Digital Commons Network^™

Ai Slop, Jessica Silbey, Woodrow Hartzog

Faculty Scholarship

The term “AI slop” has become popular to describe the output of generative AI systems seen as voluminous, low quality, or the result of little effort. When AI-generated music and videos flood platforms, they are called slop. Peer-reviewed journals and legal tribunals are drowning in low-quality and low-reliability AI slop submissions.  Employees are seen to be producing mountains of slop in their reports and communications with each other. The term has inertia and heft, and the phenomenon has significant consequences. Most of them are not good.

But the boundaries of “AI slop” and its usefulness in policy discussions are not …

The Expansive Power Of The House Of Representatives As A Precondition For Constitutional Rot, Isnawati Isnawati, Adam Setiawan

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

This study examines how the expansive powers of the Indonesian House of Representatives have contributed to constitutional rot because those powers no longer operate effectively or proportionately. It identifies dysfunction in the House of Representatives through weak legislative performance, inadequate oversight of the executive branch, and transactional political practices in appointment processes. Using a doctrinal legal method and contemporary constitutional theory as its analytical framework, this study argues that the expansive powers of the House of Representatives constitute a precondition for constitutional rot, evidenced by the poor exercise of legislative authority and institutional intervention through amendments to the Rules of …

Bank Indonesia's Floating Rate Notes (Bi-Frn) And Federal Reserve Instruments: A Comparative Analysis From An Institutional-Legal Perspective, Abdul Madjid Podungge

Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

This paper analyses the legal validity of Bank Indonesia's Floating Rate Notes (BI-FRN) following the Law Number 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK Law) from a public law viewpoint. Doctrinal legal research utilises statutory, conceptual, and comparative methodologies, augmented by literature network visualisation, to pinpoint structural deficiencies. The network analysis reveals a significant divide between technical financial transactions and administrative legal oversight. The findings indicate that Article 11 of the P2SK Law enforces a stringent priority clause that centres monetary policy solely on Rupiah stability. This legal barrier prohibits abuse of power by …

Two Paths Of Criminal Law Reform: From Shared Colonial Legacies To Divergent Legal Trajectories In Indonesia And Malaysia, Ade Adhari, Charisse Evania Tansir

Indonesia Law Review

Despite sharing colonial legacies in the development of their criminal law systems, Indonesia and Malaysia have pursued markedly different paths of criminal law reform, reflecting their distinct legal traditions and legislative philosophies. This article examines how these divergent reform trajectories are manifested through a comparative analysis of Indonesia's Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code and Malaysia's Penal Code (Act 574). Focusing on three analytical dimensions—the principle of legality, criminal responsibility, and sentencing policy—the study adopts a normative legal research method supported by statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Legal materials were collected through library-based research and analysed qualitatively …

The Eu’S Copyright Legislation For Generative Ai: Relevant To Indonesia?, Yolanda Simbolon

Indonesia Law Review

Tremendously copyrighted works are used to train Generative AI (Gen-AI) at the epicenter of current sectors. In many countries, there is a dilemma as to whether the amount of data used may infringe copyright. The EU is the one that has regulations on the use of copyrighted works as text and data mining (TDM) to train GenAI.  Meanwhile, Indonesia does not yet have a regulation, even though Gen-AI has been massively developed in Indonesia. Data has been used freely to train Gen-AI, even to modify works and damage the author’s reputation. This article investigates whether the EU’s copyright of Gen-AI …

From Contested Rights To Perceived Threats: The Securitization Of Lgbt And Its Human Rights Implications In Indonesia, Melkias Hetharia, Basir Rohrohmana

Indonesia Law Review

Debates on LGBT rights in Indonesia have largely centred on the legal recognition of same-sex relationships and their compatibility with religion, Pancasila, and the constitutional framework. Recent developments, however, require the discussion to move beyond the question of recognition. This article examines the evolving legal and policy treatment of LGBT persons in Indonesia, particularly following Presidential Regulation No. 111 of 2025, which identifies the “spread of LGBTQ culture” as a non-military threat. Using normative legal research and securitization theory, the article analyses Indonesian constitutional principles, marriage and human rights law, relevant Constitutional Court jurisprudence, defence policy, and documented experiences of …

Law Enforcement In Providing Protection For Revenge Porn Victims On Social Media, Augustha Kwanzaa Rich Samuel Simbolon, Muhammad Rivan Subarna

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

Revenge porn, which is the distribution of pornographic material without the victim's consent, is a serious and growing problem online. This practice is usually carried out by ex-partners in revenge, by distributing intimate images or videos of the victim to the internet. This research aims to identify the impact of revenge porn on victims, as well as assess the effectiveness of existing legal protection. The method used is a qualitative approach through literature study. The data collected includes revenge porn cases that occurred in Indonesia, as well as a review of regulations governing the protection of privacy and victims' rights. …

Court Reform And State Constitutions, Bryna Godar, Miriam Seifter

Northwestern University Law Review

State legislatures regularly propose and enact laws that seek to shape the substantive outcomes of state courts. These maneuvers, including court-packing, jurisdiction-stripping, and more creative changes to judicial selection or authority, would amount to legal earthquakes at the federal level. At the state level, these efforts often receive virtually no attention.

This Essay brings the potent category of outcome-shaping state court reform measures into focus and evaluates it as a question of state constitutional law. We argue that state constitutions, organized around principles of popular sovereignty, do not bar measures that align state courts with popular preferences or the public’s …

State Constitutional Rights And Judicial Power, Zachary D. Clopton

Northwestern University Law Review

On the one hand, we are in a moment when interest in state courts and state constitutional law is growing. Especially, though not exclusively, among those who question the Supreme Court of the United States, there are increasing calls for state supreme courts to rely on state constitutions to expand rights. On the other hand, we are in a moment when interest in reducing the power of the courts is growing. Especially, though not exclusively, among those who question the Supreme Court of the United States, there are increasingly calls for reining in judicial power.

This Essay is not an …

State Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure Laws And The Dormant Commerce Clause: Leveraging The State Interest In Protecting Residents From Deception To Pass The Pike Balancing Test, Matthew Macphail

Northwestern University Law Review

Misleading corporate claims about greenhouse gas emissions pose a high risk of consumer deception, as there is currently no uniform federal standard governing how companies must measure or disclose those emissions. Without a national regulatory scheme, firms can selectively report, use inconsistent methodologies, or market vague “carbon neutral” claims, making it difficult for consumers to assess accuracy or compare companies’ representations.

In 2023, California introduced legislation requiring companies doing business in the state to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to bring transparency to this area. But such state-level mandates face a constitutional obstacle: the Dormant Commerce Clause, …

Non-State Actors And The Due Diligence Obligation To Protect Healthcare Facilities In Cyberspace: Is The World Prepared For The Next Pandemic?, Dr. Ardit Memeti

Pace International Law Review

This article presents a novel approach by developing a lex specialis due diligence framework based on the elements identified in the ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change, which by analogy, establishes sector-specific elements to protect healthcare facilities from cyberattacks by Non-State Actors (NSAs). Cyberattacks by NSAs during the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the risks, including the disruption of essential healthcare services and hindrance of positive obligations to ensure the rights to health, life, and privacy, among others. Existing instruments, including the Budapest Convention, the Tallinn Manuals, and the Oxford Statements, offer an important but incomplete framework. Meanwhile, the recent UN Convention …

Parameters Autumn 2026, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

The Intersection Of Sport Betting And Consumer Behavior: A Systematic Review, Jackson Sears, Beth Cianfrone

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Sport betting is a popular and lucrative entertainment segment of the sport industry. As such, understanding consumer behavior across the betting experiences is critical for the many stakeholders involved. The current study is a systematic quantitative literature review which assesses the current state of literature that intersects sport betting and consumer behavior literature, specifically cognitive, affective, conative, and consumption behavior of the sport bettors. The purpose of the systematic review is to (1) identify the most recent sport betting consumer behavior research, (2) compile and examine theoretical frameworks guiding sport gambling consumer research, (3) provide a descriptive summary of findings …

Cheap Talk, Deepfakes, Epistemic Injustice, False Light, And Free Speech, Cosim Sayid

Idaho Law Review

Defamation is a more or less effective tool in tort law to stop damage to one’s reputation, which can be grievous and even lead to a death of despair, but its scope is limited to content that’s literally false. Much reputational harm does not proceed via literally false content; it is a matter of images or what’s implied. Against this opponent an effective False Light tort is of much use when properly understood as a reputational—rather than privacy—tort. False Light can be wielded against conversational implicature as well as deepfakes. It fulfills our moral imperative to not succumb to cheap …

Child Protection Across Cultural Borders: Is Child Neglect Culture-Specific? Should It Be?, David Pimentel, Meeka C. Woods

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Fireside Chat With Aarti Sheth '14, Netflix, Cardozo Fame Center, Aarti Sheth

2026 Event Invitations

Aarti Sheth '14, Director, HR Business Partner at Netflix, will join Professor Barbara Kolsun '82, Director of the FAME Center, in a conversation about finding work in the entertainment industry.

Super Secret Or Super Illegal?: When Ndas Function As Unlawful Noncompetes, A Case Study Of The Reality Television Industry, Hannah K. Bollinger

San Diego Law Review

Reality television brings to mind staged conflicts, mindless entertainment, and fame-hungry casts.  However, beneath all this editing lies a unique and nontraditional employment structure whereby stars sacrifice everything to star on a show in the hopes of earning the coveted status of “celebrity” or “influencer.”  But the rules to play are one-sided.  Overly broad nondisclosure agreements restrict what stars can say and when, extending beyond the protectable bounds of storylines and trade secrets.  This Comment argues that these overly broad nondisclosure agreements function as de facto noncompetes that directly and indirectly limit stars’ abilities to compete within the labor market …

Getting Money Out Of Politics By Putting Money Into Politics: A Few Modest Proposals To Reform Seattle’S Democracy Voucher Program, Decker O’Donnell

Seattle University Law Review

Seattle’s Democracy Voucher Program offers an unconventional response to the growing influence of money in American elections: rather than restricting political spending, it seeks to amplify the participation of ordinary voters by providing publicly funded vouchers that residents may assign to participating candidates. This Article examines the program’s development, operation, and constitutional foundation within the modern campaign-finance framework established by Buckley v. Valeo and subsequent Supreme Court decisions. It argues that democracy vouchers provide a constitutionally viable means of broadening participation in campaign financing while mitigating the influence of wealthy donors. The Article identifies two weaknesses in the current system: …

When Childcare Becomes A Crime Space In Contemporary Indonesia, Isyana Kurniasari Konoras, Dr. Dra. Vinita Susanti, M.Si

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

Abstract. The increasing incidence of violence against children in daycare institutions reflects a structural crisis in contemporary child protection systems. This study examines the violence case at Little Aresha Daycare in Yogyakarta to identify the criminogenic factors underlying abuse in institutional childcare settings. The research applies a normative-empirical qualitative method through media-based case studies, legal analysis, and criminological interpretation. The findings demonstrate that violence emerged from the convergence of three major factors: structural strain experienced by caregivers, weak capable guardianship within daycare institutions, and the normalization of abusive disciplinary practices. Robert K. Merton’s Strain Theory explains how economic and occupational …

Criminalizing Environmental Defenders In Indonesia’S Extractive Development: A Green Criminology Perspective, Raihan Muhammad

Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia

This article examines how extractive development in Indonesia contributes to the criminalization of environmental defenders from a green criminology perspective. The study departs from the growing trend of intimidation, criminalization, violence, and legal retaliation experienced by communities resisting environmentally destructive projects in mining, coastal reclamation, plantation expansion, and National Strategic Projects (PSN). Using a qualitative socio-legal approach, this research analyzes statutory regulations, policy instruments, court decisions, academic literature, civil society reports, and documented cases related to environmental conflicts and environmental defenders in Indonesia. Data were collected through a literature review and document analysis, then analyzed using qualitative content analysis within …

Behind Prison Walls: Unmasking The Victimization Experience Of A Transgender Inmate: A Narrative Study, Kevin E. Hemminger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transgender individuals experience disproportionately high rates of victimization within the U.S. criminal justice system, at rates some studies estimate as four times greater than those of cisgender individuals (Marchi et al., 2025). Victimization may occur at the hands of correctional officers, institutional staff, or fellow inmates. This narrative study focuses on the life story of a formerly incarcerated transgender woman, tracing her experiences before incarceration, throughout her time at two different correctional facilities in two different states, and her life following release. While Community Based Research (CBR) was not adopted as a formal methodological framework, its principles — centering lived …

Promoting Developmentally Informed Justice: A Developmental Assessment Referral Framework For Juvenile Transfer Decisions, Carly F. Colman

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

The transfer of youth between juvenile courts and adult courts is one of the most consequential decisions made in the American legal system, as it will influence the youth’s legal outcomes, developmental trajectories, and long-term well-being. Advances in adolescent brain science show that there are many factors associated with youthful offending, including developmental immaturity, susceptibility to external influences, and ongoing neurobiological development—all of which are related to age, rather than being fixed criminal traits. Despite this growing body of evidence, legal decision-making in juvenile transfer and sentencing does not consistently incorporate individualized developmental data. This paper examines the important role …

Normative Dualism And Parallel Institution-Building: The Case Of International Commercial Dispute Prevention And Settlement Organization (Icdpaso), Kun Fan, Xiaolei Han

International Law Journal

As China rises as a global power, it confronts an international legal order historically shaped by Western actors. In response, China has adopted a dual strategy: engaging with existing institutions while building “parallel institutions” to advance its influence. This paper examines the International Commercial Dispute Prevention and Settlement Organization (ICDPASO) as a case study of this strategy and analyzes how China seeks to reshape international dispute resolution. Drawing on original empirical data—including 85 interviews with arbitrators, users, officials, and legal experts—this paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of ICDPASO’s strategic motivations, governance model, dispute resolution mechanisms, and user perceptions. We …

Digital Forensic Skill Gaps Among Law Enforcement And Implications For Modern Criminal Investigations, Chip Thornsburg

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Digital evidence has become a routine component of modern criminal investigations; however, many law enforcement agencies face challenges in developing the personnel, training, and resources needed to manage increasingly complex digital evidence. The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was to examine digital forensic skill gaps among Texas local law enforcement agencies and their implications for modern criminal investigations. Guided by Human Capital Theory and Routine Activities Theory, Phase I employed a statewide survey of agencies to assess digital forensic resources, training, competency, and digital evidence usage. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis tests, chi-square tests of …

Book Review: After Apprendi And Erlinger, The Jury - Not The Judge - Determines Whether Or Not The Defendant Is A Habitual Traffic Offender, Harvey Gee

ConLawNOW

This book review discusses Justice Abandoned: How the Supreme Court Ignored the Constitution and Enabled Mass Incarceration by Rachel Barkow. The review concludes that the book persuasively argues that from the 1960s through the 1980s, the Supreme Court repeatedly departed from constitutional text, history, and precedent in expanding the government’s power to arrest, prosecute, and detain. And contends that these trends both curtailed individual liberty and worsened racial inequality. The review then builds on Barkow’s important scholarship to extend her conversation to cover criminal litigation in general jurisdiction state courts—where people are compelled to go when they are cited or …

Rodrigo’S Weather Report: Is The Sky Falling?, Richard Delgado

Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality

In the latest installment of the Rodrigo series, the main character and his straight man discuss what has come to be called sanewashing, focusing on the Administration’s many contrived emergencies to accomplish objectives that would otherwise be flatly illegal.

U.S. Service Member To Counseling Student, Nicole Marie Arcuri Sanders, Kellie Forziat-Pytel

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This qualitative descriptive study examines the absence of military career pathways for licensed mental health counselors (MHCs) and the impact of this structural limitation on service members' career transitions. Findings indicate that both combat and non-combat veterans pursued mental health counseling due to personal service-related mental health experiences and dissatisfaction with available care while in service. Despite these challenges, many participants expressed a strong desire to continue serving their country as professional counselors. Over half of the participants reported separating from the military because no occupational role existed for licensed MHCs. At the same time, most indicated they would have …

Elite Mobilisation And Norm Contestation In A Pluralistic Legal System: A Case Study Of The Gambia, Oumie Njie, Abdou Barrow

Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional

This paper examines elite mobilisation and norm contestation within The Gambia's pluralistic legal framework, encompassing common, customary, and Sharia law, in the context of implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Despite ratification and domestic legislation, implementation has been significantly challenged by religious leaders and traditional authorities who mobilised resistance against key CRC provisions, including prohibitions on child marriage, child labour, and female genital mutilation (FGM), citing incompatibility with local customs and beliefs. This resistance manifested both implicitly through neglect and explicitly through direct contestation. The paper highlights the tension between civil society organisations and international human …

El Mercado De Pescado – The Dembow Fish Market Case: Browne V. Donalds, Catherine Stagliano

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal (AELJ) Blog

The billion-dollar Latin music industry is facing its most formidable opponent yet: Steely & Clevie.[1] While this name may be unfamiliar, the musical duo has raised a crucial issue against a seemingly settled principle of copyright infringement: whether a rhythm is copyrightable.[2] The rhythm in question is reportedly an integral part of the entire genre of reggaeton.[3] Nonetheless, Steely & Clevie decided to sue over 100 Defendants—including Bad Bunny, the most streamed artist in the world—for copyright infringement across almost 4,000 songs.[4] Now, one copyright infringement case has the power to dictate the future of reggaeton and severely disrupt music …

A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Black Students In Criminal Justice Programs And Its Implications On Social Justice, Demetrius C. Dacres

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This study examined the experiences of Black students who graduated with degrees in criminal justice within the last five years, as well as professors serving criminal justice programs. In this study, Black students are defined as those who identify as Black or African American, and the research focused on a criminal justice higher education institution’s educational program in the Northeast. This qualitative phenomenological study drew on Lent’s Social Cognitive Career Theory and Tinto’s Student Integration Model to investigate how Black students experienced criminal justice programs and the resources and strategies they utilized to navigate and adapt. The study addressed a …