Digital Commons Network^™

Law, Power, And "Rumors Of War": Robert Jackson Confronts Law And Security After Nuremberg, Mary L. Dudziak

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Gacaca Experiment: Rwanda's Restorative Dispute Resolution Response To The 1994 Genocide, Jessica Raper

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

Since its rise to power in July of 1994, the Rwandan government has been committed to prosecuting all those accused of genocide. To prosecute the approximately 130,000 defendants, Rwanda has adopted a program called gacaca, based on Rwanda's traditional customary dispute resolution system. The gacaca law provides a reconciliation component that allows defendants to trade confessions of past genocide crimes for indemnification, as well as a prosecution component that holds the most serious offenders accountable in a Western style prosecution in a formal court of law. One of the main goals of gacaca is to end the so-called "culture …

Negotiating With Deity: Strategies And Influences Related To Recent North Korean Negotiating Behavior , Jesse D. Steele

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

As images of nuclear missiles flash across television screens and news reports containing indiscernible Asian writing warn of conflict on the other side of the world, this article addresses one of the single greatest threats to global stability-the North Korean Nuclear Weapons Crisis-and assesses the negotiation strategies that have brought the world to its current situation. By looking at the historical negotiation tactics that have been utilized by each of the parties involved, particularly in light of societal norms and cultural influences, one can ascertain a great deal of insight regarding each party's respective strategies and objectives. This insight gleaned …

Introduction: Targeting In An Asymmetrical World, D. A. Jeremy Telman

Law Faculty Publications

This is the introduction to a collection of articles to be published in the Valparaiso University Law Review. The articles address the challenges presented by non-traditional warfare and non-traditional combatants in the contexts of the War on Terror and the trend toward multilateral and humanitarian interventions. Two of the contributions, those of Jonathan Hafetz and David Frakt, detail the hybrid model, part criminal law, part law of war, that the United States developed for addressing the status of detainees in the War on Terror. Two of the contributions, those of Rachel VanLandingham and Iain Pedden, propose international models for addressing …

The Anti-Shari'a Movement And Oklahoma's Save Our State Amendment-Unconstitutional Discrimination Or Homeland Security?, Robert E. Michael

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Legislation by statute or state constitutional amendment prohibiting the application in state courts of an ill defined "Shariah Law" and/or "international law" has passed or is in the process in over twenty states.'

Nuclear Disarmament And The United Nations Disarmament Machinery, Alicia Godsberg

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The United Nations (U.N.) was formed as World War II was ending with the lofty goal of preventing the scourge of war from ever again engulfing the world in global conflict.

Property Of Self-Defense Targetings Of Members Of Al Qaeda And Applicable Principles Of Distinction And Proportionality, Jordan J. Paust

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The United States has engaged in the targeted killing of certain members of al Qaeda both within the theatre of an actual war in Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan, and outside the theatre of war as a matter of self-defense in areas such as Yemen, including the killing of United States national Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen on September 30, 2011.'

“Injustice Anywhere Is A Threat To Justice Everywhere” Internal Vs. International Armed Conflicts: Should The Distinction Be Eliminated?, Laura Chafey

University of Baltimore Journal of International Law

This article discusses international humanitarian law, particularly the Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols. It analyzes the rights of protected persons under the Geneva Conventions, such as prisoners of war and civilians, as well as the obligations of States during armed conflicts. Furthermore, the article points out the flaws in the Geneva Conventions, such as the discrepancy between the obligations of States during an international armed conflict vs. during an internal armed conflicts. It argues that this distinction between international and internal armed conflicts should be eliminated and that States’ obligations should be the same for both conflicts.

Targeted Killing At A Distance: Robotics And Self-Defense, Wayne Mccormack

Global Business & Development Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Nonjusticiability Of Palestine: Human Rights Litigation And The (Mis)Application Of The Political Question Doctrine, Gwynne Skinner

UC Law SF International Law Review

The Political Question Doctrine is a problematic and an often misused doctrine that prevents courts from fulfilling their Article III responsibilities. Nowhere is this misuse more prevalent than in human rights cases involving Palestine, and in particular, human rights cases alleging misconduct by the Israeli government or officials. This Article discusses in detail courts' decisions regarding the Political Question Doctrine raised in human rights litigation, and analyzes courts' decisions in such cases involving Palestine. It notes the stark difference in both outcome and analysis regarding cases against the PLO, Arab Bank, or others acting in Palestinian interests - all of …

Transforming Accountability: A Proposal For Reconsidering How Human Rights Obligations Are Applied To Private Military Security Firms, Lauren Groth

UC Law SF International Law Review

This Article argues that there is an [a]ccountability gap within the legal frameworks that apply to private military security contractors (PMSCs) that has led to widespread impunity and human rights violations. Recent legal efforts to address the problem have been unsuccessful because they fail to consider and reflect the larger transformations taking place in international relations. This failure is, in essence, the [A]ccountability gap: international law no longer accurately reflects the nature of the realities it is meant to regulate, allowing those organizations which now hold power in global politics, yet are unrecognized by international law, to escape accountability. Thus, …

Law Of The Sea And Lng: Cross-Border Law And Politics Over Head Harbor Passage, The, James Kraska

Canada-United States Law Journal

No abstract provided.

International Legal Updates, Anna Naimark, Christina Fetterhoff, Kyle Bates, Saralyn Salisbury, Rachael Curtis, Thais-Lyn Trayer

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Traditions Of Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention In Historical And Theoretical Context, Sam Foster Halabi

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

10 Years After 9/11: And Still Fighting Newwars With Old Weaponswhy And How The Geneva Conventions Mustbe Amended To Cover Al Qaeda, Dominic Hoerauf

American University National Security Law Brief

No abstract provided.

Smart Power For Hard Problems: The Role Of Special Operation Forces Strengthening The Rule Of Law And Human Rights In Africa, Kevin H. Govern

University of Baltimore Journal of International Law

This article will assess the roles and responsibilities of Special Operations Forces (SOF) within the newly created U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) as an active proponent of a so-called “smart power” national security strategy. In particular, it will outline the economic, political, and military challenges faced in Africa; specifically, how and why SOCAFRICA is the U.S. force of choice for promoting human rights and rule of law in Africa. With the goals of the U.S. military in mind, questions will necessarily arise as to “what success looks like” for both the U.S. and African nations, and the roles of each in …

Defending Blasphemy: Exploring Religious Expression Under Ireland's Blasphemy Law, Katherine A. E. Jacob

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

Note of the Year.

Hungdah Chiu, China, And International Law: A Life Well Spent, Jerome A. Cohen

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

China's "Attitude" Toward Human Rights: Reading Hungdah Chiu In The Era Of The Iraq War, Dongsheng Zang

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Full Story Of U.S. V. Smith, America’S Most Important Piracy Case, Joel H. Samuels

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Comments: The Scarlett Letter "T": The Tier Iii Terrorist Classification's Inconsistent And Ineffectual Effects On Asylum Relief For Members And Supporters Of Pro-Democratic Groups, Daniella Pozzo Darnell

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Recruitment And Use Of Child Pirates As Crimes Against Humanity, Maura Finn

War Crimes Memoranda

advised/reviewed by Laurie Blank

Persuading To Comply: On The Deployment And Avoidance Of Legal Argumentation, Steven Ratner

Book Chapters

For those international actors seeking to promote respect for international law, persuasion -- the process of social interaction whereby one actor seeks to convince another to believe or do something through principled rational arguments and interactions, without any overt coercion -- is at the core of the enterprise. Yet the scholarship in international law and international relations is woefully thin on the content of such a communication of persuasion, and, in particular, on the role of legal argumentation. This paper constructs a theoretical model for determining when and how international actors deploy legal argumentation in contrast to other arguments that …

The Evolution Of Law And Policy For Cia Targeted Killing, Afsheen John Radsan

Faculty Scholarship

Many critiques of the Central Intelligence Agency’s alleged use of killer drones depend on law that does not bind the United States or on contestable applications of uncertain facts to vague law. While acknowledging a blurry line between law and policy, we continue to develop a due process for targeted killing. In the real world, intelligence is sometimes faulty, mistakes occur, and peaceful civilians are at risk. International humanitarian law, which applies during armed conflicts, demands very little in the way of process beyond the admonition to take feasible precautions. Even so, the intelligence-driven nature of targeted killing, and the …

Painting Ourselves Into A Corner: The Fundamental Paradoxes Of Modern Warfare In Al Maqaleh V. Gates, Ashley C. Nikkel

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Traditions And Belligerent Recognition: The Libyan Intervention In Historical And Theoretical Context, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

On February 26 and March 17, 2011, the U.N. Security Council adopted two resolutions authorizing sanctions, referral to the International Criminal Court and military intervention to protect civilians during the Libyan Civil War. Despite these rapid and well-supported interventions, France decided, on March 10, 2011, to recognize the largely anonymous and poorly understood National Transitional Council based in the eastern city of Benghazi as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people. The move both confused its allies and raised a number of legal problems for France, Libya and participants in the multilateral intervention. Nevertheless, Italy, Qatar, the United States, the …

Sow What You Reap? Using Predator And Reaper Drones To Carry Out Assassinations Or Targeted Killings Of Suspected Islamic Terrorists, Thomas M. Mcdonnell

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article explores whether targeted killing of suspected Islamist terrorists comports with international law generally, whether any special rules apply in so-called “failed states,” and whether deploying attack drones poses special risks for the civilian population, for humanitarian and human rights law, and for the struggle against terrorism. Part I of this article discusses the Predator Drone and its upgraded version Predator B, the Reaper, and analyzes their technological capabilities and innovations. Part II discusses international humanitarian law and international human rights law as applied to a state’s targeting and killing an individual inside or outside armed conflict or in …

Beyond War: Bin Laden, Escobar, And The Justification Of Targeted Killing, Luis E. Chiesa, Alexander K.A. Greenawalt

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Using the May 2011 killing of Osama bin Laden as a case study, this Article contributes to the debate on targeted killing in two distinct ways, each of which has the result of downplaying the centrality of international humanitarian law (IHL) as the decisive source of justification for targeted killings.

First, we argue that the IHL rules governing the killing of combatants in wartime should be understood to apply more strictly in cases involving the targeting of single individuals, particularly when the targeting occurs against nonparadigmatic combatants outside the traditional battlefield. As applied to the bin Laden killing, we argue …

The South Of The North: Building On On Critical Approaches To International Law With Lessons From The Fourth World, Amar Bhatia

Articles & Book Chapters

As both practice and discipline, international law has been the subject of serious and sustained internal and external critiques since its inception. In fact, the "inception" of international law itself has been the subject of serious and sustained critique for some time now. This debate is of special relevance for Indigenous peoples, most of whom suffer from a double burden in international law, as they are neither Europeans nor dominant political actors within the states whose borders now contain and divide their traditional territories. Apart from the changing role, place, and agency of Indigenous peoples in international law and fora …

Recognition Of Palestinian Statehood: A Clarification Of The Interests Of The Concerned Parties, Winston P. Nagan, Aitza M. Haddad

UF Law Faculty Publications

This paper reviews the history of the claims to statehood and sovereignty of the Palestinian people, from the period of the League of Nations mandate to the current move to secure UN approval of a Palestinian State. The article examines the claims to statehood in international law and examines the problem in the broader context of claims about human rights and humanitarian violations, the Israeli claims to security and legitimacy and the US claims for its mediation goal to ensure that the problem does not descend into a legal vacuum in which the fundamental interests of all parties in security …