Digital Commons Network^™

มาตรการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชา, ธันชนก บุญรอดจุ้ย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

หลังจากได้มีการถอดถอนกัญชาออกจากรายชื่อสารเสพติดให้โทษในประเภท 5 ทำให้พืชกัญชาไม่จัดเป็นยาเสพติดตามประมวลกฎหมายยาเสพติด การปลดล็อกกัญชาออกจากบัญชียาเสพติดเป็นเหตุให้มีความอิสระในการใช้หรือบริโภคกัญชามากยิ่งขึ้น ธุรกิจต่าง ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกัญชามีการเติบโตสูงขึ้นด้วยในประเทศไทย แต่ข้อกำหนดของกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับแนวทางการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชายังไม่ได้มีการกำหนดอย่างชัดเจน ซึ่งส่งผลต่อการดำรงชีวิตในฐานะผู้บริโภคและยังส่งผลกระทบต่อการเลือกหรือการตัดสินใจในการบริโภคผลิตภัณฑ์อื่น ๆ เช่นกัน จากการศึกษาเอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้ มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อที่จะศึกษาแนวทางการควบคุมที่มีความเป็นไปได้และมีความเหมาะสมเพื่อเป็นการคุ้มครองผู้บริโภค จากการศึกษาจากทั้งข้อกฎหมายและวัตถุประสงค์ของกฎหมายในประเทศเกี่ยวกับผลิตภัณฑ์ส่วนที่มีความคล้ายคลึงกับกัญชาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์ ได้แก่ พระราชบัญญัติควบคุมเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ พ.ศ. 2551 และพระราชบัญญัติควบคุมผลิตภัณฑ์ยาสูบ พ.ศ. 2560 พบว่ามีข้อกำหนดในกฎหมายเฉพาะที่ชัดเจนและช่วยคุ้มครองผู้บริโภคได้อย่างเหมาะสม นอกจากนี้จากการศึกษากฎหมายต่างประเทศ ได้แก่ประเทศแคนาดาและสหรัฐอเมริกา พบว่ามีการกำหนดโดยบัญญัติเป็นกฎหมายกัญชา เกี่ยวกับการกำหนดลักษณะของบรรจุภัณฑ์ รวมทั้งข้อกำหนดที่ต้องปฏิบัติตามเกี่ยวกับรูปแบบและรายละเอียดของฉลากผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชาเพื่อควบคุมให้เป็นไปตามความเหมาะสมและคุ้มครองผู้บริโภค ดั้งนั้นผู้เขียนได้วิเคราะห์ถึงผลกระทบที่เกิดขึ้นและได้เสนอให้มีแนวทางในการควบคุมกัญชาโดยการออกเป็นกฎหมายเฉพาะเพื่อควบคุมลักษณะบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชา หรือมีแนวทางในการควบคุมเพื่อให้มีความเหมาะสมมากยิ่งขึ้น ซึ่งการกำหนดในลักษณะนี้จะเกิดผลดีต่อผู้บริโภคและ เป็นการคุ้มครองสิทธิของผู้บริโภคมากขึ้น

Parens Patriae After The Pandemic, Meredith Johnson Harbach

Law Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted extraordinary state action to protect American children. Acting in its longstanding role as parens patriae, the state stepped in to protect children and their families from the ravages of the pandemic as well as from the dramatic upheaval it precipitated. This Article will evaluate the state’s pandemic response vis-à-vis children and their families, mining the experience for lessons learned and possible ways forward. Specifically, this project will argue that the state’s pandemic response represented a departure from the state’s conventional approach to parens patriae. Conventional practice prior to the pandemic was characterized by a state model …

Nudge Efficiency, Avishalom Tor

Book Chapters

Only a small portion of the substantial literature on behavioral interventions ("nudges") that developed over the last fifteen to twenty years has considered nudges from an economic perspective. Moreover, despite the importance of the topic for a law and economics assessment of this increasingly common form of regulation, even fewer contributions have examined whether and when behavioral instruments are likely to make an efficient means for increasing social welfare. This chapter therefore offers some basic observations about nudge efficiency: Part I opens with a reminder that behavioral instruments should be implemented only when they are the most efficient means available …

Family Needs, Family Leave In 2023, Katharine B. Silbaugh

Faculty Scholarship

Instituting support for women and children is a difficult task to imagine in a world that is removing reproductive freedom and healthcare. In this hypothetical, do we treat the removal of abortion care as a force majeure, natural disaster, or an earthquake? If so, after the earthquake, the community bands together and works tirelessly to compensate for what has happened. But the removal of abortion care was not a natural disaster-it was planned, and it is embedded in background conditions that are pushing further away from support for women and children.

The primary task of this Article is to respond …

On Fires, Floods, And Federalism, Andrew Hammond

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In the United States, law condemns poor people to their fates in states. Where Americans live continues to dictate whether they can access cash, food, and medical assistance. What’s more, immigrants, territorial residents, and tribal members encounter deteriorated corners of the American welfare state. Nonetheless, despite repeated retrenchment efforts, this patchwork of programs has proven remarkably resilient. Yet, the ability of the United States to meet its people’s most basic needs now faces an unprecedented challenge: climate change. As extreme weather events like wildfires and hurricanes become more frequent and more intense, these climate-fueled disasters will displace and impoverish more …

Can Contract Emancipate? Contract Theory And The Law Of Work, Hanoch Dagan, Michael A. Heller

Faculty Scholarship

Contract and employment law have grown apart. Long ago, each side gave up on the other. In this Article, we re-unite them to the betterment of both. In brief, we demonstrate the emancipatory potential of contract for the law of work.

Today, the dominant contract theories assume a widget transaction between substantively equal parties. If this were an accurate description of what contract is, then contract law would be right to expel workers. Worker protections would indeed be better regulated by – and relegated to – employment and labor law. But contract law is not what contract theorists claim. Neither …

Energy Insecurity Mitigation: The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program And Other Low-Income Relief Programs In The Us, Andrea Nishi, Diana Hernández, Michael B. Gerrard

Faculty Scholarship

Energy insecurity, defined as the “inability to meet basic household energy needs,” can be both a chronic and an acute problem. Chronic energy insecurity manifests as an inability to access or afford adequate supplies of energy, while acute energy insecurity arises when infrastructural, maintenance, environmental, or other external sources disrupt or impede access to energy. A substantial number of individuals and families across the United States experience energy insecurity, which can lead to a variety of adverse consequences including residential instability and poor health outcomes.

Rights-Based Sanctions Procedures, Desiree Leclercq

Scholarly Works

Federal agencies are increasingly interpreting international labor rights and imposing a wide array of economic and financial penalties, or “rights-based sanctions,” under various laws and regulations. Congress recently vested the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) with authority to impose targeted rights-based sanctions on foreign factories. USTR has begun administering its new authority with vigor. Policymakers and rights advocates hope that USTR’s enforcement activities will strengthen the protection of workers abroad.

Hidden from view, and thus largely overlooked, are the exclusory procedures that agencies follow when they administer rights-based sanctions. The Treasury Department’s Office of Financial Asset Control …

Policy Challenges And Responses To Environmental Non-Migration, Mostafa Mahmud Naser, Bishawjit Mallick, Rup Priodarshini, Saleemul Huq, Ajay Bailey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the people who either move or are willing to move because of environmental reasons. Still, the voluntary environmental non-migrants (ENM), who are assumed to have strong resilience and coping capacity, are inordinately overlooked. The importance of addressing these ENMs has increasingly been emphasised. First, the paper explains the characteristics of ENM, outlining the key distinction between voluntary and forced non-migrants. Second, it emphasises the need to protect populations affected by environmental change and disaster, specifically highlighting oft-neglected ENM policy gaps. Thus, it examines to what extent ENM is addressed …

Central Americans At A Crossroads: Asylum Seekers’ Testimonios Of Mental Health After Detention And Family Separation, Corie E. Schwabenland Garcia

Master's Theses

Though Central American asylum seekers are presently hypervisible in the U.S. consciousness, this population continues to be inadequately understood or cared for. Discussion of this population often presents them as a helpless and damaged population, in need of saving, fixing, or shelter -- beyond their trauma, they cease to exist. This qualitative study utilizes first-person testimonio methodology to understand the psychological experiences of Central American migrants seeking asylum in the United States, the stressors they face, and the mental health support that can and should be provided to them. Their stories speak to a space of sociopolitical precarity in the …

Analisis Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Globalisasi Pasar Dunia, Handayani Primandiri

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Globalization of the world market has created vast business opportunities and increased consumer access to international products and services, but it has also brought new complexities to consumer protection. This research analyses the relationship between consumer protection and world market globalization by examining its positive and negative impacts. On the one hand, globalization expands product choice and increases competition, which can benefit consumers. However, on the other hand, it also poses risks such as an increase in illegal trade, counterfeit products, and inequality in access to consumer information. The study also identifies the role of international and national institutions in …

Overqualified And Underrepresented: Gender Inequality In Pharmaceutical Patent Law, S. Sean Tu, Paul R. Gugliuzza, Amy Semet

Journal Articles

Pharmaceutical patents represent some of the most valuable intellectual property assets in the world: they can be worth billions of dollars if courts uphold their validity and find them infringed. But, if invalidated, generic drug manufacturers can get to market earlier, generating billions of dollars of revenue for themselves and creating enormous savings for consumers. Accordingly, drug patents are the product of careful, high-cost prosecution and are associated with high-stakes, bet-the-company litigation. But women lawyers are noticeably absent from pharmaceutical patent practice. This article reports an original empirical study finding that women comprise only one-third of the top pharmaceutical patent …

Declaring Dankruptcy: Exploring Avenues To Relief For Debtors Involved With Cannabis, Danny O'Connor

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Affordable Care Act: Moral Hazard, Adverse Selection, Challenges, Alternative Proposals, And Amendments In Health Insurance Law, Paige Ross

Nebraska Law Bulletin (Selected Issues)

A major issue to address with health insurance in any context, including the ACA, is that of moral hazard. Moral hazard refers to the tendency of any insured party to exercise less care to avoid an insured loss than would be exercised if the loss were not insured. It can result from the policyholders having better information about their actual care levels after coverage is purchased. Additionally, moral hazard requires that the insurer cannot perfectly monitor the policyholder’s level of care after the purchase of insurance. Moral hazard is more likely to occur if a behavior does not involve a …

How Not To Be A Federal Criminal: A Review Of Mike Chase’S How To Become A Federal Criminal And The Case For Inclusion Of His Illustrated Handbook In American Law Schools, Zachary Stendig

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

No abstract provided.

Salus Populi: Educating Judges On The Social Determinants Of Health, Faith Khalik, Alisa Lincoln

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

The Cow Has Left The Barn: Updating Standards Of Identity To Reflect Consumer Understanding Of Plant-Based Foods, Nicholas G. Miller

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Have you ever seen “tofurkey” at the supermarket and thought it was a rare, delicious cousin of the turkey? The animal based food industries, led by milk and meat producers, are claiming that the reasonable consumer might. On the other hand, the plant based food substitutes are appearing on supermarket shelves with increasingly bold names for their products that tap into our familiarity with animal-based foods, using names like “Beyond Meat.” Where do we draw the line on what plant based food can be called? And who should draw that line? This paper examines the debate surrounding the labeling of …

Federal Food Safety Framework: Where Does Seaweed Fit In?, Catherine M. Janasie

Journal of Food Law & Policy

When one mentions seaweed as food, what do you think of? The dried nori used to wrap your sushi roll or perhaps the seaweed salad on the side? In fact, seaweed has many uses, including as both a food source in its own right and as a food additive. While the seaweed market has been dominated by East Asian countries, seaweed is cultivated in about 50 countries, and the U.S. seaweed industry is steadily growing. The global seaweed industry is currently worth about $6 billion annually. Food products for human consumption account for about 85% of this value.

Following The Framework: Intentional Genomic Alterations In Animals, Sarah Copper

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Intentional genomic alterations in animals or genetically engineered animals have existed in their modern form since the 1980s. However, the introduction of these animals into our food supply has been a more recent development. The federal government has taken steps in an attempt to regulate these products in a streamlined and efficient manner but has faced criticism in their approach. While the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is currently responsible for the regulation of intentional genomic alterations (“IGAs”) in animals, there is significant effort behind transferring that oversight to the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). However, in the meantime, …

Essential Property, Timothy M. Mulvaney, Joseph William Singer

Minnesota Law Review Vols. 106:2 onward (2021-present)

For a sizable swath of the U.S. population, incomes and wealth are insufficient to cover life’s most basic necessities even in the most ordinary of times. A disturbingly resilient explanation for this state of affairs rests on the view that resource inequities are avoidable through self-reliance, a stance that invites observers to see people in poverty as morally suspect. This Article advances a counterview in contending that the widespread lack of essential resources did not simply arise naturally via individuals’ life choices but instead has been, in very meaningful part, created and perpetuated by our system of property laws. The …

You Can’T Simply Say “No!” Almighty Ceo: Georgia’S View On The Apex Doctrine And Discovery Abuse, W. Warren Hedgepeth

Mercer Law Review

Discovery is the process that allows litigants to gather information from the opposing party in a civil lawsuit. Discovery practices differ among states, and each state’s discovery laws generally determine (1) the scope and limits of what information can be gathered, (2) how it is gathered, and (3) when it is gathered. Depositions are included in discovery methods and allow parties to ask the deponent questions relating to the case. Depositions are not only expensive but can be disruptive, especially to high-level corporate executives whose time and dedication to their companies should be their primary focus. In some jurisdictions, corporate …

Essential Property, Timothy M. Mulvaney, Joseph William Singer

Faculty Scholarship

For a sizable swath of the U.S. population, incomes and wealth are insufficient to cover life’s most basic necessities even in the most ordinary of times. A disturbingly resilient explanation for this state of affairs rests on the view that resource inequities are avoidable through self-reliance, a stance that invites observers to see people in poverty as morally suspect. This Article advances a counterview in contending that the widespread lack of essential resources did not simply arise naturally via individuals’ life choices but instead has been, in very meaningful part, created and perpetuated by our system of property laws.

The …

Covid Aftermath: The Impact Of The Pandemic On Florida's Public School Students, Hannah Blount, Michael Figg, Autumn Finke, Christina Gilbert, Mackenzie O'Connell, Nyasia Minaya, Kylee Neeranjan, Alyssa Rodriguez

Gator Team Child Juvenile Law Clinic

The goal of this White Paper is to provide an overview of the current and future impacts the COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID”) has left on Florida’s public school education system. Additionally, this White Paper review shows how public education institutions are still working to address the loss of instructional time and long-term consequences due to pandemic-related school disruptions.

The Digital Isolation Of Indigenous Communities, Myranda Buiquy

American Indian Law Journal

The crude mistreatment of the tribes across America has continued to undermine Indigenous wealth and empowerment, leaving many Native people without proper housing, education, running water, healthcare, and telecommunications services. Tribes are forced to advocate for themselves to the federal government, instead of receiving support and compensation for generations of colossal exploitation.The federal government continues to breach their responsibility in protecting tribal treaty rights and must assume responsibility in closing an economic divide that has only worsened due to the pandemic.

Indigenous communities continue to endure disadvantaged living conditions, leaving their people without adequate resources. In addition, this vulnerable demographic …

Overqualified And Underrepresented: Gender Inequality In Pharmaceutical Patent Law, S. Sean Tu, Paul R. Gugliuzza, Amy Semet

BYU Law Review

Pharmaceutical patents represent some of the most valuable intellectual property assets in the world: they can be worth billions of dollars if courts uphold their validity and find them infringed. But, if invalidated, generic drug manufacturers can get to market earlier, generating billions of dollars of revenue for themselves and creating enormous savings for consumers. Accordingly, drug patents are the product of careful, high-cost prosecution and are associated with high-stakes, bet-the-company litigation.

But women lawyers are noticeably absent from pharmaceutical patent practice. This article reports an original empirical study finding that women comprise only one-third of the top pharmaceutical patent …

Long-Term Care In The United States: History, Financing, And Directions For Reform, George A. (Sandy) Mackenzie

Upjohn Press

This book is a concise survey of the development of U.S. long-term care and its financing, with comparisons with other rich countries. It also includes a brief comparative account of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and several other countries. The study finds much that is amiss with American long-term care and proposes three sets of progressively more ambitious reforms.

Wto Security Exceptions: A Sliding Scale Approach To Protect The Rules-Based System For Global Free Trade, Ts Somashekar, Kanchan Yadav

Articles

Since the enforcement of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 and subsequently with the establishment of the World Trade Organization, the global community has been moving towards a more secure and rule-based international trade law regime. The cornerstones of the system are predictability and transparency, which ensure that a state, no matter how powerful, cannot undertake a discriminatory trade measure against another going above and beyond the rules. However, the recent instances of unilateral invocation of the security exceptions found in the various trade agreements endanger the very basis of the WTO system. The very first …

Against A Deconstitutionalisation Of International Law In Times Of Populism, Pandemic, And War, Anne Peters

Articles

On 24th February 2022, the international landscape changed. The German chancellor called it a ‘Zeitenwende’, an epochal change. Russia invaded its neighbour Ukraine, a state that has struggled with corruption and oligarchy but which might nevertheless be qualified as having a democratic and liberal system of government. Russia thereby violated one of the basic principles of international law, the prohibition on the use of force, and in the course of this unlawful war is committing countless grave violations of human rights and humanitarian law, and commits atrocities amounting maybe even to genocide.

Is There A Constitutional Common Good?, R. George Wright

Journal of Catholic Legal Studies

(Excerpt)

Identifying and pursuing some widely shared idea of the common good seems central to a sustainable constitutional order. This may seem especially true in an era of deep political division. The problem, though, is that such political division may indeed heighten the need for recognizing and promoting a shared constitutional common good, while, at the same time, preventing such an identification and pursuit of any such common good. What is needed is a way to disrupt this vicious circle. This Article is an illustration of the operation of this vicious circle and, more optimistically, a proffering of the means …

( Gis ) التحليل المكاني للمناحل في محافظة النجف باستعمال برنامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية, أ.م. د. ظلال جواد كاظم, أم. م. منال شنين علي, م. رفل حسين نجم

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

يعد التحليل المكاني للمناحل في محافظة النجف مؤشر مهم لمعرفة التوزيع الجغرافي لها وانماطها واتجاهاتها المكانية . فنحل العسل من الكائنات التي لا يمكن فصلها عن البيئة المحيطة بها لأنه يعتمد بالدرجة الاساس على ما تجود به لمتطلبات حياتها فهي تُحدد طبيعة الغطاء النباتي بأشكاله المختلفة من مراعي وإنتاج زراعي وما يتبع ذلك من عوامل طبيعية وبشرية تؤثر في إمكانات إنشاء المناحل وتوزيعها وكثافتها تبعا للظروف المناسبة لها لتوفير حاجته الغذائية التي تضمن للنحل البقاء وللنحال الإنتاج بمواسم مختلفة. محافظة النجف من المحافظات العراقية التي عرفت بتربية النحل وهي محافظة تتنوع فيها مظاهر سطح الأرض باختلاف تلك المظاهر وما تحويه …