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Reconfiguring Civil Society Organization Governance Models For Social Inclusion And Sustainable Innovation: Practical Contributions Of The Tamuri Programme, Oussama El Hadfi, Mostafa Kharbachi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Today, civil society organizations (CSOs) play a decisive role in promoting social innovation and reducing inequalities, particularly in disadvantaged territories. Aware of their potential, several support and guidance schemes have emerged to strengthen their impact. The Tamuri programme, led by the Moroccan Center for Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship (MCISE) and co-funded by the European Union, is part of this dynamic through structured and personalized support for CSOs from diverse territorial contexts. Despite these efforts, many organizations still face difficulties related to governance, financial structuring and the sustainability of their actions. This article aims to analyze, through an empirical approach and …

Comparative Approach To Inclusion Models In Social Policies In Mena Countries, Taoufik El Idrissi, Omar Raji, Zouhir Tassi, Anas Ouachani

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Social inclusion policies in Global South countries vary widely according to political choices, historical contexts and development models. This paper provides a comparative analysis of inclusion models in social policies in the MENA region, drawing on human development theories and comparative institutionalism. It discusses three main paradigms: universalist inclusion, targeted inclusion and capacity-based inclusion. The analysis shows how inclusion logics are shaped by international agendas, internal political configurations and interactions between civil society and public actors. It also highlights the strengths and limits of each model in reducing social inequalities and opens a discussion on hybrid, locally grounded inclusive policies.

Editorial : Rethinking Public Policies And Management Practices Through The Lens Of Inclusion And Social Innovation, Fatima Zahra Alami, Adil Cherkaoui, Abdellatif Komat, Raja Temnati

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This editorial introduces a special issue of the Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management (REMADEG) devoted to selected contributions from the international conference “Rethinking Public Policies and Management Practices through the Lens of Inclusion and Social Innovation”, held on 13–14 February 2026 at the Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences of Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca. It presents the scientific context of the issue, the rigorous double-blind review process, and the main themes addressed by the eleven selected articles, including financial inclusion, social responsibility, public policy, social entrepreneurship, governance, territorial development and the inclusion of vulnerable …

The Impact Of International Organizations On The Development And Enforcement Of International Humanitarian Law, Mubeen Majid Jaber

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The struggle for survival and human dignity continues in Syria, Yemen, and Ukraine amid ongoing armed conflicts, while international organizations seek to uphold International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In many instances, the enforcement of humanitarian law falls short of established standards. Organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the International Criminal Court (ICC) play vital roles in promoting and implementing humanitarian principles and protecting human rights. However, their effectiveness often depends on political cooperation and the existence of conditions conducive to peace. This study examines selected case studies to evaluate how political …

Institutionalizing The Trade-Labor Nexus, Yueming Yan

Michigan Journal of International Law

While scholars have extensively explored the evolution of labor provisions in trade agreements, less attention has been paid to the institutional mechanisms that operationalize these provisions. This article addresses this gap by offering a comparative analysis of labor compliance models that are emerging across jurisdictions.

Recognizing that no institutional design is without trade-offs, this article applies the theory of comparative institutional analysis to evaluate existing models—not by asking whether they are (in)effective in the abstract, but: (in)effective compared to what? Specifically, it examines the strengths and limitations of various institutional mechanisms using benchmarks that matter to policymakers, including procedural efficiency, …

A Language Model’S Capability To Make Reasoned Decisions In Administrative Law, Robert Diab

Dalhousie Law Journal

This paper calls into question a common set of assumptions about the use of artificial intelligence in administrative law in Canada. While some assume that AI (AI) may be useful for assisting a decision-maker where core rights are affected, the prevailing view is that it cannot be relied upon to make final decisions, due mainly to functional limitations: AI cannot give reasons and its outcomes are fraught with bias and opacity that cannot be overcome. The prevailing view, however, took shape in response to earlier, more limited forms of AI. Large language models can be used in a way that …

Privacy, Paternalism, And Standing In Health Professions Regulation, Anthony Sangiuliano

Dalhousie Law Journal

When investigating whether a doctor has behaved unethically while treating a patient, professional regulatory colleges may search patients’ confidential medical records without patients’ consent. I argue that this practice is not paternalistic, nor does it usurp patients’ standing to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their privacy to hold the doctor to account for professional wrongdoing. College investigations that non-consensually invade patient privacy do not express disrespect for patients’ agency because they aim to mitigate harm to the broader public. Unlike criminal prosecutions of doctors which uphold moral values pervading the public at large, college investigations enforce ethical standards within …

Litigating The Youth Mental Health Crisis: Mechanisms To Regulate Addictive Social Media Design, Talia Elliott

Washington and Lee Law Review

While social media offers real benefits to users, such as providing access to information and facilitating the free exchange of ideas, excessive social media use is associated with increases in anxiety, depression, and other serious mental-health harms. Social media platforms are designed to maximize profit by capturing user attention, resulting in interfaces that are dangerously addictive and prone to exposing users to harmful content. Currently, social media users alone bear the burden of navigating the dangers of social media. This is untenable. Young users, whose less developed brains leave them more vulnerable to addictive design features, find self-regulation especially challenging. …

Deporting Disability, Tania N. Valdez

Utah Law Review

Since the enactment of the earliest migration laws in the United States, people with disabilities have been targeted for exclusion and expulsion based on stereotypes that they are either dangerous or not productive. Although some of the pejorative language regarding disability in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) has changed over time, certain statutory provisions and the very structure of the INA still allow ableism to operate broadly in immigration adjudications. This Article focuses on the subtle, but pervasive, ways that immigration law disfavors noncitizens with disabilities. In particular, this Article examines ableism in the context of removal (commonly known …

Learning From Lochner: When Children Are Harmed By Technological Revolutions, Brooke Hodson Davies

Utah Law Review

Drawing on parallels from child labor reform in the Second Industrial Revolution, this Note argues that stopping Big Tech’s harm to children in the Fourth Industrial Revolution requires Congressional legislation and judicial avoidance of Lochnerian approaches to the Constitution. Like its Big Business predecessors, today Big Tech maximizes profits by harming kids, necessitating government intervention of this market failure. Despite noble attempts, state-based efforts have been rendered relatively ineffective due to legislative non-uniformity, interstate competition, and enforcement limitations. Likewise, federal regulations currently in place fall short and even shield Big Tech from liability. Consequently, Congressional action is urgently needed. Critically, …

The Contested Contingent Constitution: Plutocrats, Right-Wing Populists, And Labor Rights In The U.S., Kate Andrias

Faculty Scholarship

Constitutional labor rights have long been negligible in the United States. Now, with the ascendance of Donald Trump’s right-wing authoritarianism, even statutory labor rights are under threat. Yet there is an apparent paradox: While the Trump Administration seeks to declare the NLRB unconstitutional and has decimated federal workers’ rights, Trump’s “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) movement rose to power in part by invoking the plight of the American worker. The more populist wing of the American Right does not expressly challenge the constitutionality of labor law. Indeed, some right-wing populists urge an expansion of labor rights, emphasizing such goals as …

Pragmatic Conceptualism, Public Nuisance, And The American Opioid Litigation, Benjamin C. Zipursky

Washington and Lee Law Review

Public nuisance as a part of American tort law has been as high profile in the first decades of this century as products liability law was in the last several decades of the twentieth century. The American opioid litigation over the past decades is a spectacular example, filling headlines and generating billions of dollars of settlements. There is a plausible argument, however, that the doctrinal core of the opioid litigation is meritless because there simply is no “interference with public right” as required by public nuisance law. The first aim of this Article is to articulate and assess that argument. …

Mapping Minority Investigative Powers In Congress, David Rapallo

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

“Shut down the Senate . . .” “Roll over and play dead . . .” In the first hundred days of President Donald Trump’s second term, these were the rallying cries of two far ends of a debate among Democrats about how to respond to the administration’s unprecedented actions. This debate, which rages on today, has been marked by a lack of specificity about the various oversight tools available to members of the minority party in Congress, particularly when they investigate whether the Executive Branch is faithfully executing the laws Congress passes. Scholarship too has focused little on the full …

Classical Liberalism And Property, Thomas W. Merrill

Faculty Scholarship

Classical liberalism is characterized by several key attributes. Its central normative criterion is the well‑being of the individual, not some aggregate like society or the nation‑state. Individuals are presumptively regarded as responsible actors, capable of judging their own best interests and accountable for their actions that interfere with the well‑being of others. Because individuals are presumptively regarded as responsible actors, there is a strong preference for imposing only minimal obligations on them through the power of the state, and these usually involve general negative duties that are universal in character, chiefly to forbear from using force or fraud to interfere …

Free Expression And Civil Rights On Campus: Consistency And The Kant-Rawls Heuristic, David M. Schizer

Faculty Scholarship

Universities learned hard lessons in the months after Hamas attacked Israel on October 7. 2023. This painful and challenging time highlighted the urgent need to pursue two critical goals, which sometimes are in tension with each other. First, universities have to protect academic freedom and free expression. This is their life blood. Second, universities also have to honor their legal and moral obligation to combat discrimination, including antisemitism.

Yet this is easier said than done. Protecting free expression means allowing speech that is controversial and even offensive. But this speech can contribute to a hostile environment. So, in seeking both …

Operational Agency: A Permeable Legal Fiction For Tracing Culpability In Ai Systems, Anirban Mukherjee, Hannah H. Chang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems act with a high degree of independence yet lack legal personhood—a paradox that fractures doctrines grounded in human-centric notions of mens rea and actus reus. This Article introduces Operational Agency (OA)—a permeable legal fiction structured as an ex post evidentiary framework—and Operational Agency Graph (OAG)—a tool for mapping causal interactions among human actors, organizations, and AI systems. OA evaluates an AI’s observable operational characteristics: its goal-directedness (as a proxy for intent), predictive processing (as a proxy for foresight), and safety architecture (as a proxy for standard of care). OAG operationalizes that analysis by embedding these …

Public, Private, Acquired, Alexander I. Platt, Matthew T. Wansley

Articles

For the last quarter-century, IPOs have been declining. SEC officials usually attribute the decline to startups’ choices to stay private. But that explanation is incomplete. As startups grow, they face a three-way choice between going public, staying private, and being acquired, and they have increasingly chosen the third option. In this Essay, we show how securities regulation pushes startups towards acquisitions by increasing the cost of raising capital and accessing liquidity in both public and private markets. We consider how the trend towards acquisitions could reduce competition, innovation, opportunities for diversification, and transparency. And we offer suggestions for how the …

Co-Matching: Towards Human–Model Collaborative Legal Case Matching, Chen Huang, Xinwei Yang, Yang Deng, Wenqiang Lei, Jiancheng Lv, Tat-Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent efforts have aimed to improve AI models in legal case matching by integrating legal domain knowledge. However, successful legal case matching requires the tacit knowledge of legal practitioners, which is difficult to verbalize and encode into models. This emphasizes the crucial role of involving legal practitioners in high-stakes legal case matching. To address this, we propose a collaborative matching framework called Co-Matching, which encourages both the model and the legal practitioner to participate in the matching process, integrating tacit knowledge. Unlike existing methods that rely solely on the model, Co-Matching allows both the legal practitioner and the model to …

The Limits Of Disclosure: Artificial Intelligence, Arbitration, And The Illusion Of Informed Consent, Rishi Batra

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Consider the following scenario: A warehouse worker brings a wage and hour claim against her employer under her state's labor code. Her employment contract, which she signed on her first day of work, contains a mandatory arbitration clause that she did not negotiate, did not fully read, and — like most employees in her situation — did not fully understand. An arbitrator is appointed, a hearing is held, and an award is issued in the employer's favor several weeks later, denying the employee's claims entirely. The award is well-organized and internally consistent, addressing each of the worker's claims with what …

A Decade Of Change: Technology’S Impact On Negotiation Deepens In The Age Of Ai, Noam Ebner

Journal of Dispute Resolution

When people consider the notion of negotiation changing, they tend to look first toward that magnificent negotiation construct, “the table.” Here are some immediately apparent areas of table-novelty: • There is often a screen on our table, rather than another person sitting across from us. • The table we “go” to negotiate at is not in our office or that of our counterpart; rather, it is a communications system such as email or an online platform developed by a third-party provider. • The table, in its online-platform form, sometimes structures process and facilitates communication in ways that our trusty old …

The Life And Work Of Odr Visionary And Architect Colin Rule (So Far), John Lande

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Many people know Colin Rule as a pioneer of online dispute resolution. Fewer people probably appreciate the full breadth of his contributions over the last three decades. This article reviews Rule’s work as a builder of dispute resolution systems, writer, educator, entrepreneur, and institutional leader. It highlights recurring themes in his career and scholarship, including trust, fairness, usability, access to justice, and the need to keep human judgment at the center of technological innovation.

Cooling Conflict: Embedding Mediation Protocols In Data Center Land Sale Contracts, Allison Elias

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Imagine a two-thousand-acre plot of land in rural Louisiana being leveled to accommodate a 10 billion dollar data center. With the construction of this data center comes the destruction of a region inhabited by rich plant and animal life as well as 80,000 residents, a quarter of whom live below the poverty line. Alternatively, think of a $750 million data center being built next door to your home, causing sediment build-up in your water supply, water scarcity, light pollution, and destruction of neighboring forests. Unfortunately, one does not have to imagine these scenarios. Both stories come directly from recent news …

Reports Of Legal Writing’S Death Are Greatly Exaggerated: Why Generative Ai Will Not Kill The Craft, Jayne T. Woods

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In preparing for this essay, I typed the phrase “legal writing is” into Google to see how common searches finished the thought. The only completed thought to appear was “legal writing is hard.” Amen. Legal writing is an amalgamation of logical reasoning, cognitive psychology, classical rhetoric, legal terminology, legal citation, and proper grammar and style, all of which must result in a product accessible to readers of all education levels. When generative AI arrived, producing cogent, plausible legal prose in seconds, it led many to believe that writing, generally, and legal writing, specifically, had reached the end of days.

Mirror, Mirror On My Screen, Can You Feel Like A Human Being?, Lauren A. Newell

Journal of Dispute Resolution

We cannot go anywhere without encountering artificial intelligence (AI) these days. AI has infiltrated our phones, our cars, and our washing machines. It is with us in doctors’ offices, at the drive-through, and at sporting events. It has taken over our calendars and our inboxes and our videoconferences, and it would like to help us brush our teeth, too.

Beyond City Limits: Access To Adr And Child Client-Directed Counsel In Missouri’S Rural Family Courts, Reghan Matlock

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Reba McEntire once sang, “Don’t trust your soul to no backwoods southern lawyer”—a warning that still echoes in today’s debates about rural justice and representation. The catchy murder ballad captures a story driven by dramatic family ties and a broken justice system. While the song exaggerates for effect, it taps into a realistic concern: an existing divide in access to justice between rural and urban communities. This divide impacts all areas of law, including family law—where concerns about confidentiality and privacy are heightened because small communities make it difficult to shield sensitive matters from public view. The divide is troubling, …

Reforming Mediation: The Hidden Inequities Shaped By Race, Gender, And Power, Victoria Seever

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Courts and policymakers often promote family dispute resolution as a faster, less adversarial alternative to traditional litigation. Yet for many women of color, the mediation table often replicates the same racial and gender power imbalances that the legal system claims to mitigate. Family Dispute Resolution (“FDR”) often fails women of color by reinforcing racialized and gendered power imbalances. Alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”), especially mediation, presents both an opportunity and a risk in divorce, custody, and intimate partner violence (“IPV”) cases. IPV cases become especially difficult with the various laws in different states that govern how mediation should be used and …

Learning By Writing: Exploring Authentic Legal Learning Through Case Summaries, Ee-Ing Ong, Wei Yang Quek, Duan Ning, Magdeleine Lew

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

We use authentic learning as a pedagogical framework in a collaboration between our law school and the national Supreme Court of a Southeast Asian country, which facilitates law students’ development of their legal analytical and writing skills, and helps them better bridge the gap between existing legal curricula and the needs of legal practice. Akin to a writing apprenticeship, students write summaries on selected Supreme Court judgments, with their output reviewed by faculty as well as judicial law clerks from the court. The results are published on the court’s website and circulated to other stakeholders. In the post-exercise survey, participating …

คำเสนอปิดผนึกเพื่อประนอมข้อพิพาทในการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศ (Sealed Offer In International Arbitration), Suwit Suwan

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

คำชี้ขาดที่เกิดจากกระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศมักจะลงท้ายด้วยส่วนที่เป็นประกาศิต 2 ส่วน ส่วนแรกเป็นคำชี้ขาดที่ว่าด้วยจำนวนค่าเสียหาย ค่าสินไหมทดแทนที่ฝ่ายแพ้คดีจะต้องชำระหรือใช้คืนให้แก่ฝ่ายชนะคดีหรือปฏิบัติการชำระหนี้รูปแบบอื่นให้แก่ฝ่ายที่ชนะคดี รวมเรียกว่าเป็นคำชี้ขาดในเนื้อความแห่งคดี ส่วนที่สองเป็นคำชี้ขาดในเรื่องค่าใช้จ่ายซึ่งมักกำหนดจำนวนค่าใช้จ่ายในการอนุญาโตตุลาการที่ฝ่ายแพ้คดีต้องชำระหรือใช้คืนให้แก่ฝ่ายชนะคดี เรียกว่าคำชี้ขาดในส่วนค่าใช้จ่าย ค่าใช้จ่ายในการอนุญาโตตุลาการมีจำนวนสูงขึ้นอย่างสม่ำเสมอ แม้ว่าเทคโนโลยีจะได้รับการพัฒนาให้ก้าวหน้าอย่างต่อเนื่องและมีการนำเอาเทคโนโลยีมาใช้ในกระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการอย่างกว้างขวางก็ตาม คู่พิพาทฝ่ายที่แพ้คดีอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศนอกจากต้องแบกรับภาระค่าใช้จ่ายของตนแล้วยังจะถูกบังคับโดยคำชี้ขาดให้เข้ารับภาระหรือชดใช้ค่าใช้จ่ายของฝ่ายที่ชนะคดีด้วย ทั้งนี้เป็นไปตามหลักเกณฑ์ที่ว่า “Costs follow the event” หรือ “ผู้แพ้เป็นผู้รับผิดชอบค่าใช้จ่าย” ที่ถือปฏิบัติกันอยู่ในวงการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศ หลักเกณฑ์นี้กำเนิดขึ้นในประเทศอังกฤษ ต่อมาถูกนำไปใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายทั่วโลกทั้งในประเทศคอมมอนลอว์และประเทศซิวิลลอว์ คู่พิพาทที่หวั่นวิตกว่าจะต้องรับภาระค่าใช้จ่ายที่สูงลิ่วหากตนตกเป็นฝ่ายแพ้คดี สามารถนำเอาวิธีการยื่นคำเสนอปิดผนึกเพื่อประนอมข้อพิพาทมาใช้เป็นเครื่องมือจำกัดหรือลดค่าใช้จ่ายดังกล่าว หลักปฏิบัติในเรื่องการทำคำเสนอปิดผนึกเพื่อประนอมข้อพิพาทถือเป็นเรื่องใหม่สำหรับประเทศไทย ผู้เขียนมีความประสงค์ที่จะนำเสนอหลักกฎหมายและประเพณีปฏิบัติในเรื่องดังกล่าวที่แพร่หลายอยู่ในสถาบันอนุญาโตตุลาการหลักของโลกให้ผู้ประกอบธุรกิจและนักกฎหมายไทยได้รับทราบและนำไปใช้ให้เป็นประโยชน์หากต้องเข้าไปเกี่ยวพันกับการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างประเทศ

ภาษีทรัมป์กับองค์การการค้าโลก: ระบบการค้าเสรีแบบพหุภาคีล่มสลายแล้ว? (Trump Tariffs And The World Trade Organization: Has The Multilateral Free Trade System Collapsed?), Sakda Thanitcul

Chulalongkorn University Law Journal

แม้ว่าองค์การการค้าโลกจะไม่สามารถทำอะไรกับภาษีทรัมป์ได้และปล่อยให้สหรัฐอเมริกาขึ้นอัตราภาษีกับประเทศคู่ค้า 59 ประเทศ ในรูปแบบการเจรจาแบบทวิภาคีก็ตาม แต่ระบบการค้าเสรีแบบพหุภาคีก็อาจยังไม่ถึงขั้นล่มสลาย เนื่องจากเหตุผลสองประการ ประการแรก คือ ประเทศคู่ค้า (ยกเว้นจีนและแคนาดา) ไม่ได้ขึ้นอัตราภาษีนำเข้าตอบโต้และสัดส่วนการค้าของสหรัฐอเมริกาในการค้าโลกคิดเป็นเพียงร้อยละ 11 เท่านั้น ประการที่สอง คือ ภาษีทรัมป์ที่มีพื้นฐานแนวคิดของลัทธิกีดกันทางการค้ามีความขัดแย้งอย่างมากกับแนวคิดพื้นฐานของเศรษฐศาสตร์กระแสหลักที่เชื่อในการค้าเสรีแบบพหุภาคี ทำให้เชื่อได้ว่าภาษีทรัมป์จะไม่ยั่งยืนตลอดไป อย่างไรก็ตาม มี “การแตกร้าว” ในระบบการค้าเสรีแบบพหุภาคีที่มีองค์การการค้าโลกเป็นผู้กำกับดูแลและบริหารกฎเกณฑ์ กล่าวคือ การไม่มีผู้ตัดสินในองค์กรอุทธรณ์ ส่งผลให้กลไกการระงับข้อพิพาทขององค์การการค้าโลกกลายเป็นอัมพาตและสหรัฐอเมริกาเป็นประเทศเดียวที่มีสถานะเหนือประเทศสมาชิกอื่น ๆ อีก 165 ประเทศ เนื่องจากเป็นสมาชิกประเทศเดียวในองค์การการค้าโลกที่สามารถกำหนดอัตราภาษีนำเข้าได้ตามอำเภอใจโดยอ้างเหตุผลด้านความมั่นคงของชาติ

Women’S Participation In Middle Eastern Politics: Between Cultural Norms And Democratic Aspirations, Siham Abidi, Thomas Sheku Marah

Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies

Women’s political participation in the Middle East remains shaped by the complex interaction of cultural norms, religious interpretations, and democratic reform processes. While existing scholarship has examined these factors extensively, limited attention has been devoted to explaining why women’s political participation varies across states with broadly similar socio-cultural and religious contexts. This study addresses this gap through a qualitative comparative analysis of Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Guided by Feminist Institutionalism and Political Opportunity Structure theory, the study draws on secondary data from peer-reviewed literature, legal documents, and policy reports. The findings demonstrate that women’s political participation is not determined …