Rape Myths And Their Relationship To Demographic Factors, Essence Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Military sexual assault crimes, including rape, attempted sexual assault, unwanted sexual contact, and sexual harassment, have continued to increase over the last few decades. The issue has become problematic enough for the Department of Defense to allocate a significant amount of money for sexual assault resources. Specifically, the Department of Defense gives millions of dollars each year for the prevention and training of sexual assault, yet the issue continues to persist. There is a lack of understanding of the posture of service members' attitudes toward sexual assault and if certain demographics differ in their attitudes toward rape myths. While sexual …

Filling The Gap: The Case For Driver's Licenses As A Lifeline To Opportunity For Undocumented Immigrants Where The Federal Government Fails To Act On Comprehensive Immigration Reform, David Peraza

FIU Law Review

The federal government has repeatedly failed at passing comprehensive immigration reform, which would provide basic benefits to the undocumented population in the U.S, including driver’s licenses. Various states have made attempts to provide undocumented immigrants with driver’s licenses. This work address the benefits and drawbacks of these policies and ultimately posits that holdout states should enact policies to provide driver’s licenses to undocumented immigrants in the face of the federal government’s inaction.

Inadequate Demonstration: Epa’S Latest Effort To Force A Clean Energy Transition On The Power Sector Rests On Technologies That Have Not Been Adequately Demonstrated, Mario Loyola

FIU Law Review

The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) proposed regulations of power plant carbon emissions under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act, which were proposed in May of 2023, raise a number of concerns. The proposed regulations target a transition in the U.S. power sector towards clean energy, relying heavily on Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) and green hydrogen technologies to achieve nearly net zero carbon emissions from existing fossil fuel power plants. These technologies, however, do not seem to satisfy the Section 111 requirement that the Best System of Emissions Reduction (BSER) be adequately demonstrated at the scale and for the …

A Philosophical Look Into The Morality And Legality Of Abortion, Alexis J. Agnew

Honors College Theses

In his Nicomachean Ethics, Greek philosopher Aristotle posits an understanding of ethics and how human life is characterized by the “good.” Aristotle argues that (I) ethics involve humans possessing a rational capacity and specific function; (II) ethics are habitual, and the “doctrine of the mean” is used to gauge proper action; and (III) justice is linked to virtue. A moral issue that can be analyzed through Aristotle’s Ethics, as well as works of contemporary philosophers, is abortion. Abortion has been a controversial topic and has been brought before the Supreme Court to determine its morality and legality. Using …

Disability, Race, And Immigration: The Intersectional Impact Of Policing, Tania N. Valdez

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Law enforcement officers commonly must respond to situations in which a person is experiencing acute symptoms of a mental illness. Yet from the first moment of police involvement, these community members face the possibility of negative outcomes. Consequences include officers' use of excessive force leading to injury or death, criminal arrest and prosecution that results in deprivation of liberty, separation from the community, and the creation of a permanent criminal record that affects other rights.

Although potential violence and criminalization are important reasons to avoid relying on police during mental health events, another key consideration is often ignored in the …

Building Resilience: The Role Of Public Private Partnerships In Disaster Management For Vulnerable Communities, Latisha Nixon-Jones

Scholarly Works

This essay provides a compelling historical analysis of the legislative developments that have shaped the current framework of disaster management in the United States. By tracing the evolution of these laws, it highlights a crucial shift in disaster responsibility—from centralized government agencies to a shared burden with the communities they aim to protect. In response to this shift, I propose that disaster management agencies adopt a socio-legal framework designed to guide the formation of public- private partnerships (PPPs). Such a framework would offer a structured approach to balancing transparency with the profitability goals that often characterize private involvement in public …

Nextgen Licensure & Accreditation, Nachman Gutowski

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Disability, Race, And Health Beyond The Carceral State, Benjamin Barsky, Craig Konnoth, Michael A. Stein

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Sociology Of Bail Reform: Crime, Social Interaction, And Offender Experiences In Rurality., Scott Kevin Turner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study sought to explore the impact of the New York State “Bail Reform Act of 2019,” in rurality. It examined some of the legislative goals of the law, the claim that it caused crime, and offender experiences in rurality. Secondary data was used to map the rural crime landscape and primary data was collected from offenders during face to face interviews. The study was framed using deterrence and opportunity approaches and situated within the broader field environments; legislative, courtroom, and community. The research failed to find support for the claim that bail reform caused crime. Instead, it revealed that …

Privacy Law: Police Secrecy Exceptionalism, Christina Koningisor

The Judges' Book

No abstract provided.

I Hope The Final Judgment’S Fair: Alternative Jurisprudences, Legal Decision-Making, And Justice, Michael L. Perlin

Articles & Chapters

At the core of any legal decision is an assumption that the decision will be “fair,” yet this is an elusive term. A close study of cases involving criminal defendants with mental disabilities shows that many (perhaps most) of the decisions involving this cohort are not “fair” in the contexts of due process and justice. If legal decisions reflect principles such as procedural justice, restorative justice, and therapeutic jurisprudence, the chances of such fairness will be significantly enhanced. This chapter explains why this goal of fairness, in the context of these cases, can never be met absent a consideration of …

Racial Reckoning And The Police-Free Schools Movement, Thalia Gonzalez, Rebecca Epstein

Faculty Scholarship

Across the country, students of color face daily threats of arrest, exclusion, and violence at the hands of school police officers. Whether deemed threatening, defiant, or hypersexualized, Black students, in particular, pay a heavy price to access their right to free public education. Despite victories in dismantling educational carcerality since the mid-2000s, efforts to formally remove police from public schools has been limited. However, during the 2020 racial reckonings, political opportunity catalyzed social movement campaigns, resulting in the passage of sixty-nine police-free policies. This represented an inflection point for civil rights, education justice, and police abolition scholars and activists. This …

Consumer Willingness-To-Pay For A Resilient Electrical Grid, Warigia M. Bowman, Dayton M. Lambert, Joseph T. Ripberger, Hank Jenkins-Smith, Carol L. Silva, Michael A. Long, Kuhika Gupta, Andrew Fox

Articles, Chapters in Books and Other Contributions to Scholarly Works

The research objective is to estimate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for electricity grid fortification. Data are from a representative survey of Oklahoma citizens. Extreme weather events, aging utility infrastructure, increased demand for affordable energy, and terrorism threaten the safety and security of the way most citizens access electricity. This study is a first look at public willingness to support energy grid security measures in the United States Southern Great Plains. Findings suggest that consumers would pay an additional $14.69 in monthly utility bills for a fortified grid. This WTP estimate is close to a recent energy bill hike of …

Pandemics Of Limitation Of Rights, Rinat Kitai-Sangero

Touro Law Review

This Article discusses the limitation of rights due to pandemics. It analyzes from a constitutional standpoint the holding of the German Federal Constitutional Court (Das BUNDESVERFASSUNGSGERICHT) from April 2022 as a symptom of moral panic disguised through an analytical process. Though it focuses on this case, it sheds light on the moral panic that characterized many countries’ approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 27, 2022, the German Federal Constitutional Court held that a provision to provide proof of vaccination against COVID-19, recovery from COVID-19, or a medical exemption to COVID-19 vaccination as a condition of employment in the health …

Reproducing Inequality: Racial Capitalism And The Cost Of Public Education, Thalia Gonzalez, Paige Joki

Faculty Scholarship

American democracy is marked by an unwavering deployment of racialized economic modalities of fines, fees, and debt aimed at scaffolding hierarchies of white power and prescribing Black people as commodities, not human beings. Over the last two decades, an expanding praxis in the economic justice field has emerged, opposing and disrupting racialized economic logics within a national anti-fine, fee and cost movement. From scholarly discourse to legal interventions and reforms at city- and county-levels, the movement has sought to target interlocking material and ideological forces that comprise racial capitalist geographies across many criminal and civil systems. Despite this significant work, …

Lawmakers And Economic Othering, Edward W. De Barbieri

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Curing Terry’S Colorblindness, Ilan Friedmann-Grunstein

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Taking Aim At Shotspotter: Gunshot Surveillance, The Fourth Amendment, And An Argument For Sonic Security, Emily A. Fogg

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Chronic Conditions And Reproduction In A Post-Dobbs World, Allison M. Whelan

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.