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Lectins, El-Nasir Lalani, M Wells

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Modification Of Sand Fly Biting Behavior By Leishmania Leads To Increased Parasite Transmission, Raymond Beach, Gabriel Kjilu, Johannis Leeuwenberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

To attempt rodent-sand fly-rodent transmission of Leishmania major, laboratory-reared Phlebotomus doboscqi were fed on L. major-infected mice and then refed on uninfected mice 21 days later. Flies which refed either probed 1–2 times and took a full blood meal in less than 10 minutes or probed 3 or more times and took little or no blood during a period of 15 minutes or more. When dissected, 7 of 8 flies which experienced difficulty in obtaining a blood meal had flagellates in their cibaria, an observation supporting the hypothesis that parasites in this part of the alimentary canal modify normal …

Development And Life Cycles, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Embryological development and biology of the Acanthocephala occupied the attention of several early investigators. Most notable among these were Leuckart (1862), Schneider (1871), Hamann (1891 a) and Kaiser (1893). These works and others, including his own observations, were summarized by Meyer (1933) in the monograph celebrated by the present volume. For this reason findings of these early researchers are not discussed further, except to say that it would be difficult to find more elegant, detailed and correct studies of acanthocephalan ontogeny than those published by these pioneers.

Since Meyer's monograph, many studies have been published on most aspects of …

A List Of Records Of Freshwater Aspidogastrids (Trematoda) And Their Hosts In North America, Sherman S. Hendrix, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Raymond H. Hartenstine

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Published records for the six species of North American freshwater aspidogastrid trematodes from molluscs and vertebrates have been compiled, listing both hosts and localities for state or province. Seventeen new unionid mussel hosts (Bivalvia) are reported for Aspidogaster conchicola along with new state records for Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Virginia, and San Luis Potosi (Mexico); 12 new unionid host species for Cotylaspis insignis, with new state records for Arkansas, Delaware, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin; five new unionid hosts for Cotylogaster occidentalis, with new state records for Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, …

Nearshore Foodwebs And The Distribution Of Acanthocephalan Parasites In Antarctic Seabirds, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Field studies, in the vicinity of Palmer Station during the austral summer of 1982— 1983, yielded an extensive collection of acanthocephalans and other parasites from seabirds, fish and invertebrates. The continuing analysis of this material has resulted in the elucidation of factors that control the occurrence of Corynosoma spp. in Antarctic seabirds. Notably, the host-distribution of Corynosoma spp. suggested that these parasites were being acquired from piscine or possibly amphipod prey, generally in nearshore habitats.

Introduction [To Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Introduction to Biology of the Acanthocephala, edited by D.W.T. Crompton and Brent B. Nickol; Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Development And Life Cycles: [Chapter 8 In Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Gerald D. Schmidt, Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Embryological development and biology of the Acanthocephala occupied the attention of several early investigators. Most notable among these were Leuckart (1862), Schneider (1871), Hamann (1891a) and Kaiser (1893). These works and others, including his own observations, were summarized by Meyer (1933) in the monograph celebrated by the present volume. For this reason findings of these early researchers are not discussed further, except to say that it would be difficult to find more elegant, detailed and correct studies of acanthocephalan ontogeny than those published by these pioneers.

Since Meyer's monograph, many studies have been published on most aspects of the biology …

Epizootiology: [Chapter 9 In Biology Of The Acanthocephala], Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In practice, epizootiology deals with how parasites spread through host populations, how rapidly the spread occurs and whether or not epizootics result. Prevalence, incidence, factors that permit establishment of infection, host response to infection, parasite fecundity and methods of transfer are, therefore, aspects of epizootiology. Indeed, most aspects of a parasite could be related in sorne way to epizootiology, but many of these topics are best considered in other contexts. General patterns of transmission, adaptations that facilitate transmission, establishment of infection and occurrence of epizootics are discussed in this chapter.

When life cycles are unknown, little progress can be made …

The Pentastomid Sebekia Mississippiensis Sp. N. In The American Alligator And Other Hosts, Robin M. Overstreet, J. Teague Self, Kent A. Vliet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sebekia mississippiensis sp. n. is described from Alligator mississippiensis in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida. Closely related to S. oxycephala in South American crocodilians, it differs by having a smaller and less spinous hook shield, a broader base for the posterior extensions of the oral cadre. and a thinner and more delicate tegument. The male reproductive system differs somewhat from that described for other pentastomids. Nymphs parasitize several fishes as well as turtles, snakes, and mammals.

Effects Of Space Shuttle Exhaust Plumes On Gills Of Some Estuarine Fishes: A Light And Electron Microscopic Study, William E. Hawkins, Robin M. Overstreet, Mark J. Provancha

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first few launches of the space shuttle resulted in fish kills in a lagoon near the launch site. To study this phenomenon further, sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) were exposed to the exhaust plume in buckets placed near the launch site. An open bucket provided a full exposure, a partly closed one provided an intermediate exposure, and a closed one was the control. Three h after launch, the pH of the water from the full exposure had decreased from about 7 to about 3, Al and …

A New Gall-Forming Species Of Anguina Scopoli, 1777 (Nemata: Anguinidae) On Bluegrass, Poa Annua L., From The Coast Of California, I. Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Anguina pacificae n. sp. is described and illustrated from stem galls on bluegrass, Poa annua L., from golf courses along coastal California. The females are characterized by constrictions in the anterior and posterior connections of the isthmus with the respective parts of the esophagus, the long multicellular columella, and the sharply pointed tail tip. Males are dorsally curved after death; body width is increased markedly after 13 annuli in both sexes, and the tail is conical and with an acute terminus.

In Memoriam: Konstantin Minaevich Ryzhikov, 1912-1983, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary of Konstantin Minaevich Ryzhikov, 1912-1983.

Alcataenia Pygmaeus Sp. N. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) From The Whiskered Auklet, Aethia Pygmaea, In The Western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, With A Comment On The Genera Alcataenia And Rissotaenia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia pygmaeus sp. n. is described from whiskered auklets, Aethia pygmaea (Gmelin), from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It is distinguished from its congeners by the overall small size of the strobila and a combination of other characters. The rostellum is armed with 34-38 hooks that measure 41-49 µm in length. The cirrus sac is relatively short, 101-174 µm in length, and reaches or just crosses the poral osmoregulatory canals. There are 36-50 testes located entirely posterior to the female organs. The scolex is deeply embedded in the mucosal tissue of the duodenum of the host. This is the first …

Discobothrium Caribbensis Sp. N., A Lecanicephalidean Cestode From A Yellow-Spotted Stingray, Urolophus Jamaicensis, In Jamaica, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discobothrium caribbensis sp. n. (Lecanicephalidea) is described from the spiral valve of the yellow- spotted stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis from Jamaica. The new species is the only member of the genus described with four testes. It is most similar in number of testes to D. japonicum Yamaguti, 1934, which has six testes and a myzorhynchus. A myzorhynchus is absent in D. caribbensis.

Ultrastructure Of The Interface Between Stages Of Eimeria Funduli (Apicomplexa) And Hepatocytes Of The Longnose Killifish, Fundulus Similis, William E. Hawkins, John W. Fournie, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The interface between stages of Eimeria funduli and hepatocytes of the experimentally infected killifish Fundulus similis was studied ultrastructurally. Parasitophorous vacuoles (PV's) in which meronts, macrogamonts, and microgamonts developed were lined by an inner, smooth membrane and an outer, ribosome-studded membrane. The outer membrane bordered on the cytoplasm of the host cell, whereas the inner one limited the PV. The origins of these membranes have not been determined with certainty, but images were observed in which both membranes appeared to be continuous with the outer nuclear membrane of the host cell. Furthermore, the outer PV membrane was continuous with membranes …

The Taxonomic Status Of Echinococcus Cruzi Brumpt And Joyeux, 1924 (Cestoda: Taeniidae) From An Agouti (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) In Brazil, Robert L. Rausch, A. D'Alessandro, M. Ohbayashi

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Paratype material of Echinococcus cruzi Brumpt and Joyeux, 1924, described from an agouti, Dasyprocta leporina (L.), in Brazil, was compared with Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863), of which the larval stage occurs also in agoutis and other rodents in South America and Central America. Comparisons of the larval cestodes (metacestodes) showed that the rostellar hooks from protoscolices of the two taxa corresponded in form, and their slightly greater lengths in E. cruzi were considered to be of no taxonomic significance. They agreed as well in other morphological characteristics. Echinococcus cruzi was compared also with the other neotropical species, E. vogeli Rausch …

Review Of Concepts In Nematode Systematics: Proceedings Of An International Symposium Held Jointly With The Association Of Applied Biologists, By A.R. Stone, H.M. Platt, L.F. Khalil And D.L. Hawksworth (Academic Press, 1983), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Concepts in Nematode Systematics: Proceedings of an International Symposium held jointly with the Association of Applied Biologists, in Cambridge, September 2-4, 1981, by A.R. Stone, H.M. Platt, L.F. Khalil and D.L. Hawksworth (Academic Press, 1983).

Effect Of Membrane Filtration Of Antimalarial Drug Solutions On In Vitro Activity Against Plasmodium Falciparum, J. Kevin Baird, C. Lambros

United States Public Health Resources

Antimalarial activities ofchloroquine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, and quinine in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum were diminished as a consequence ofmembranefiltration. Filtered drug solutions gave ID₅₀ values up to 25-fold greater than those of non-filtered (ethanol-sterilized) drug solutions. Loss ofactivity byfiltration was overcome by increasing the drug concentration prior to filtration. Water solutions filtered through Millex-GSfilter units consistently showed an absorbance maximum at 277 nm, accompanied by a lesser peak at 225 nm. Water filtrates from Nucleopore and Millex-G Vfilters showed no absorbance at 277 nm and only slight absorbance was evidentfor the Gelmanfilter unit. Activity losses were attributed to extractable contaminating …

Myxomatosis In Western Australia, D R. King, S. H. Wheeler

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since myxomatosis was introduced to Western Australia in the early 1950s rabbit plagues have ceased. However, myxomatosis has not proven to be the whole answer to the rabit problem.

Rabits continue to damage crops and pastures in many areas and resurgences of rabbit populations are reported from time to time.

Drs D.R. King and S. H. Wheeler of the Agricultural Protection Board's research section have been studying the way myxomatosis epidemics occur and spread in rabbit populations in a range of Western Australian environments. This research will provide data for planning effective control strategies intergrating the various control options available …

Survival Of Trypanosoma Cruzi In Dead Chronically Infected Mice, Lawrence C. Hinck, James L. Stevens, Rogers D. Meurer

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Helminth Parasites Of The Endangered Houston Toad, Bufo Houstonensis Sanders, 1953 (Amphibia, Bufonidae), Robert A. Thomas, Steven A. Nadler, W. Lynn Jagers

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Houston toad, Bufo houstonensis Sanders, has an extremely restricted range in southeastern Texas, being known historically from 6 counties with viable populations remaining in only 2, Due to its relative rarity and federally protected status as an endangered species, its parasites have received attention only once. Harwood (1932, Proc. U.S. Natl Mus. 81: 1-71) identified 2 Harris County specimens of this toad as B. terrestris and reported Cosmocercoides dukae (Oxyuridae) in both and Oswaldocruzia pipiens (Diaphanocephalidae) in 1. In the course ofecological studies on the Houston toad, additional information on its parasitic helminths has been acquired.

Alcataenia Campylacantha (Krabbe, 1869) From Pigeon Guillemots, Cepphus Columba Pallas, And Black Guillemots, Cepphus Grylle (Linnaeus), And Alcataenia Sp. Indet. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) From Kittlitz's Murrelets, Brachyramphus Brevirostris (Vigors) In Alaska, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia campylacantha (Krabbe, 1869) is redescribed and reported for the first time from pigeon guillemots, Cepphus columba Pallas, in Alaska. Specimens of this cestode were also found in black guillemots, Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus) at Point Barrow, Alaska. There were no substantial differences in morphological characters between populations of this cestode from the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins. Additionally, Alcataenia sp. indet. is reported, with a partial description, from Kittlitz's murrelets, Brachyramphus brevirostris (Vigors), in Alaska. This constitutes the first record of dilepidid cestodes from birds of the genus Brachyramphus Brandt.

French abstract:

On trouvera ici une nouvelle description d’ …

Alcataenia Longicervica Sp. N. From Murres, Uria Lomvia (Linnaeus) And Uria Aalge (Pontoppidan) In The North Pacific Basin, With Redescriptions Of Alcataenia Armillaris (Rudolphi, 1810) And Alcataenia Meinertzhageni (Baer, 1956) (Cestoda: Dilepididae), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Alcataenia longicervica sp. n. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) is described from murres, Uria spp., in Alaska and other localities in the Pacific basin. From Alcataenia armillaris (Rudolphi, 1810), which it most closely resembles, A. longicervica is distinguished by larger size of organs (cirrus sac, vitelline gland, and seminal receptacle), greater number of testes, and extremely long neck. In specimens of A. longicervica there are 22-27 rostellar hooks distributed in two rows. Hooks in the anterior row measure 41-49 μm in length while those in the posterior are 38-48 μm. Two species of Alcataenia, A. armillaris and A. meinertzhageni (Baer, 1956), both …

Trematode Parasites Of Marine Birds In Antarctica: The Distribution Of Gymnophallus Deliciosus (Olsson 1893), Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During continuing studies of avian helminths at Palmer Station, Antarctica (Hoberg 1983) trematodes were found as parasites only of charadriiform birds. Digeneans were not represented in extensive collections (including several thousand specimens of helminths) from spheniscids, procellariids, and phalacrocoracids.

The pattern of distribution of trematodes in marine birds in Antarctica is influenced by the availability of suitable intermediate hosts (mollusca) and the foraging behavior of potential final hosts. Littoral environments near Palmer are structurally simple and of low diversity due to ice scouring. The limpet, Nacella polaris, is the dominant intertidal invertebrate and one of the few molluscs that …

Postembryonic Development Of The Redwood Nematode, Rhizonema Sequoiae (Nemata: Heteroderidae), I. Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti, B. F. Lownsbery

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Second-stage larvae of Rhizonema sequoiae Cid del Prado Vera et al. developed into adult females in 6 months or adult males in 3-4 months on roots of Sequoia sempervirens maintained in a growth chamber at 16 C with a 12-hour light period. Under these conditions the second-stage larvae increased in diameter, the central cells of the genital primordium increased in size, and their nuclei enlarged. Mesenchymal cells accumulated in the esophageal and tail regions. Second-stage larvae become third-stage males or females 2 months after inoculation of redwood roots. Their sex could be distinguished by the ratio of length to width …

Morphometrical Variability In Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. 4 : Study Of Field Populations Of H. Pseudorobustus And Related Species, Renaud Fortuner, Armand R. Maggenti, Laurel M. Whittaker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Multivariate analyses were made on 28 populations of Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, eleven populations of H. dihystera, and type populations of H. microlobus, H. bradys, H. phalerus, H. egyptiensis, and H. africanus. Some morphological differences were observed among the populations of H. pseudorobustus, mostly between samples from North America and from Western Europe. The differences were most apparent in the pattern of junction of the inner lines of lateral field on tail, the position of the phasmids and of the dorsal gland opening. However, these characters vary within some of the populations studied. Most populations originally identified …

Taxonomy Of North American Fish Eimeriidae, Steve J. Upton, David W. Reduker, William L. Current, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Taxonomic descriptions, line drawings, and references are given for the 30 named and 5 unnamed species of North American fish Eimeriidae. In addition, a key was developed based on available morphologic data to distinguish between similar species. Taxa are divided into two genera: Eimeria (27 species) which are tetrasporocystic with dizoic, nonbivalved sporocysts, and Goussia,/i> (3 species) which are tetrasporocystic with dizoic, bivalved sporocysts that lack Stieda bodies and have sporocyst walls composed of two longitudinal valves.