Digital Commons Network^™

Advancing Positive Water Rights, Allyson E. Gold, Srinivas Parinandi, Allen Slater, Tyler Garrett

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.

Can't Live With Them, Can't Live Without Them: The Impact Of Covid-19 On Funeral Homes And The Relationship Of Privacy Interests Between The Living And Decreased, Taylor A. Neeld

University of Dayton Law Review

No abstract provided.

Ending The Discriminatory Pretrial Incarceration Of People With Disabilities: Liability Under The Americans With Disabilities Act And The Rehabilitation Act, Margo Schlanger, Elizabeth Jordan, Roxana Moussavian

Articles

Our federal, state, and local governments lock up hundreds of thousands of people at a time—millions over the course of a year—to ensure their appearance at a pending criminal or immigration proceeding. This type of pretrial incarceration—a term we use to cover both pretrial criminal detention and immigration detention prior to finalization of a removal order—can be very harmful. It disrupts the work and family lives of those detained, harms their health, interferes with their defense, and imposes pressure on them to forego their trial rights and accede to the government’s charges in an effort to abbreviate time behind bars. …

Smoke Without Fire: Employing Mediation To Create Workplace Accommodations For Medical Cannabis Use By Disabled Armed Forces Veterans, Brendan William Potocki

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

Over the course of a nearly twelve-year career in the Air Force, which included multiple tours of duty in Afghanistan and Iraq, Stephen Otero experienced unspeakable trauma. He has the scars-both visible and invisible-to prove it. Despite being diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder ("PTSD") in 2008, Otero once again placed country before self and reaffirmed his commitment to serving the United States by agreeing to complete another tour of duty. During this final deployment, Otero sustained extensive abdominal injuries as a result of a suicide bombing attack.

Fourth Amendment Issues And Covid-19 Tracking, Brooke A. Banks

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

The note argues that the special needs doctrine does not justify warrantless government access to cell site location information (CSLI) for COVID-19 tracking, as individual privacy interests outweigh public health benefits. It advocates for voluntary, privacy-protective measures, such as opt-in apps, to balance privacy and pandemic response.

A Framework For Thinking About The Government’S Speech And The Constitution, Helen Norton

Publications

This Essay sketches a framework for mapping and navigating the constitutional implications of the government’s speech—and then illustrates this framework’s application to some contemporary constitutional disputes. My hope is that this framework will help us sort through the constitutional puzzles triggered by the government’s expressive choices—puzzles that confront courts and policymakers with increasing frequency. What I call “first-stage government speech questions” require us to determine when the government is speaking itself and when it is instead (or also) regulating others’ speech. This determination matters because the rules that apply to the government as speaker are very different from those that …

The Enduring Role Of Conflict In The Perpetuation Of Famine: Advancing 'The Right To Adequate Food' For Sustainable Peace, Robert M. Bane

Dissertations and Theses

The present thesis evaluates developments and trends in global conflict dynamics, global systems of governance, and global hunger. Together, the thesis investigates and upholds the notion that famine is a ‘man-made’ phenomenon and explains how famine persists in a world abundant with food. Through analysis and research the following is found: the occurrence of global conflict is accelerating alongside an increase in the severity of organized violence dynamics; global authoritarianism is expanding presenting a threat to global freedoms and liberal democracy; as these trends are occurring, world hunger is steadily on the rise reflecting a significant backsliding of progress achieved …

Unlimited Medical Liability?, Jessica L. Roberts, Leah R. Fowler, Paul S. Appelbaum

Emory Law Journal Online

No abstract provided.

Essential But Ignored: Covid-19 Litigation And The Meatpacking Industry, Alexia Brunet Marks

Publications

The spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among meatpacking employees forced closures and slowdowns at many plants across the United States. As the meatpacking giants JBS, Smithfield, and Tyson became hotbeds for COVID-19, national meat production plummeted. To forestall further supply chain disruptions, former President Trump passed an Executive Order compelling plants to continue operating as “essential businesses.” As work continued, employees reported that social distancing and mask-wearing were not being enforced, managers were pressuring sick employees to work and not revealing co-worker’s infections, and an overall lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) or training to reduce the risk …

A Case For Deference In American Indian Health Law, Ashley Murphy

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

'The Perfect Shouldn't Be The Enemy Of The Good' — What Canada Can Do Today, Tomorrow & Next Week To Enhance Equitable Access To Covid-19 Biopharmaceutical Interventions, Matthew Herder

Reports & Public Policy Documents

There is overwhelming evidence of inequitable access to a range of COVID-19 targeting biopharmaceutical interventions, including not only vaccines but also anti-viral drug therapies, diagnostic tests, and various materials that are incorporated into these products. As recently explained by Yamey et al. in the British Medical Journal, inequitable access is baked into every phase of the biopharmaceutical system—from production and allocation to affordability and deployment. Yet, it is still possible to improve access to these critically important biopharmaceutical interventions in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Intellectual property (IP) rights are one crucial site where policy intervention can make an immediate …

Protecting International Travelers During The Pandemic: Charting The Way Forward, Fernando Dias Simoes

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

No abstract provided.

Righting A Reproductive Wrong: A Statutory Tort Solution To Misrepresentation By Reproductive Tissue Providers, Yaniv Heled, Hillel Y. Levin, Timothy D. Lytton, Liza Vertinsky

Scholarly Works

Fraud, misrepresentation, and other unfair trade practices plague the market for human reproductive tissue. The sale of sperm, eggs, and embryos is virtually unregulated in almost all states, and courts have been inhospitable to victims. As a result, children are born with genetic disorders that impose extreme financial and personal hardship. Proposals for direct government oversight have, for the most part, failed to gain traction, and litigation has yielded inadequate remedies.

This Article assesses these problems and proposes model legislation that would eliminate doctrinal obstacles to holding unscrupulous reproductive tissue providers liable. By making it easier for parents to bring …

Prepaid Death, Victoria J. Haneman

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

อาชีพช่างตัดผมภายใต้พระราชกำหนดการบริหารจัดการการทำงานของคนต่างด้าว พ.ศ. 2560, ศักดา เจริญสันติพงศ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

อาชีพช่างตัดผม เป็นอาชีพหนึ่งที่ถูกกำหนดให้เป็นอาชีพสงวนสำหรับคนชาติตามกฎหมาย ห้ามมิให้คนต่างด้าวทำในราชอาณาจักรไทยโดยเด็ดขาดภายใต้กฎหมายมาอย่างยาวนาน อย่างไรก็ตาม ปัจจุบันความต้องการในการใช้บริการช่างตัดผมชาวต่างชาติที่มีทักษะความสามารถได้เกิดขึ้นในสังคม จากกระแสนิยมวัฒนธรรมต่างชาติที่ได้รับการยอมรับประกอบกับการบังคับใช้กฎหมายกับคนต่างด้าวนั้นเป็นไปอย่างไม่สม่ำเสมอ ทำให้มีร้านตัดผมที่ดำเนินธุรกิจโดยช่างตัดผมชาวต่างชาติเปิดให้บริการอย่างเปิดเผย และมีผู้ใช้บริการมากมาย ซึ่งเป็นลักษณะของกฎหมายที่ไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปตามพัฒนาการของสังคม เอกัตตศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาหลักการของกฎหมายในการกำหนดให้อาชีพช่างตัดผมเป็นอาชีพสงวน ศึกษาแนวทางที่เหมาะสมและประโยชน์ในการปรับให้อาชีพช่างตัดผมเป็นอาชีพที่อนุญาตให้คนต่างด้าวทำได้ โดยทำการวิจัยเชิงเอกสาร ค้นคว้ารวบรวมข้อมูลกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้อง และมาตรฐานการประกอบอาชีพช่างตัดผมของประเทศไทย ประเทศออสเตรเลีย และ ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา รวมถึงนำข้อมูลที่ได้มาวิเคราะห์ หาข้อสรุป และเสนอแนวทางการวางมาตรฐานอาชีพสำหรับช่างทำผมที่จะประกอบอาชีพในประเทศไทยหากมีการปรับให้อาชีพช่างตัดผมเป็นอาชีพที่อนุญาตให้คนต่างด้าวทำได้ จากการศึกษาพบว่า ความเปลี่ยนแปลงของความต้องการในการใช้บริการช่างตัดผมชาวต่างชาตินั้น แสดงให้เห็นถึงความไม่สอดคล้องกับความเปลี่ยนแปลงของสังคมของกฎหมาย ผู้วิจัยได้ศึกษาเปรียบเทียบหลักเกณฑ์การเข้าสู่อาชีพช่างตัดผมของประเทศไทยและต่างประเทศแล้ว พบว่าในต่างประเทศมีวิธีการคัดกรองบุคคลากรเข้าสู่อาชีพช่างตัดผมที่หลากหลาย และเหมาะสมต่อสถานการณ์ความต้องการของสังคมมากกว่าการคัดกรองด้วยสัญญาติของประเทศไทยในปัจจุบัน ผู้วิจัยจึงได้เสนอแนวทางกำหนดมาตรฐานการคัดกรองบุคคลากรเข้าสู่อาชีพช่างตัดผมอันมีหลักเกณฑ์ยึดโยงกับมาตรฐานความสามารถ ฝีมือ และทักษะของช่างตัดผมโดยให้ใช้บังคับกับทั้งช่างตัดผมชาวไทยและชาวต่างชาติ อันจะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อทั้งผู้ให้บริการและผู้ใช้บริการ ไม่ว่าจะในด้านเศรษฐกิจและสังคม หรือด้านการส่งเสริมการแข่งขันและพัฒนาทักษะของช่างตัดผมไทย โดยไม่ต้องกำหนดให้อาชีพช่างตัดผมเป็นอาชีพสงวนเฉพาะชาติไทยอีกต่อไป

Equal Education Means Equal Education: Confronting Education Access Disparities For New York Students Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic During The 2020-2021 School Year, Sara Gruber

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing educational disparities, particularly affecting low-income and minority students in New York due to the shift to online learning. The state's current legislation, such as the Dignity for All Students Act, fails to address these off-campus digital divide issues, necessitating legal reform to ensure equal educational opportunities.

Modeling Through, Ryan Calo

Articles

Theorists of justice have long imagined a decision-maker capable of acting wisely in every circumstance. Policymakers seldom live up to this ideal. They face well-understood limits, including an inability to anticipate the societal impacts of state intervention along a range of dimensions and values. Policymakers cannot see around corners or address societal problems at their roots. When it comes to regulation and policy-setting, policymakers are often forced, in the memorable words of political economist Charles Lindblom, to “muddle through” as best they can.

Powerful new affordances, from supercomputing to artificial intelligence, have arisen in the decades since Lindblom’s 1959 article …

New Innovation Models In Medical Ai, W. Nicholson Price Ii, Rachel Sachs, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Scholarship@WashULaw

In recent years, scientists and researchers have devoted considerable resources to developing medical artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Many of these technologies—particularly those that resemble traditional medical devices in their functions—have received substantial attention in the legal and policy literature. But other types of novel AI technologies, such as those related to quality improvement and optimizing use of scarce facilities, have been largely absent from the discussion thus far. These AI innovations have the potential to shed light on important aspects of health innovation policy. First, these AI innovations interact less with the legal regimes that scholars traditionally conceive of as …

Why Does The Federal Government Get A Pass? Applying Best Practices In Child Protection To The Circumstances Of Migrant Children And Families, Randi Mandelbaum

American University Law Review

For too long, the United States has had a separate child-caring system for migrant children and families that operates alongside our domestic child welfare systems. The latter is a robust system focused on the principles of safety, wellbeing, and permanency; while the former flouts constitutional protections, separates children from parents, and perpetuates a system that is detaining children, warehousing them in large jail-like settings at worst, and sheltering them in large congregate care facilities at best. Children are being harmed, some irreparably.

Yet, if our child welfare laws reflect what we know to be proper standards for caring for vulnerable …

Viral Injustice, Brandon L. Garrett, Lee Kovarsky

Faculty Scholarship

The COVID-19 pandemic blighted all aspects of American life, but people in jails, prisons, and other detention sites experienced singular harm and neglect. Housing vulnerable detainee populations with elevated medical needs, these facilities were ticking time bombs. They were overcrowded, underfunded, unsanitary, insufficiently ventilated, and failed to meet even minimum health-and-safety standards. Every unit of national and sub-national government failed to prevent detainee communities from becoming pandemic epicenters, and judges were no exception.

This Article takes a comprehensive look at the decisional law growing out of COVID-19 detainee litigation and situates the judicial response as part of a comprehensive institutional …

Unpacking The Influence Of Islamic Religious Culture And Individual Religious Affiliation On Testing Hiv-Positive, Brittany Hayes, Amy Adamczyk

Publications and Research

The distribution of HIV cases varies cross-nationally. We separate the influences of Islam at the macro-and micro-levels to understand the role of religion in shaping the spread of HIV. Drawing on biomarker data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we construct a multilevel database (Individual N= 568,476; Country N= 30). We examine a series of national-and individual-level predictors that may mediate the relationship between Islam and testing HIV-positive. Individual religious affiliation and proportion Muslim retained their risk-reducing effects even when accounting for a range of mediators and suppressors. Islam has a sui generis effect on testing HIV-positive.

Market Myopia's Climate Bubble, Madison Condon

Faculty Scholarship

A growing number of financial institutions, ranging from BlackRock to the Bank of England, have warned that markets may not be accurately incorporating climate change-related risks into asset prices. This Article seeks to explain how this mispricing can exist at the level of individual assets drawing from scholarship on corporate governance and the mechanisms of market (in)efficiency. Market actors: 1. Lack the fine-grained asset-level data they need in order to assess risk exposure; 2. Continue to rely on outdated means of assessing risk; 3. Have misaligned incentives resulting in climate-specific agency costs; 4. Have myopic biases exacerbated by climate change …

First Amendment Challenges To State Vaccine Mandats: Why The U.S. Supreme Court Should Hold That The Free Exercise Clause Does Not Require Religious Exemptions, Donna M. Gitter

American University Law Review

The U.S. Supreme Court has never issued a judicial opinion on the merits declaring that the First Amendment Free Exercise Clause permits states to mandate vaccinations without offering religious exemptions. However, in two recent cases, the Court in brief orders declined applications for emergency relief to block state vaccine mandates, and the petitioners have vowed to continue to pursue these cases.

This Article explores how the seemingly sudden onset of the coronavirus pandemic, coupled with its protracted duration, has occasioned both emergency and enduring state regulation of religious behavior in a way that exposes deep divides in our society’s views …

The Need For Social Support From Law Schools During The Era Of Social Distancing, Michele Okoh, Inès Ndonko Nnoko

FIU Law Review

Law students have been faced with unparalleled stress during the syndemic. They must cope with being students during the COVID-19 pandemic but also must deal with stress related to social and political unrest. This essay recommends that law schools apply social support theory in developing interventions to effectively address the needs of law students now and in the future. Social support theory focuses on the value and benefits one receives from positive interpersonal relationships. These positive relationships impact both mental and physical health and promote beneficial short and long-term overall health. However, not all supports are the same, and social …

Protecting Free Speech And Due Process Values On Dominant Social Media Platforms, Dawn C. Nunziato

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

In recent years, dominant social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have been increasingly perceived as engaging in discrimination against conservative and right-wing viewpoints – especially by conservatives themselves. Such concerns were exacerbated by Twitter and Facebook’s deplatforming of then-President Trump in response to the president’s tweets and posts leading up to and during the January 6 th insurrection. Trump’s deplatforming, coupled with the recent actions taken by the platforms in removing Covid- and election-related misinformation, led to cries of censorship by conservative and increased calls for regulation of the platforms. Supreme Court Justice Thomas took up this charge (in …

What Covid-19 Laid Bare: Adventures In Workers’ Compensation Causation, Michael C. Duff

All Faculty Scholarship

This essay performs a close analysis of workers’ compensation coverage of COVID-19 and arrives at the conclusion that it should not be “impossible” to prove in a legal sense that an employee’s COVID-19 was caused by work. Scientific proof is not the same as legal proof: workers’ compensation law has never required that claims must be supported by irrefutable scientific proof of workplace causation. Yet repeatedly one heard this suggestion during public discussion on workers’ compensation coverage of employees.

Still, there is good evidence that even when workers’ compensation undisputedly covers work-related disease employers seldom pay benefits (and states do …

Remote Justice & Domestic Violence: Process Pluralism Lessons From The Pandemic, Andrea K. Schneider, Heather Hlavka, Sameena Mulla, Erin Schubert, Aleksandra J. Snowden

Articles

Domestic violence procedures, like so many court processes around the world, were forced to go online and remote during the pandemic. The impact was dramatic—there were fewer restraining order petitions filed in the first place and an even lower amount granted. In short, domestic violence survivors, among the most vulnerable in our court system, were even more challenged in the last two years. Like many court systems, Milwaukee will never go back to being fully in-person for all procedures in conjunction with domestic violence. The evolving hybrid choices could provide additional access to justice, or these processes could create additional …

The Duties Of Occupying Powers In Relation To The Prevention And Control Of Contagious Diseases Through The Interplay Between International Humanitarian Law And The Right To Health, Dr. Marco Longobardo

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Article explores the rules governing the prevention and control of contagious diseases in occupied territory under international law. Although the Article refers to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, its scope is broader and encompasses instances of state practice that have occurred over the last two centuries. After a careful analysis of the relevant treaties and episodes of state practice, the Article concludes that occupying powers have duties under international humanitarian law and international human rights law to prevent and control contagious diseases, through cooperating with the local authorities and bringing the necessary medical supplies in the occupied territory. The Article …

Introduction: Amr Belongs In The Pandemic Instrument, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Kevin Outterson

Faculty Scholarship

In the wake of COVID-19, the World Health Organization established an Intergovernmental Negotiating Body to negotiate a new instrument for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. This special issue of the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics brings together multidisciplinary scholarship to address the question of whether antimicrobial resistance should be included in this new instrument. Drawing from disciplines including law, anthropology, history, public health, public policy, economics, and veterinary medicine, this special issue explores the inclusion of AMR within the Pandemic Instrument from three perspectives: first, through the lens of global AMR governance, second, from the perspective of technical governance …

A Pandemic Instrument Can Start Turning Collective Problems Into Collective Solutions By Governing The Common-Pool Resource Of Antimicrobial Effectiveness, Isaac Weldon, Kathy Liddell, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Steven J. Hoffman, Timo Minssen, Kevin Outterson, Stephanie Palmer, A. M. Viens, Jorge Viñuales

Faculty Scholarship

To address the complex challenge of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pandemic treaty should include mechanisms that 1) equitably address the access gap for antimicrobials, diagnostic technologies, and alternative therapies; 2) equitably conserve antimicrobials to sustain effectiveness and access across time and space; 3) equitably finance the investment, discovery, development, and distribution of new technologies; and 4) equitably finance and establish greater upstream and midstream infection prevention measures globally. Biodiversity, climate, and nuclear governance offer lessons for addressing these challenges.