Digital Commons Network^™

Guaranteeing The Press, Jacob M. Schriner-Briggs

St. John's Law Review

A vibrant press is vital to meaningful self-government. Indeed, the indispensability of investigative journalism to democracy raises the stakes of the news industry’s ongoing collapse. Many of the country’s most prominent outlets are shedding jobs as local operations shutter entirely. The downstream effects of this market contraction frustrate the informed exercise of popular sovereignty.

Because journalism is a public good in the economic sense, the state must intervene to provision it. To this end, scholars have generally endorsed one of two legal bases for government action. The first argues that the First Amendment can constitutionalize press-favoring market interventions. The second …

Gender Sidelining In Schools And The Scourge Of Single Sex School Leadership, Kelley King, Jessica Fink

St. John's Law Review

Concerns about unequal gender representation have plagued virtually every workplace in recent decades. In countless professions, even those in which women comprise a majority of the workforce, leadership positions are dominated by men. Often, the inability of women to rise within the professional hierarchy stems not only from overt acts of sex discrimination, but also from more subtle and nuanced bias in the workplace—bias referred to in other research as “gender sidelining.” This sidelining seems particularly paradoxical when it arises in professions in which women already have been funneled due to their gender—including the education sphere. In this way, the …

Benchmarked For Arbitration: Work Avoidance As An Explanation For Why Judges Have Become Increasingly Favorable Toward Compelled Arbitration, Michael Conklin

Pepperdine Law Review

The clear trajectory over the last 100 years has been for judges to become increasingly more favorable toward sending disputes to compelled arbitration and enforcing arbitration awards. This results in a modern widespread proliferation of compelled arbitration that has become increasingly controversial. Some have alleged that the steady trend toward courts favoring compelled arbitration is the result of a corresponding building up of trust among judges in the arbitration process. This Article posits an alternative theory: Namely, judges face immense incentives to clear their dockets, and compelled arbitration is a highly efficient tool to that end. Exploring the historical trajectory …

Navigating The Paths To Justice: A Study On The Role Of Social Supports In Responding To Justiciable Events, Andrew Pilliar

Journal of Law and Social Policy

This article reports the results of an in-depth qualitative study of advice-seeking behaviours in a large Canadian city. Nine participants were recruited from neighbourhood houses in the Vancouver area to discuss their experiences in responding to one of two kinds of justiciable event: a personal injury or a government benefits problem. The paper offers a detailed discussion of nuances in how individuals experienced, characterized, and took action in response to their justiciable problem. Notably, many of the research participants spoke about the importance of social supports and the contingent nature of those supports, both in understanding what they had experienced …

Mmu: 03/31/25–04/06/25, Student Bar Association

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องค์การการค้าโลกกับวิกฤตโลกร้อน: วิเคราะห์มาตรการเก็บค่าธรรมเนียมคาร์บอนข้ามพรมแดนของสหภาพยุโรป (The World Trade Organization And Global Warming Crisis: Analysis On The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Of The European Union), Sakda Thanitcul

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

ในปี พ.ศ. 2541 (ค.ศ. 1998) องค์กรอุทธรณ์ขององค์การการค้าโลก (the World Trade Organization) ได้ให้ความสำคัญของค่านิยมเรื่อง “การอนุรักษ์สัตว์ป่าที่ใกล้สูญพันธุ์” ได้แก่ เต่าทะเล ว่ามีความสำคัญเทียบเท่ากับค่านิยมเรื่อง “ประสิทธิภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ” ตามทฤษฎีทางเศรษฐศาสตร์เรื่องความได้เปรียบโดยเปรียบเทียบ (Comparative Advantage) โดยตัดสินคดีข้อพิพาทระหว่างประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกากับประเทศอินเดีย ปากีสถาน มาเลเซีย และไทย ว่ามาตรการของประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาที่ห้ามนำเข้ากุ้งจากประเทศอินเดีย ปากีสถาน มาเลเซีย และไทยนั้น แม้จะเป็นมาตรการที่ไม่สอดคล้องกับข้อ 11 ของความตกลงทั่วไปว่าด้วยภาษีศุลกากรและการค้า (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade หรือ GATT) ก็ตาม แต่ก็ได้รับการนิรโทษตามข้อ 20 (จี) ของความตกลงฉบับดังกล่าวเนื่องจากเต่าทะเลเป็นทรัพยากรธรรมชาติที่ใช้แล้วสูญสิ้นหมดไป เมื่อวิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบระหว่างคำตัดสินในข้อพิพาทดังกล่าวกับมาตรการเก็บคาร์บอนข้ามพรมแดนของสหภาพยุโรป (European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism หรือ EU-CBAM) แล้ว อาจชี้ให้เห็นได้ว่าในอนาคต หากมีข้อพิพาทที่เกี่ยวข้องกับมาตรการดังกล่าวเข้าสู่กลไกระงับข้อพิพาทขององค์การการค้าโลกแล้ว คณะพิจารณาข้อพิพาทและองค์กรอุทธรณ์ขององค์การการค้าโลกซึ่งตระหนักดีถึงปัญหา “วิกฤตโลกร้อน” ที่เกิดขึ้นในปัจจุบัน ก็มีแนวโน้มสูงที่จะให้ความสำคัญกับค่านิยมสากลเรื่อง “การอนุรักษ์ชั้นบรรยากาศโลก” อันได้แก่ การลดปริมาณการปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกเข้าสู่ชั้นบรรยากาศของโลกเพื่อไม่ให้อุณหภูมิของโลกสูงขึ้นเกินกว่า 2 องศาเซลเซียส ภายใน พ.ศ. 2593 (ค.ศ. 2050) ไม่น้อยไปกว่าค่านิยมเรื่อง “ประสิทธิภาพทางเศรษฐกิจ” และคงจะตัดสินให้มาตรการ EU-CBAM ได้รับการนิรโทษตามข้อ 20 (จี) ของความตกลงทั่วไปว่าด้วยภาษีศุลกากรและการค้าเช่นเดียวกัน

กระบวนการคัดกรองผู้ลี้ภัยของประเทศไทย: การริเริ่มให้ความคุ้มครองแก่ประชากรพลัดถิ่นในรัฐที่มิได้เป็นภาคีต่ออนุสัญญาผู้ลี้ภัย (Thailand’S National Screening Mechanism: Initiating ‘Asylum’ Procedures In A Non-Signatory To The 1951 Refugee Convention), Prima Sukmanop

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

ประเทศไทยมิได้มีกฎหมายภายในประเทศที่รับรองคุ้มครองสิทธิในการแสวงหาที่ลี้ภัยจากการประหัตประหาร (Right to Seek Asylum from Persecution) ของผู้พลัดถิ่น (Forcibly Displaced Persons) ซึ่งรวมถึงผู้ลี้ภัย (Refugees) เป็นการเฉพาะ ทั้งนี้ เมื่อเดือนกันยายน พ.ศ. 2566 สำนักงานตรวจคนเข้าเมืองได้เริ่มคัดกรอง “ผู้ได้รับการคุ้มครอง” ตามระเบียบสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรีว่าด้วยการคัดกรองคนต่างด้าวที่เข้ามาในราชอาณาจักรและไม่สามารถเดินทางกลับประเทศอันเป็นภูมิลำเนาได้ พ.ศ. 2562 หรือที่รู้จักกันในนาม National Screening Mechanism (NSM) โดยคนต่างด้าวที่ผ่านการคัดกรองจะได้รับการคุ้มครองจากการถูกบังคับส่งกลับไปยังประเทศต้นทางที่อาจมีภยันตราย (Protection Against Refoulement) แม้ประเทศไทยจะมิได้เป็นภาคีต่ออนุสัญญาว่าด้วยสถานภาพผู้ลี้ภัย ค.ศ. 1951 และพิธีสารที่เกี่ยวข้องก็ตาม แต่กระบวนการคัดกรอง NSM ปรากฏลักษณะสำคัญที่คล้ายคลึงกับกระบวนการพิจารณาสถานภาพผู้ลี้ภัย (Refugee Status Determination: RSD) ซึ่งสำนักงานข้าหลวงใหญ่ผู้ลี้ภัยแห่งสหประชาชาติ (UNHCR) ได้ดำเนินการในประเทศไทยมาหลายทศวรรษ อย่างไรก็ดี เมื่อกระบวนการคัดกรอง NSM ถูกดำเนินงานโดยหน่วยงานภาครัฐ อีกทั้งเป็นกระบวนการภายใต้กฎหมายว่าด้วยคนเข้าเมืองซึ่งยึดโยงกับความมั่นคงของชาติและผลประโยชน์ทางการเมืองในระดับภูมิภาค จึงอาจมีข้อพิจารณาอื่นนอกเหนือไปจากความเสี่ยงต่อการประหัตประหาร แตกต่างไปจากบริบทความคุ้มครองระหว่างประเทศ อันเป็นเจตนารมณ์ของกระบวนการคัดกรองผู้ลี้ภัยโดยทั่วไป ดังนั้น จึงเกิดข้อถกเถียงว่ากระบวนการคัดกรอง NSM อาจมิใช่กระบวนการพิจารณาสถานภาพผู้ลี้ภัยในระดับชาติตามความคาดหวังของประชาคมโลก แต่เป็นเพียงข้อโต้แย้งภายใต้กระบวนการตรวจคนเข้าเมืองที่ยังคงปรากฏข้อจำกัดแก่การเข้าถึงสิทธิขั้นพื้นฐาน และอาจยังมิใช่วิธีการแก้ไขปัญหาผู้ลี้ภัยอย่างยั่งยืน

Precarity, Property, And Homelessness In Toronto, Alexandra Potamianos

Journal of Law and Social Policy

This article analyzes the relationship that unhoused people have to property, both public and private, in Toronto. It argues that in disputes over the use of certain city spaces by unhoused people their interests are subordinate to those of the state and the property- owning public. To advance this argument, this article uses the example of the conflict between unhoused individuals occupying a hotel leased by Toronto at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the surrounding residents of an affluent neighbourhood. This article concludes by showing that the presence of unhoused people in city spaces not only reveals their …

Radical Resistance In The Penumbra Of The Law: Legal Mobilization For Migrant Farmworkers Under Neo-Colonial Racial Capitalism, Vasanthi Venkatesh

Journal of Law and Social Policy

Workers from the Global South with temporary immigration status provide a transitory, cheap, exploitable workforce that is responsive to economic vicissitudes and supremacist anti-migration discourse. They are created as an exceptional category of persons “essential” for their work but with no right to remain and claim citizenship-type entitlement to the Global North. The programs in agriculture are rooted in the legacies of indentureship, plantation, and other forms of racialized coerced labour. These programs continue to entrench a neocolonial racial capitalist global order where “unfree labour” is sanctified by contemporary liberal laws. Caught in the vice of a hegemonic, racial, state-governed …

Quo Vadis Hak Atas Kesehatan Reproduksi: Analisis Rekonstruksi Pengaturan Aborsi Di Indonesia (Perbandingan Hukum Indonesia Dengan Perancis), Dian Kencana Putri, Erna Dyah Kusumawati

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Pembatasan akses aborsi di Indonesia menyebabkan banyak perempuan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan terpaksa berhadapan dengan hukum. Pembatasan aborsi yang mengakibatkan kriminalisasi ini dapat menyebabkan dilema moral bagi banyak perempuan yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Padahal aborsi berpotensi terjadi pada setiap perempuan berusia produktif di Indonesia. Aborsi di Indonesia merupakan tindakan ilegal dan aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan dalam dua kondisi saja, yakni kedaruratan medis dan kehamilan yang disebabkan perkosaan. Artikel ini menganalisa bagaimana sebenarnya substansi aborsi dapat dimasukkan pada kategori hak kesehatan reproduksi perempuan dan mengapa negara Indonesia perlu mengubah kebijakan dan hukum mengenai aborsi. Untuk melihat seberapa pentingnya negara harus …

Law School News: Champions For Justice: Celebrating Alumni Leaders In Legal Advocacy And Social Impact 03-31-2025, Jane Govednik

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Gap: Stress And Support Systems For Underrepresented Students Pursuing Graduate Education, Carlos A. Tavira-Villegas

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Embedded within the United States educational system lies a history that is marked by centuries of exclusion, where students of color were denied the right to an equal education. Despite this legacy of injustice, a story of resilience and bravery also exists, as countless individuals fought for the right to access and succeed in an equal education. This literature review examines the historical exclusion of Mexican American, Asian, and Black students in the United States. Important legal cases will be explored to trace the progression of educational equity in America. Several theories will be reviewed, including social identity theory, ecological …

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 03.31.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Q&A with Krystal McLeod ‘21 J.D.: From Notre Dame to Forbes’ 30 Under 30
• J.S.D. candidate Ewa Rejman speaks at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women

Faculty Briefs

• Nicole Garnett was interviewed by EducationWeek about the St. Isidore case as parties prepare for oral arguments before the Supreme Court.
• Lloyd Mayer contributed pieces to the Nonprofit Law Prof Blog about the impacts of recent executive orders on nonprofits and conflicts between the USIP and DOGE.
• Mary Ellen O'Connell was quoted in Poynter about President Trump's use of the 1798 Alien Enemies Act.
• Sam Bray …

The Age Of Neoliberal Capitalism And The Eclipse Of Intergenerational Care: A Philosophical Reading At The Aftermath Of The Pandemic, Ferdinando G. Menga

Emancipations: A Journal of Critical Social Analysis

Taking its cue from the experience of pandemic, which has had an enormous impact on society at a global level, this paper makes a two-faceted plea by way of a philosophical analysis. In the first place, it claims that care should entail not only a present-based reach, but also an intergenerational character. In the second place, the paper analyzes the deep genealogy of the current structural blindness towards a future-oriented understanding of care, a genealogy which is to be traced back to the very modern liberal-capitalist design of society, and, furthermore, is to be detected nowadays in its extreme form …

Review Of In A Human Voice, Jean Keller

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Review Of Portraits Of Peacemakers: Americans Who Tell The Truth, Rosemarie Pace

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

New Cold War, New Anti-Nuclear Activism (Webinar), - Kroc Institute For International Peace Studies

The Journal of Social Encounters

The nuclear freeze movement of the early 1980s demonstrated the power of grassroots activism to influence national defense and security policy at the height of the Cold War. Today, the world is threatened by a new global arms race as the United States, Russia, China, and other nuclear weapons states are rebuilding and enhancing their arsenals, including new missile deployments. In the face of worsening nuclear dangers, grassroots movements are once again advocating for nuclear disarmament and justice.

This webinar, which took place February 11, 2025 discussed the efforts and impact of local government officials, religious leaders, and international networks …

Christian Ethics And Business Leadership, Jon Armajani

The Journal of Social Encounters

This essay discusses the ethical principles of listening, community, stewardship, and interreligious and intercultural understanding with respect to business leadership. It opens by discussing definitions of ethics and their relevance to businesses and business leaders. It continues by providing a description of the consulting company Accenture’s ethical principles and practices, as positive examples. The essay provides Arthur Andersen and its work with Enron and WorldCom, both of which went bankrupt in the early 2000s, as examples of the failures that occur when ethical principles are not practiced. Then, the essay states that Christianity and the Benedictine tradition constitute a basis …

Toward Integral Security: How Environmental Protection Was Incorporated Into The United Nations System And Why It Matters Today And Tomorrow, Patricia M. Mische

The Journal of Social Encounters

How did the United Nations - an international organization built on 19^th century worldviews and state-centric structures, integrate 21^st century challenges of environmental protection into its mission and programs? The UN Charter includes no mandate for environmental protection. Ecological integrity was not included in the scope of peace and security held by member states when they ratified the UN Charter. Yet, despite this and other historical, philosophical and structural limitations, the UN became the leading body for the development of global environmental policy.

Right To Education And Access To Schooling: Understanding The Role Of Students’ Transportation Challenges In Selected Junior Secondary Schools In Ilorin, Nigeria, Usman Bolaji Abdulkadir, Egbinola Temitope Anuoluwa

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Some Issues In Armed Conflict And Human Rights: Issues Toward Human Rights And Applicable Law In The Battlefield, Hiroshi Saito

Japanese Society and Culture

In recent years, Japan’s legal system regarding defense has improved, but little research has been conducted on what would happen if Japanese territory became a battlefield. Due to the Japan–US Security Treaty and the Japan–US Status of Forces Agreement, Japanese territory could technically become a space for armed conflict in the wake of US military action. If this happened, various legal issues would arise, but under the Japanese Constitution and domestic laws, which are primarily concerned with the protection of human rights, there would be a dual application of international humanitarian law and domestic laws including the Constitution. An important …

Self-Evolvability—The Ability To Utilize Artificial Intelligence—Definition, Validity, And Policy Implications, Koichi Kume, Hiroyuki Chuma

Japanese Society and Culture

To make full use of the potential of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, it is necessary to switch to a way of thinking and working that is friendly to technology. In this regard, this study examines the concept of “self-evolvability,” which is defined as a mixture of meta-cognition, "informating" everything, and pursuing a shared benefit and desire for self-change. Using survey results in Japan and the United States., we construct a self-evolvability variable and confirm unique features that differ from existing measure, and quantitatively analyzed the relationship between self-evolvability, acceptance of new technologies, provision of personal data, and approval or …

Separation Of Drug Scheduling Powers, Mason Marks

Scholarly Publications

Drug scheduling places substances believed to be harmful and addictive under strict federal control. In 1970, Congress enacted the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), which split drug scheduling authority between executive departments to leverage their specialized expertise. Today, the CSA grants the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) authority over scientific aspects of drug scheduling and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) jurisdiction over nonscientific, law-enforcement-related matters. However, since 1970, the separation of scheduling powers has collapsed, and law enforcement officials have assumed powers reserved for public health experts. Bureaucratic drift, where policies diverge from what lawmakers attempted to achieve, has …

Saving Private Unfaithful: An Argument For Administrative Separation And Action In Lieu Of Criminalizing Extramarital Sexual Conduct, Annelise Burgess

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

In order to keep America’s armed forces deadly, ESC must be decriminalized. The MCM’s 2019 update to start including non-heterosexual marriages and affairs tragically expands the reach of ESC. This Note presents new data on charging patterns of ESC in the Marines, highlighting the crime’s active use. ESC continues to overcompensate for behavior prejudicial to good order and discipline or service discrediting; this overcompensation results in subjecting non-prejudicial and non-service-discrediting behavior to criminal action, simultaneously infringing on service members’ constitutional rights and serving as fodder for public outcry. Military leaders should decriminalize ESC and alternatively penalize the behavior by administrative …

Litigating Vertical Mergers: Innovation Dynamics From Illumina-Grail, Aurelien Portuese

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

Illumina-Grail represents an important moment in antitrust litigation, reshaping the legal landscape for vertical mergers in innovation-driven markets. This Article analyzes the Federal Trade Commission’s uncommon achievement in blocking the Illumina-Grail merger—a ruling sustained by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals—emphasizing its significant ramifications for antitrust legislation. The case examines the complex dynamics of innovation competition and emerging market definition, challenging established doctrines regarding the inherently procompetitive nature of vertical mergers. This Article examines the changing criteria for defining relevant markets and evaluating competitive harm in research and development-oriented industries. It also discusses the Fifth Circuit’s support of the FTC’s …

The “Marketplace” Myth: Addressing Amazon’S Defense To Product Liability Claims, Andrew Ackley

Seattle University Law Review Online

Many courts continue to analyze law as if we have not evolved from the early days of the internet, when Facebook was a “social networking” site, AOL made messages “instant,” and eBay let everyone auction random items. The internet connected people. Because it did not touch them, it could not harm them. However, with storefronts closing, brick-and-mortar retail chains declaring bankruptcy, and “Uber lots” popping up at airports, the internet “cloud” has touched down all over the country, and online businesses are now harming people just as human actors and brickand-mortar stores always have.

While generating thousands of new ride …

Application Of Philosophy In Substantive Due Process Analysis Focusing On Washington V. Glucksberg, Amelia Schwensen

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Substantive due process is widely regarded as the most convoluted and controversial legal concept. For years, the court has struggled to interpret and apply value-based terms in the Fourteenth Amendment, as these terms contain deeper significance beyond the words. Additionally, the court must balance expanding the law to enshrine the abstract values of substantive due process and limiting its interpretation so that it is not “creating law” or imposing its personal beliefs on its decision. This push and pull of defending values and maintaining legitimacy has created significant issues in substantive due process analysis and is the background and basis …

What Is Wrong With Maine's Occupational Disease Law?, Thomas R. Watson

Maine Law Review

By enacting occupational disease laws, state legislatures stepped ahead of limited medical knowledge concerning the etiology of disease. Responding to public and political pressures, legislatures placed the responsibility for adjudicating claims based on disease on administrators whose procedural and evidentiary systems were designed for claims due to injuries. But the causal connection of disease to employment is not so easily shown; until quite recently, diseases were not thought to support the common law causes of action that gave rise to the quid pro quo of workers' compensation systems. This Comment first sketches the development of Workers' Compensation law and its …

Another Veil Of Protection For Exclusionary Zoning Ordinances: Warren V. Municipal Offices Of Gorham, Peter A. Gleichman

Maine Law Review

In Warren v. Municipal Officers, the Maine Law Court refused to alter the rules it articulated eighteen years ago for reviewing municipal zoning decisions and reaffirmed the application of a narrow standard of review of allegedly exclusionary zoning ordinances. The plaintiffs asserted that the Gorham zoning ordinance, which prohibited them from locating a single-unit modular home' on their land and restricted such units to mobile home parks, unconstitutionally discriminated against them. On appeal of the denial of a permit for the Warrens to place their modular home on their property, the Superior Court held that state statutes regulating the construction …

An Analysis Of Federal Drug-Related Civil Forfeiture, Susan J. Parcels

Maine Law Review

Drug Enforcement Administration Special Agent Arthur J. Goldenbaum participated in a raid at the home of Mrs. Edna Salas, arrested her husband, and charged him with possession of heroin. Pursuant to a warrant, Goldenbaum searched the Salas's 1975 Mercedes and found four marijuana cigarette butts in the ashtray. The government seized the Mercedes, sold it, and collected the proceeds. This is an example of forfeiture-the loss of goods to the government as a result of the commission of a crime-under the federal drug laws. This Comment examines federal civil forfeiture statutes applicable to drug trafficking. The widespread judicial reluctance to …