Digital Commons Network^™

Microsoft Defender Will Be Defended: Memoryranger Prevents Blinding Windows Av, Denis Pogonin, Igor Korkin, Phd

Annual ADFSL Conference on Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Windows OS is facing a huge rise in kernel attacks. An overview of popular techniques that result in loading kernel drivers will be presented. One of the key targets of modern threats is disabling and blinding Microsoft Defender, a default Windows AV. The analysis of recent driver-based attacks will be given, the challenge is to block them. The survey of user- and kernel-level attacks on Microsoft Defender will be given. One of the recently published attackers’ techniques abuses Mandatory Integrity Control (MIC) and Security Reference Monitor (SRM) by modifying Integrity Level and Debug Privileges for the Microsoft Defender via syscalls. …

Review Of Veterans Law Decisions Of The Federal Circuit, 2021 Edition, 71 Am. U. L. Rev. 1619 (2022), Angela Drake, Yelena Duterte, Stacey Rae Simcox

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Consumer Law's Equity Gap, Vijay Raghavan

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Moving From Harm Mitigation To Affirmative Discrimination Mitigation: The Untapped Potential Of Artificial Intelligence To Fight School Segregation And Other Forms Of Racial Discrimination, Andrew Gall

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Regulating For Energy Justice, Alexandra B. Klass, Gabriel Chan

Articles

In this Article, we explore and critique the foundational norms that shape federal and state energy regulation and suggest pathways for reform that can incorporate principles of “energy justice.” These energy justice principles—developed in academic scholarship and social movements—include the equitable distribution of costs and benefits of the energy system, equitable participation and representation in energy decision making, and restorative justice for structurally marginalized groups.

While new legislation, particularly at the state level, is critical to the effort to advance energy justice, our focus here is on regulators’ ability to implement reforms now using their existing authority to advance the …

Floors And Ceilings In International Copyright Treaties: Berne/Trips/Wct Minima And Maxima, Jane C. Ginsburg

Faculty Scholarship

This paper addresses “floors” – minimum substantive international protections, and “ceilings” – maximum substantive international protections, set out in the Berne Convention and subsequent multilateral copyright accords. While much scholarship has addressed Berne minima, the “maxima” have generally received less attention. This Comment first describes the general structure of the Berne Convention, TRIPS and WCT regarding these contours, and then analyzes their application to the recent “press publishers’ right” promulgated in the 2019 EU Digital Single Market Directive. Within the universe of multilateral copyright obligations, the Berne maxima (prohibition of protection for facts and news of the day), buttressed by …

Proving Copying, Shyamkrishna Balganesh, Peter S. Menell

Faculty Scholarship

Proof that a defendant actually copied from a copyrighted work is a critical part of a claim for copyright infringement. Indeed, absent such copying, there is no infringement. The most common method of proving copying involves the use of circumstantial evidence, consisting of proof that a defendant had “access” to the protected work, and a showing of “similarities” between the copy and the protected work. In inferring copying from the combination of such evidence, courts have for many decades developed a framework known as the “inverse ratio rule,” which allows them to modulate the level of proof needed on access …

Education Is Speech: Parental Free Speech In Education, Philip A. Hamburger

Faculty Scholarship

Education is speech. This simple point is profoundly important. Yet it rarely gets attention in the First Amendment and education scholarship.

Among the implications are those for public schools. All the states require parents to educate their minor children and at the same time offer parents educational support in the form of state schooling. States thereby press parents to take government educational speech in place of their own. Under both the federal and state speech guarantees, states cannot pressure parents, either directly or through conditions, to give up their own educational speech, let alone substitute state educational speech. This abridges …

Using Zero-Knowledge To Reconcile Law Enforcement Secrecy And Fair Trial Rights In Criminal Cases, Dor Bitan, Ron Canetti, Shafi Goldwasser, Rebecca Wexler

Faculty Scholarship

The use of hidden investigative software to collect evidence of crimes presents courts with a recurring dilemma: On the one hand, there is often clear public interest in keeping the software hidden to preserve its effectiveness in fighting crimes. On the other hand, criminal defendants have rights to inspect and challenge the full evidence against them, including law enforcement's investigative methods. In fact, in the U.S. adversarial legal system, the defendant's rights to scrutinize the government's tools are crucial to the truth-seeking process and to keeping law enforcement conduct lawful and constitutional. Presently, courts balance these conflicting interests on a …

No Runs, Few Hits And Many Errors: Street Stops, Bias And Proactive Policing, Jeffrey A. Fagan

Faculty Scholarship

Equilibrium models of racial discrimination in law enforcement encounters suggest that in the absence of racial discrimination, the proportion of searches yielding evidence of illegal activity (the hit rate) will be equal across races. Searches that disproportionately target one racial group, resulting in a relatively low hit rate, are inefficient and suggest bias. An unbiased officer who is seeking to maximize her hit rate would reduce the number of unproductive stops toward a group with the lower hit rate. An unbiased policing regime would generate no differences in hit rates between groups.

We use this framework to test for racial …

Reconceptualizing Open Access To Theses And Dissertations, Orit Fischman Afori, Dalit Ken-Dror Feldman

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

The global COVID-19 crisis has turned public attention to the special need for accessing those cutting-edge studies that are needed for further scientific innovation. Theses and dissertations (TDs) are prominent examples of such studies. TDs are academic research projects conducted by graduate students to acquire a high academic degree, such as a PhD. They encompass not only knowledge about basic science but also knowledge that generates social and economic value for society. Therefore, access to TDs is imperative for promoting science and innovation.

Open access to scientific publications has been in the focus of public policy discourse for two decades, …

Testing The Limits: Asian Americans And The Debate Over Standardized Entrance Exams, Vinay Harpalani

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Putting The Fire Out: An Analytical Analysis Into The Bureau Of Land Management’S New Protest Petition Law, Lyndsey Antos

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Buffering Streams: Incentivizing Riparian Buffers In The Bluegrass, Harrison J.B. Chittenden

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Reforestation: Sustainable And Economic Management Of Kentucky’S Forests, Braydan Roark

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

What Is Consumer Protection For?, Luke Herrine

Loyola Consumer Law Review

When law and economics barreled its way into consumer protection scholarship two score years ago, it brought with it the consumer sovereignty framework: an approach to analysis in which actual markets are compared to an ideal market in which consumers optimize exogenous welfare functions by choosing between optimally competitive sellers. Even after two decades of behavioralist critique and even with increasingly critical perspectives taking root since the Global Financial Crisis, this consumer sovereignty ideal continues to serve as both a descriptive and normative baseline for consumer protection scholarship. This Article argues that it is time to reconsider the consumer sovereignty …

The Impact Of Uncertainty Regarding Patent Eligible Subject Matter For Investment In U.S. Medical Diagnostic Technologies, A. Sasha Hoyt

Washington and Lee Law Review

Historically, 35 U.S.C. § 101, the statute governing patent eligible subject matter, has been construed broadly—with its legislative history indicating that it should cover “anything under the sun that is made by man.” The Supreme Court crafted three exceptions to § 101: (1) abstract ideas, (2) laws of nature, and (3) natural phenomena. In recent years, the Supreme Court’s eligibility jurisprudence has further narrowed § 101 to effectively exclude meritorious medical diagnostic methods. Indeed, since the Court’s decision in Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., the Federal Circuit has held every single diagnostic method claim brought before it …

ข้อจํากัดของกระบวนการคัดค้านภายใต้กฎหมายสิทธิบัตรไทย, ปรีณาภา ศิริพานิช

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

กระบวนการคัดค้านตามมาตรา 31 ถึงมาตรา 32 ในพระราชบัญญัติสิทธิบัตร พ.ศ. 2522 (และฉบับแก้ไขเพิ่มเติม) และมาตรา 32/2 ตามร่างพระราชบัญญัติสิทธิบัตร (ฉบับที่ ... ) พ.ศ. .... ที่อยู่ระหว่าง การพิจารณา มีเจตนารมณ์ให้บุคคลภายนอกเข้ามามีส่วนร่วมในกระบวนการตรวจสอบสิทธิบัตร และ ในทางกลับกัน เพื่อสร้างความแน่นอนให้กับคุณภาพของกระบวนการรับจดทะเบียนสิทธิบัตร แต่ในประเทศไทย จำนวนการยื่นคำคัดค้านมีสัดส่วนค่อนข้างน้อยเมื่อเทียบกับปริมาณการยื่นคำขอรับสิทธิบัตร ทั้งบทบัญญัติที่เกี่ยวข้องยังไม่ชัดเจนทำให้การดำเนินการไม่แน่นอน บทบัญญัติเกี่ยวกับกระบวนการคัดค้านในกฎหมายสิทธิบัตรไทยจึงเป็นประเด็นที่ควรศึกษาทบทวนถึงความสอดคล้องเหมาะสมกับบริบทของประเทศไทยในปัจจุบัน เมื่อศึกษากระบวนการคัดค้านตามบทบัญญัติของกฎหมายไทยเปรียบเทียบกับกระบวนการคัดค้านรูปแบบต่าง ๆ ในต่างประเทศ โดยเลือกกฎหมายสิทธิบัตรออสเตรเลีย ญี่ปุ่น สหรัฐอเมริกา อินเดีย และสิงคโปร์ มาเป็นกรณีศึกษา ประกอบกับคำวินิจฉัยของอธิบดีกรมทรัพย์สินทางปัญญาและคณะกรรมการสิทธิบัตร รวมถึงข้อมูลทางสถิติเกี่ยวกับกระบวนการคัดค้านและข้อมูลจากการสัมภาษณ์ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านสิทธิบัตร พบว่าบทบัญญัติของกฎหมายสิทธิบัตรไทยในปัจจุบันทำให้เกิดอุปสรรคในการดำเนินการแก่คู่กรณีทั้งสองฝ่าย ทั้งร่างกฎหมายสิทธิบัตรยังอาจก่อให้เกิดประเด็นปัญหาที่ทำให้การดำเนินการไม่สอดคล้องกับเจตนารมณ์ของกระบวนการ นอกจากนี้ บทบัญญัติของกฎหมายยังขาดแนวทางที่ชัดเจนในการดำเนินการของคู่กรณีและการพิจารณาของพนักงานเจ้าหน้าที่อีกด้วย วิทยานิพนธ์นี้จึงเสนอให้ประเทศไทยแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมบทบัญญัติเกี่ยวกับกระบวนการคัดค้าน เพื่อลดทอนข้อจำกัดอันสร้างความไม่เป็นธรรมแก่คู่กรณีและเป็นอุปสรรคในการให้กระบวนการคัดค้านบรรลุเป้าหมายตามเจตนารมณ์ของกฎหมาย เพื่อส่งเสริมให้กฎหมายสิทธิบัตรสนับสนุนให้เกิดการคิดค้นพัฒนา และเปิดเผยการประดิษฐ์สู่สาธารณชน อันจะนำไปสู่การพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน

A Novel Approach To Deriving Sentencing Frameworks – Sentencing As A Science And/Or Art? Supreme Court Case Summary: Takaaki Masui V Public Prosecutor, Keith Ian Ray Toh, Shawn De Xian Ang

Singapore Law Journal (Lexicon)

In Takaaki Masui v Public Prosecutor and another appeal and other matters [2021] 4 SLR 160 (“Masui v PP”), the High Court (“HC”) introduced a new sentencing framework for purely private corruption offences under ss 6(a) and 6(b) of the Prevention of Corruption Act (Cap 241, 1993 Rev Ed) (“PCA”). Significantly, the HC utilised mathematical concepts to evaluate and determine the content of sentencing frameworks, and also employed multiple two-dimensional and three-dimensional (“2D” and “3D”) graphs to represent various sentencing frameworks. This case summary will explore the analytical method employed by the HC and discuss whether the new sentencing framework …

Reforming Singapore’S Law On Division Of Matrimonial Assets, Jia En Teo

Singapore Law Journal (Lexicon)

Section 46(1) of the Women’s Charter undergirds the sacrosanct institution that is marriage – it lays out its moral basis and expresses society’s hopes and expectations of the ideal marital relationship: marriage is an equal cooperative partnership of different efforts for mutual benefit. It is thus no surprise that even when a marriage is terminated, the division of matrimonial assets is also founded upon this prevailing ideology. However, as opposed to equal division, Singapore law dictates a “just and equitable” division of matrimonial assets, where wide discretion and power is vested in the judiciary. This legal rule has been criticised …

Judicial Errors: Fake Imaging And The Modern Law Of Evidence, 21 Uic Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 82 (2022), Guy Alon, Azmi Haider, Hagit Hel-Or

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Caught By The Act: Does The Copyright Act Of 1909 Pose Legal Disasters For Modern Music?, 21 Uic Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 292 (2022), Raine Odom

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Unintended Repercussions: Copyright Termination And The Punitive Effect Of 17 U.S.C. §203(A)(3) On The Rights Of Creators, 22 Uic Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 23 (2022), Loren Mulraine

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

“Traveling Up And Down”: Reading The Sum Of Us, Kimberly Rae Connor

Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Scholarship

Kimberly Connor analyzes and recognizes similarities between Heather McGhee’s The Sum of Us and The Narrative of the Life of Sojourner Truth. Similarities include styles of composition, reforming inspiration, and social impact aimed at recognizing diversity as a “superpower.”

Natural Law And Universal Human Rights, David F. Forte

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

Abdullahi An-Na'im has set his life's quest on attempting to find a way that Muslim society can be attuned to the moral commands of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a Western creation. At present, the Shari'a and the Declaration are in obvious tension, if not conflict, in areas such as freedom of religion and the rights of women. An-Na'im finds that the Shari 'a is a creation of man derived in history from an interpretation of Islamic sources. Muslims today can legitimately develop their own interpretation relying on the root sources of Islam, but only so long as those …

Epistemology In Heterodox Economics?, Bret N. Bogenschneider

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

The epistemology of Heterodox Economics has been described as a type of methodological pluralism where its relativism is taken as consistent with new versions of science. However, methodological pluralism has severe drawbacks as a means of inquiry. Whereas Economics is often understood in positivist terms as a closed set, Heterodox Economics includes additional concepts and methods. As an open set of ideas, Heterodox Economics is a means to doubt or to not-know and comprises Einfühlung or the creative intuition for the introduction of new ideas into the epistemology of Economics.

America’S Health Is Deteriorating As The Arts Industry Struggles To Survive The Covid-19 Pandemic, Renee Mariotti

Student Works

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Roadblocks To Municipal Bankruptcy, Tejas Dave

Emory Bankruptcy Developments Journal

This Comment argues that Congress should remove roadblocks that prevent municipalities from easily filing for bankruptcy. It shows that statutory and ad hoc roadblocks allow states and the federal government to exert excessive pressure on fiscally distressed municipalities. Further, while scholars claim that the Bankruptcy Code provides bankruptcy courts with too little power to adjudicate municipal bankruptcies and that municipal fiscal distress should be resolved by states, this Comment argues that federal bankruptcy courts are the proper venue to resolve municipal distress and that these courts have sufficient power. This power could be used more effectively by removing chapter 9’s …

The Farcical Samaritan's Dilemma, Andre Douglas Pond Cummings

Law Faculty Scholarship

“[T]he hypothesis is that modern man has become incapable of making the choices that are required to prevent his exploitation by predators of his own species[.]”

This article explores one of the foundational pillar theories of Law and Economics and specifically Public Choice Theory as espoused by Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan: the “Samaritan’s Dilemma.” Using the Biblical parable of the Good Samaritan, Buchanan imagines a “dilemma” faced by the Good Samaritan when encountering a beaten and bloodied man left to die on the road to Jericho. Using Game Theory, Buchanan constructs a moral quandary that the man from Samaria …

Adventures In The Article V Wonderland: Justiciability And Legal Sufficiency Of The Era Ratifications, Danaya C. Wright

UF Law Faculty Publications

This Article examines the paradoxical world of Article V—the amending power of the Constitution—in light of the recent ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). It explores the question of whether Article V issues are justiciable, what role the federal and state courts play in determining Article V procedures, and who has the jurisdiction to evaluate the legal sufficiency of state ratifications. This is a confounding area of law, and with a few judicial precedents, some textualism and originalism arguments, and recourse to logic and scholarship, I conclude that the ERA is validly the Twenty-Eighth Amendment. I provide a detailed …