Digital Commons Network^™

The New Fourth Era Of American Religious Freedom, John Witte Jr., Eric Wang

UC Law Journal

The U.S. Supreme Court has entered decisively into a new fourth era of American religious freedom. In the first era, from 1776 to 1940, the Court largely left governance of religious freedom to the individual states and did little to enforce the First Amendment Religion Clauses. In the second era, from 1940 to 1990, the Court “incorporated” the First Amendment into the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause and applied both a strong Free Exercise Clause and a strong Establishment Clause against federal, state, and local governments alike. In the third era, from the mid-1980s to 2010, the Court softened the …

Implications Of Chile V. Bolivia For Transboundary Wetlands, Zoe H. Rosenblum, Aaron T. Wolf Oregon State University

Wyoming Law Review

No abstract provided.

Lex Cryptographica Financiera, Rosa M. Lastra, J.G. Allen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The past year has witnessed significant growth in the size, and mainstream profile, of financial markets built on distributed ledger technology (“DLT”), in particular “blockchain”. In February 2021, the market capitalisation of the cryptoasset Bitcoin, which is built on the first operational blockchain, topped USD 1 trillion. So-called decentralised finance (“DeFi”), built mostly on the Ethereum blockchain, grew from less than USD 1 billion to over USD 80 billion in May 2021. Even if one adopts a sceptical posture towards these developments, “crypto” markets cannot be ignored by scholars or practitioners of financial and monetary law.

Putin's Matryoskha: A War Reparations Facility For Rebuilding Ukraine, Lev E. Breydo

Faculty Publications

This Article addresses a critical, trillion-dollar question: How do we hold Russia accountable for the reconstruction of Ukraine? The nation has been devastated by Russia's brutal war of aggression, with tens of thousands killed, millions displaced and its economy in shambles. The enormity of the problem cannot be overstated.

Existing proposals to support Ukraine, including many from prominent scholars, largely focus on seizing Russian assets, particularly central bank reserves "frozen" by sanctions. Such strategies, however, are legally problematic-- likely well beyond the scope of Presidential authority-- and financially insufficient. Moreover, while prospective new legislation could expand presidential powers, it risks …

Addressing Health Crises Through Courts? Climate Litigation In Latin America, The Right To Health And Vulnerable Populations, Thalia Viveros Uehara

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

As Latin America faces increasing climate-related health crises that disproportionately affect populations experiencing poverty and social exclusion, it becomes increasingly urgent to realize the most vulnerable's right to health. While the region's new constitutionalism (NLAC) has made progress in protecting this right, it has only recently begun to intersect with climate change law through rights-based climate litigation. This dissertation takes a transdisciplinary multi-methods research approach to answer the following question: How do health crises emerge within, and how are they addressed by courts through, domestic climate litigation in Latin America? Specifically, it examines how health concerns for vulnerable populations are …

Introduction To Transboundary Waters Special Issue, Hannah Mink, Jenna Vonhofe

Wyoming Law Review

No abstract provided.

Physical Accessibility And Historic Preservation In Historic House Museums Of The Southeast, Abby Milonas

All Theses

Museums are a public good, as they provide educational recreation and preserve cultural history, and so it is crucial that they are physically accessible to as many visitors as possible. The aim of this study was to understand what architectural features of historic house museums are the least accessible and what has been done to ameliorate these challenges. The survey used in the study was developed using the guidelines for making historic buildings accessible as described in the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards. It was distributed by email to representatives of 220 historic sites, of …

Beyond The North–South Divide: Litigation's Role In Resolving Climate Change Loss And Damage Claims, Maria Antonia Tigre, Margaretha Wewerinke-Singh

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Within the international climate regime, legal aspects surrounding loss and damage (L&D) are contentious topics, implicating liability, compensation and notions of vulnerability. The attribution of responsibility and the pursuit of redress for L&D present intricate legal and governance challenges. The ongoing debates under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are characterized by a pronounced North–South divide and have done little to provide tangible support to those most affected by L&D. This apparent neglect has prompted exploration of alternative avenues for climate harm redress. The burgeoning field of litigation for liability and compensation of climate harm holds potential significance …

Analysis On The Fluctuations In Port Demand Caused By The Change In International Trade Of The Countries Along The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road : Take The Asean Countries For Example, Ziyi Shu

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Racialized History Of Vice Policing, India Thusi

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Vice policing targets the consumption and commercialization of certain pleasures that have been criminalized in the United States—such as the purchase of narcotics and sexual services. One might assume that vice policing is concerned with eliminating these vices. However, in reality, this form of policing has not been centered on protecting and preserving the moral integrity of the policed communities by eradicating vice. Instead, the history of vice policing provides an example of the racialized nature of policing in the United States. Vice policing has been focused on (1) maintaining racial segregation, (2) containing vice in marginalized communities, and (3) …

The Heart Of The Matter: Icwa And The Future Of Native American Child Welfare, Amelia Tidwell

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

The United States has a long and tragic history of removing Native American children from their homes and culture at shocking rates. Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) in 1978 in response to that crisis and many states have bolstered the Act with state legislation and tribal-state agreements, but racial disparities are still present in the child welfare system today. Some states with low Native American populations joined non-Native American prospective adoptive parents in a constitutional challenge of ICWA, and hundreds of supporters (tribes, organizations, and states) poured out support for the Act. The Supreme Court heard the …

Female Representation In Hard Times By Charles Dickens, د / نبراس احمد عبدالله

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

The fight for women's emancipation has existed for centuries, dormant in the previous era. Still, the sprouting of radical activity in the women's movement gathered impetus and peaked in the late Victorian era. The feminist agitation of the era was a noticeable feature that shocked the Victorian conservative. The term was first used by French dramatist Alexander Dumas in 1872. From the Hebrew Bible and Greek philosophy to the present, the female tends to be defined by negative reference-weak, docile, virile, and sensual. The study of Victorian feminists is a source of interest to the extent of modern feminism. The …

حصاد مياه الامطار وامكانية استثمارة في حوض وادي العلية في بادية الجزيرة العراقية, أ.م.د عبد الباقي خميس حمادي, الباحث. عمر عبد الجليل تركي

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

توصلت الدراسة الى امكانية محدودة لتطبيق نظام حصاد مائي في المنطقة ، بالاعتماد على المعايير الجيولوجية والتضاريسية والهيدرولوجية ، من خلال اختيار موقع الخزان الامثل المقترح لحصاد المياه لغرض خزن المياه والاستفادة منها في فترات الجفاف، لتنمية الاراضي الزراعية وزراعة محصول القمح عن طريق هذا الحصاد والعمل على استخدام نظام المرشات (زراعة الديم )، وحددت كمية المياه التي يمكن خزنها في الحزان الامثل بحوالي (1176000000م3) ، وهذه النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها تساعد مستقبلا عند تطبيقها الى تنمية المنطقة من عدة جوانب كتنمية الاراضي الزراعية وتوسيع المراعي ، من خلال ابراز دور الحصاد المائي كوسيلة لتعويض النقص …

الاثار السلبية للتوسع السكني والمعالجات التخطيطية والتوقعات المستقبلية لنمو السكان في قضاء الراشدية, الاستاذ الدكتور حاتم حمودي حسن, الباحث. محمود مجيد رشاد

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على الاثار السلبية للتوسع السكني والمعالجات التخطيطية والتوقعات المستقبلية لنمو السكان في قضاء الراشدية ، حيث تعد مشكلة الزحف العمراني على حساب الاراضي الزراعية من المشاكل التي ادت الى تناقص الاراضي الزراعية في قضاء الراشدية بسبب النمو السكاني المتزايد في منطقة الدراسة والهجرات المتعاقبة والمستمرة من مدينة بغداد مما احدث استعمالات ارض مختلفة على حساب الاراضي الزراعية .

حيث تشهد الكثير من المدن والمناطق حول العالم توسعا سكنيا كبيرا وهذا الأمر يترتب عليه العديد من الآثار السلبية على البيئة والمجتمع، وقضاء الراشدية ليس استثناء من ذلك.

وازداد الزحف العمراني بعد عام 2003 حيث ادى الى …

نمذجة الملائمة البيئية لزراعة الرز في سهل عقرة الجنوبي بالاعتماد على تكامل منهج Mcdm وتقنيات الجيوماتيكس, د. سمير صباح رجب ئاكره يى

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

يعد التكامل بين منهج اتخاذ القرار متعددة المعايير او (MCDM) و تقنيات الجيوماتيكس نهجا متجددا و واعدا لحل المشاكل المتعلقة بصنع القرارات في مجموعة واسعة من المجالات المتعلقة بإدارة البيئة و التخطيط الحضري و النقل و النشاط الزراعي وغيرها ..، اذ يوفر (MCDM) اطار منهجي منظم لتقييم العديد من المعايير المتداخلة و المتعارضة في مشكلات صنع القرار، بينما يوفر ال(Geomatics) مجموعة من الادوات و التقنيات الخاصة بمعالجة وتحليل البيانات الجغرافية المكانية وتخزينها وعرضها، ومن خلال الجمع بين كلتاهما يمكن لمتخذي القرار الاستفادة من المعلومات الغنية التي تشتق عن تقييم خيارات القرار واختيار الافضل منها …

مظاهر الانزلاقات الارضية المؤثرة في طريق كويه - بيستانه في جبل هيبت سلطان ( دراسة في الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية ), ا.م.د. سنور أحمد رسول

Midad AL-Adab Refereed Quarterly Journal

يتناول هذا البحث مخاطر الانزلاقات الأرضية التي يتعرض لها طريق هيبت سلطان وتاثيراته في الانسان والبيئة. وذلك في منطقة الطريق الرابط بين كوية وبيستانة على جبل هيبت سلطان والذي يعبر الجبل بطريق متعرج (زكزاك)، وهو طريق رئيسي تستخدمه السيارات وشاحنات النفط. يتعرض هذا الطريق الى مخاطر حركة المواد (MASS WASTING ) بأنواع عديدة في أماكن عديدة إلا أن أكثرها خطرا هي الحركات التي يتعرض لها الطريق في جزئه العلوي، حيث تميل الطبقات الصخرية بزاوية كبيرة تصل الى أكثر من (60 درجة) وباتجاه انحدار الجبل ومجاورة الطريق من الجهة الأخرى للوادي وبانحدار يصل الى ( 8- 14 ْ). يتعرض هذا …

Bankruptcy Overload, Laura N. Coordes

Georgia Law Review

The bankruptcy system is overloaded. Those who use it, whether debtors or non-debtors, frequently seek to extract more out of a bankruptcy than the process can, practically and legally, provide. The goals and boundaries of bankruptcy law have always been subject to debate, making the system particularly susceptible to taking on more than it can bear. This Article defines and explains the concept of bankruptcy overload, illustrating that many of the problems currently plaguing the bankruptcy system derive from overloading it. In addition, although overloading the system may create problems in individual cases, this Article shows that bankruptcy overload is …

How Antitrust Failed Workers By Eric A. Posner, Maria Arabella M. Robles

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

IN RECENT YEARS, GROWING ECONOMIC INEQUALITY and anxieties about market power, monopolization, and other such concerns have rejuvenated competition and antitrust law and policy. It is well known that antitrust enhances competition by addressing issues of monopolization, price-fixing arrangements, and cartels, among other anticompetitive practices in markets. This allows dynamic competition to flourish in markets and ensures that consumers are provided with competitive prices and product choices. Although the negative impacts of market concentration are frequently recognized in the context of product markets, its impact on labour markets and the workers therein have largely been unexplored until recently. Professor Eric …

Twenty-First Century Colonization Is Not A Good Policy Decision, Ellen Elizabeth Scott

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Harvestable Metadata Services Development: Analysis Of Use Cases From The World Data System, Robert R. Downs, Alicia Urquidi Díaz, Qi Xu, Juanle Wang, Aude Chambodut, Chuang Liu, Simon Flower, Karen Payne

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Minimally, a research data repository exists to make a collection of data assets available to potential users. If a dataset cannot be discovered and found, it cannot be reused (Garnett et al. 2017). Harvestable metadata catalogues are a key strategy for achieving greater global findability of data assets, as they create a surveyable access point to discover data products within large data collections. Such catalogues can be especially effective if they are tailored for interoperability with feature-rich infrastructures (e.g. meta-catalogues, see Kapiszewski & Karcher 2020; CRFCB 2014) that are highly visible and widely used, and also themselves integrated within the …

Transnational Insights For Climate Litigation At The European Court Of Human Rights: A South-North Perspective In Pursuit Of Climate Justice, Melanie Murcott, Maria Antonia Tigre, Nesa Zimmermann

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

The global climate crisis is increasingly recognised as an issue of climate injustice, including because it is causing (and worsening) inequalities and human rights violations. Moreover, responsibility for emissions and vulnerability to climate impacts are not evenly distributed. They vary among and within states. In order to tackle these issues of justice both within and among states, litigants have taken to domestic and regional courts to engage in climate litigation. A body of transnational climate jurisprudence is emerging in which courts are increasingly looking to laws beyond their relevant state or region, engaging with the moral aims of human rights …

"Knock-Knock" ... "Who's There?": The Fourth Amendment Dilemma Posed By Warrantless Police Encounters At Home, Meg Penrose

Faculty Scholarship

In a world where police abuses of power seem more common, where are the judges-particularly the originalist judges-who strive to protect the Founder's intentions? How is it that people living in certain states seemingly have less robust Fourth Amendment protections than others? This essay seeks to answer these questions and urges the Supreme Court to reassert its constitutional commitment to the Fourth Amendment so that all of us are, in fact, secure in our homes. The Court should accept the responsibility it has to provide uniform protection to all Americans and clarify the limits on constructive entry. If the Court …

Three Strategies For Improving Access To Civil Legal Assistance In South Carolina, Elizabeth Chambliss

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

An Old Illness: How The United States Uses Racist And Xenophobic Ideas About Disease To Exclude Haitian Migrants During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Mcconnville

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

The Irrationality Of Child Support Enforcement In The United States: Harming Children And Punishing The Poor, Hannah Pitcher

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

You Gotta Serve Somebody - Shareholders Vs Stakeholders And The Corporate Enterprise View Of Corporate Governance, Neil Taylor

UC Law Business Journal

No abstract provided.

Modelling Climate Litigation Risk For (Re)Insurers, Martin Lockman

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

In response to the growing threat of climate change, the insurance industry has made significant investments in modelling and quantifying physical climate risks. However, the emerging risk of climate litigation has proven particularly difficult to model. In 2015 Mark Carney, then-Governor of the Bank of England and Chairman of the Financial Stability Board, warned that climate litigation poses “long-tail risks” for insurers that may be “significant, uncertain and non-linear.” Since that warning, the number of climate-related cases has more than doubled, and the scope and financial significance of climate litigation has become increasingly clear. However, insurers and regulators still struggle …

Using State Law To Enforce "Affirmatively Further" Fair Housing Obligations: No Longer Fitting A Square Peg In A Round Hole, Andrew Darcy

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

The Drug Policy Reform Act: Analyzing The Potential Future Of United States Federal Drug Policy, Justin Danziger

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Annotated Legal Bibliography

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.