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Helminth Parasites Of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix Occidentalis Caurina) From Oregon, Eric P. Hoberg, G. S. Miller, E. Wallner-Pendleton, O. R. Hedstrom

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Helminth parasites are reported for the first time from northern spotted owls. Seventyone percent of a sample of Strix occidentalis caurina from western Oregon was infected. Nematodes (Porrocaecum depressum, Capillaria falconis, Microtetrameres sp. and Synhimantus hamatus) were the most prevalent parasites although cestodes (Paruterina rauschi) and acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus conspectus) were also represented. There was an association between components of this helminth fauna and the diet of spotted owls which is dominated by small rodents. The occurrence of P. rauschi rather than P. candelabraria in this geographic region and host-species may provide additional …

A Mimbres Burial With Associated Colon Remains From The Nan Ranch Ruin, New Mexico, Harry J. Shafer, Marrianne Marek, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The skeletal remains of an adult male associated with desiccated tissue and a coprolite were recovered from an apen-air midden deposit at the NAN Ranch Ruin (LA15049)) a large Mimbres site in Grant County) New Mexico. The find dates to about A.C. 1000-1100. Identifiable macroscopic elements in the caprolite consist offi nely fragmented corn and tiny seed fragments of an unknown plant. High amounts of willow (Salix) and mustard (Brassicaceae) pollen may indicate the ingestion of medicinal plants to combat a deteriorating health condition. The individual was approximately 35 -40 years old at the time of death and suffered from …

Bioarcheological Synthesis For "From The Gulf To The Rio Grande: Human Adaptation In Central, South, And Lower Pecos Texas", Karl Reinhard, Ben W. Olive, D. Gentry Steele

Karl Reinhard Publications

One of the main problems encountered in the review of the bioarcheology of Region 3 has been the limited number of sites where human skeletal material has been adequately recovered and analyzed. In the preceding chapter it was documented that less than 30% of the burials recovered from recorded sites have been reported in published literature. It was further estimated that of the 323 sites with burials, no more than 80 sites have published detailed bioarcheological reports on the burials recovered. Only 50 of these 80 reports provide individual descriptions of each burial which facilitate subsequent analyses and evaluation.

Four …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 1. Inverse Linear Mode, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Methods for evaluating the efflicacy of potential classical biocontrol agents were outlined for a model biocontrol agent-weed-crop system. A proposed biocontrol agent (the fiddleneck flower gall nematode), its weed host (coast fiddleneck), and wheat were used as representative organisms. An additive experimental design (inverse linear model) was used. Regression of the reciprocal of the average plant biomass of each species onto the density of itself and the other plant species yielded competitive indices that measure the competitive ability of the plants. The results of 2 yr of field experiments revealed a dramatic change in the competitive interaction between fiddleneck and …

An Alternative Approach For Evaluating The Efficacy Of Potential Biocontrol Agents Of Weeds. 2. Path Analysis, Dan J. Pantone, William A. Williams, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Path analysis was used to assess the efficacy of the fiddleneck flower gall nematode as a weed biocontrol agent of coast fiddleneck in competition with wheat during 2 yr of field experiments. The path analysis revealed that the number of inflorescences/plant for fiddleneck and the number of heads/plant for wheat were the most important yield components that determine fecundity and seed yield. The density of fiddleneck had a much greater impact on the yield components of fiddleneck than did the density of wheat or the nematode rate of inoculation. The nematode had its greatest negative impact on the number of …

Vector Capability Of Xiphinema Americanum Sensu Lato In California, John A. Griesbach, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Seven field populations of Xiphineraa americanum sensu lato from California's major agronomic areas were tested for their ability to transmit two nepoviruses, including the prune brownline, peach yellow bud, and grapevine yellow vein strains of tomato ringspot virus and the bud blight strain of tobacco ringspot virus. Two field populations transmitted all isolates, one population transmitted all tomato ringspot virus isolates but failed to transmit bud blight strain of tobacco ringspot virus, and the remaining four populations failed to transmit any virus. Only one population, which transmitted all isolates, had been associated with field spread of a nepovirus. As two …

Tribune: Genus And Family: Concepts And Natural Groupings, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A little over two hundred and fifty years ago Linnaeus (= Linne) began to maneuver his concepts of animal arrangement into Aristotle’s logic of classes. Twenty-three years elapsed between the publication of his first and tenth editions of Systema naturae. The tenth edition (1758) is the acknowledged starting point of zoological nomenclature. Often forgotten but highly significant is the fact that he spent those intervening twenty years orchestrating the then known animals into the world of philosophy.

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Insectivores. Viii. Four New Species From The Star-Nosed Mole, Condylura Cristata, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-four star-nosed moles, Condylura cristata, collected from the northeastern United States (Maine, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont) were examined for coccidian oocysts. All of the moles were infected with from 1 to 4 species of coccidia representing 2 eimerian and 3 isosporan spp., but oocysts of only 4 of these species were present in sufficient numbers for detailed study; these are described as new. Sporulated oocysts of ,i>Eimeria condylurae n. sp. were subspheroid, 17.7 x 15.7 (17-23 x 14-21) μm, with sporocysts ellipsoid, 11.7 x 5.6 (11-14 x 5-6) μm; E. condylurae was found in 3 of 24 (12.5%) moles. …

Monocyte-Platelet Interaction In Immune And Nonimmune Thrombocytopenia, Mansoor Saleh, D L. Moore, J Y. Lee, A F. Lobuglio

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Platelets from 24 patients with immune thrombocytopenia resistant to standard therapy (refractory ITP), 35 patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia (non-ITP), and 32 normal donors were studied in regard to platelet surface-bound IgG (PBIgG) and the ability of these platelets to be bound by human monocytes in vitro (monocyte-platelet rosette assay). Fourteen (58%) of the platelet samples from refractory ITP patients but none (0%) from the non-ITP or control donors had PBIgG greater than 800 molecules IgG/platelet. Seventeen of 24 (71%) of the ITP patients had platelets which demonstrated increased monocyte- platelet rosette formation [rosette index (RI) greater than 2], whereas only …

Quinidine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia, Mansoor Saleh, Nadhav Dhodaphar, Karren Allen, Albert Lobuglio

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

D rugs may cause thrombocytopenia by three principal mechanisms: suppression of platelet production, direct platelet toxicity, or antibody-mediated platelet destmction (1). With the advent of assays specifically capable of detecting and quantifying IgG on the platelet surface (2), it has become increasingly possible to recognize cases of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia based on the detection of elevated levels of platelet surface bound IgG in association with ingestion of causative dmgs. Consequendy, dmg-induced immune thrombocytopenia is no longer a disease diagnosed primarily by exclusion. The occurrence of quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia, though uncommon, was documented as early as 1965 (3) and has been thought …

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys Opimus Wagner (Ctenomyidae) From Bolivia, South America, Christine R. Lambert, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of 35 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys opimus) collected in Bolivia, South America, 31 (88%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces at the time they were examined. Eighteen (58%) of the 31 infected animals were concurrently infected with 2 or 3 eimerian species. Four species of Eimeria were recovered and are described as new species based on the characteristics of sporulated oocysts. Oocysts of E. granifera n. sp. were ellipsoidal, 21.1 x 17.2 (15-26 x 11-20), μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 11.3 x 7.1 (8-14 x 5-9), μm. Oocysts of Eimeria montuosi n. sp. were spheroidal, 24.2 x 22.0 (21-28 x …

Current Issues And Future Directions In The Scientific Response To The Aids Epidemic, Anthony S. Fauci

DSLS 1988-1989

(Abstract taken from the Distinguished Scientist Lecture Series Program 1988-1989).

The recording is unavailable.

Dr. Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institute of Health (NIH), also serves as the Associate Director of the NIH for research on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and as Director of the NIH Office of AIDS Research. A native of Brooklyn, New York, Dr. Fauci received his M.D. degree from Cornell University Medical College in 1966. After completing an internship at Cornell Medical Center in New York City, he began his work at the NIH as …

Cestodes Of The Genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 Sensu Stricto From Pocket Gophers Geomys And Thomomys Spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado And Oregon, With A Discriminant Analysis Of Four Species Of Hymenolepis, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes found to represent previously undescribed members of the genus Hymenolepis s. str. (Yamaguti, 1959) were recovered from pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius (Shaw), in northeastern Colorado. Hymenolepis weldensis n. sp. and H. geomydis n. sp., not occurring together in any individual host, were found in 3 and 8%, respectively, of pocket gophers examined for helminths. The life cycle of H. weldensis was completed in the laboratory using beetles, Tenebrio molitor (L.), as intermediate hosts, and pocket gophers of three genera (Geomys, Thomomys, and Pappogeomys) as definitive hosts. Development of H. weldensis did not …

Some Parasitic Helminths From The American Oystercatcher, Haematopus Palliatus Temminck, From The Texas Gulf Coast And The Common Pied Oystercatcher, H. Ostralegus Linnaeus, From New Zealand, Including Dildotaenia Latovarium N. Gen. And N. Sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), Norman O. Dronen, Gerald D. Schmidt, Bertha R. Allison, John W. Mellen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Digenea) and Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda) were recovered from an American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus, Galveston, Texas. This is the first report of A. spinulosum from the American oystercatcher. Dildotaenia latovarium was also recovered from common pied oystercatcher, H. ostralegus, from New Zealand. The new genus can be distinguished from all other hymenolepid genera that have a copulatory stylet in lacking a cirrus. The type species is characterized by the exaggerated width of its ovary. Of the other species of hymenolepids with 8 rostellar hooks from birds, Dildotaenia latovarium most closely resembles Retinometra …

Parasitangrepp I Ögon Hos Fisk, Som Lever I Kylvatten Från Kärnkraftsreaktorer, Johan Höglund, Jan Thulin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Sammanfattning

Under åren 1983 t.o.m. 1987 undersöktes förekomst, intensitet och skadeverkan av ögonsugmaskar hos fisk, som påverkats av en förhöjd vattentemperatur. Undersökningarna utfördes huvudsakligen i Biotestsjön, som är ett 1 km² stort invallat havsområde (S ^o/_oo salthalt), som mottager uppvärmt (ca. 8 °C) kylvatten (ca. 90 m³ / s) från Forsmarks kärnkraftverk. Både de morfologiska och experimentella undersökningarna med metacerkarier tyder på att det förekommer fyra olika arter av släktet Diplostomum i Biotestsjön, två i abborre och två i mört. Då taxonomiska revisioner pågår utomlands föredrogs att kalla dessa arter Diplostomum sp1-4. Metacerkarier av D. …

A Plea For Improved Presentation Of Type Material For Coccidia, Susan M. Bandioni, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The "true" coccidia (phylum Apicomplexa, suborder Eimeriina) constitute a large and heterogeneous group of parasitic protozoa. Despite the large number of described species (ca. 1,650) and the medical and veterinary importance of some (e.g., Toxoplasma), 2 facts are clear: (1) the majority of coccidia species are probably yet undescribed, and (2) the phylogenetic relationships of those described species are poorly known. Contributing to the latter dilemma is the lack of a tradition to provide type specimens by those who describe new species, even though the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature specifically recommends the designation of a type …

On The Status Of Eimeria Nieschulzi Oocysts Embedded In Resin Eleven Years Ago: A Permanent Method For Preserving Coccidian Oocysts, Alan A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi that were fixed and mounted on glass slides in polymerized resin in 1976 are examined. Size, shape, and integrity of oocysts and sporocysts are compared to similar observations we made in 1977 and reported in 1978 (Journal of Parasitology 64: 163-164). Our conclusion is that the methods we reported on in 1978 provide one opportunity to produce permanent specimens of sporulated oocysts that could be made available for deposit in nationally accredited museums.

Quarantine Disinfestation A Bibliography With Relevance To Ornamental Plant Material, Kevin Seaton, Daryl Joyce

Biosecurity published reports

This bibliography has been compiled as part of a programme to develop new and improved techniques for the insect disinfestation of export cut-flowers and cut-foliage. The objective of the programme is to identify the most effective disinfestation treatments. Suitable treatments should kill insects in the flowers without directly injuring the flowers or reducing their postharvest life.

The bibliography presents references relating to the disinfestation of ornamental material (i.e. cut-flowers, cut-foliage, and potted plants). However, it also includes references on disinfestation of fruit, vegetables, and stored grain where this information has some relevance to the disinfestation of ornamental materials. The bibliography …

Effects Of Corticosteroids And Of Cyclosporin A On Trypanosoma Musculi In Mice And In Culture, Philip Stephen Schuyler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The in vivo and in vitro effects of cyclosporin A and corticosteroids on Trypanosoma musculi were examined. Mice that received continuous administration of 6 mg/liter/day of dexamethasone in drinking water and 200 mg/kg hydrocortisone acetate as a single dose 24 hrs prior to injection with T. musculi had significantly higher and longer parasitemias, than controls. Body and spleen weights and B cell responsiveness were lower in test animals and there were some deaths. Mice injected with T. musculi that received 100 mg/kg/day cyclosporin A had longer, but not higher, parasitemias than controls. Corticosteroids appear to partially inactive antibody production (i.e. …

Echinococcus Vogeli Rausch And Bernstein, 1972, From The Paca, Cuniculus Paca L. (Rodentia: Dayproctidae), In The Departamento De Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Robert L. Rausch, Otto Carlos Jordan Camacho

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among approximately 2,000 mammals examined for helminths in various regions of Bolivia during 1983-1987, cysts of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972, were found in a single paca, Cuniculus paca L., collected at La Laguna, Departamento de Santa Cruz (lat. 16° 36' W; long. 62° 42' S). This record, the first from Bolivia, represents a considerable extension of the known geographic range of this species in South America. Upon analysis of the morphologic characteristics of the protoscoleces derived from the cysts, the sizes of rostellar hooks from the material from the paca were found to be well within the ranges …

Rhinebothrium Devaneyi N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) And Echinocephalus Overstreeti Deardorff And Ko, 1983 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) In A Thorny Back Ray, Urogymnus Asperrimus, From Enewetak Atoll, With Phylogenetic Analysis Of Both Species Groups, Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas L. Deardorff

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The new species is a member of an apparently monophyletic group within the genus that includes R. flexile, R. walga, R. himanturi, R. burgeri, R. euzeti, R. hawaiiensis, R. urobatidium, R. paratrygoni, R. ditesticulum, R. tetralobatum, R. margaritense, R. biorchidum, and R. spinicephalum. All of these species have bothridia with medial longitudinal septa, a constriction at mid-bothridium, and, primitively, at least 42 loculi per bothridium and 17-22 testes per proglottid. Of the above, the new species is apparently most closely related to R. burgeri, with which …

Population Dynamics Of Distoichometra Bufonis (Cestoda: Nematotaeniidae) In Bufo Woodhousii, John J. Janovy Jr., Eugene Lee Hardin

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Prevalence, density, and variance/mean (= variance/density) ratios are reported for the cestode Distoichometra bufonis in 28 samples of the amphibian host, Bufo woodhousii, taken over a 3-yr period at two study sites on the South Platte River in Keith County, Nebraska, U.S.A. In addition, changes in host demography resulting from entry of newly metamorphosed toads into the terrestrial population are given. Prevalence and density (average number of worms per host, infected + noninfected) did not vary significantly either within or between sites and years unless newly metamorphosed toads were included in the analysis. Prevalence ranged from 70 to 100%, …

Eimeria From Bats Of The World. Ii. A New Species In Tadarida Femorosacca From Sonora, Mexico, Donald W. Duszynski, David W. Reduker, Brent B. Parker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between 1979 and 1980, 104 bats representing 13 species in 4 families were collected in California and New Mexico, U.S.A., and Baja California and Sonora, Mexico, and were examined for coccidia; only 3 (3%) had oocysts in their feces. Bats examined and their infection rates were: Molossidae: 0 of 12 Tadarida brasiliensis, 1 of 18 (6%) T. femorosacca; Natalidae: 0 of 1 Natalus stramineus; Phyllostomatidae: 0 of 1 Choeronycteris mexicana, 0 of 2 Leptonycteris sanborni, 0 of 1 Macrotus californicus; Vespertilionidae: 0 of 9 Antrozous pallidus, 0 of 28 Eptesicusfuscus, 0 of …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Bunocotylinae Dollfus, 1950 (Digenea: Hemiuridae), Virginia León-Règagnon, Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The phylogenetic analysis of the 16 recognized genera in the Bunocotylinae, based upon 30 morphological transformation series, produced two most parsimonious trees, each with a consistency index of 0.62. The monophyly of the group is supported by 6 synapomorphies. Ahemiurus, Aphanuroides, Aphanurus, Myosaccium, and Indoderogenes separate independently in the basal part of the tree. Saturnius and Bunocotyle separate next, forming a clade. Machidatrema, Duosphincter, Theletrum, and Monolecithotrema separate independently; and in the most derived part of the tree Opisthadena + Neopisthadena + Mitrostoma, Genolinea, and Neotheletrum grouped together form a clade. …

Letter To The Editors: Critical Comments On A Recent Letter To The Editors Regarding The Use Of Frozen Carcasses In Parasite Surveys, Danny B. Pence, John M. Aho, Albert O. Bush, Albert G. Canaris, Joseph A. Conti, William R. Davidson, Terry A. Dick, Gerald W. Esch, Timothy Goater, Wynn Fitzpatrick, Donald J. Forrester, John C. Holmes, William M. Samuel, John M. Kinsella, Janice Moore, Robert L. Rausch, William Threlfall, Terry A. Wheeler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Critical comments on a letter to the editors of the Journal of Parasitology regarding the use of frozen carcasses in parasite surveys.

The Aids Epidemic: A Prism Distorting Social And Legal Principles, Alec Gray

New England Journal of Public Policy

The AIDS epidemic is affecting American society in far-reaching and unexpected ways. It touches our institutions, our value systems, and our private lives. Social issues seem to change and become distorted by the epidemic 's prismlike effect. This article examines some of the major public health issues raised by the epidemic, ranging from testing to contact tracing and quarantine. It argues that while the civil rights of individuals may have to be sacrificed to stem the spread of the disease, those rights should not be abandoned unless a clear benefit to the public health would result.

Issues of discrimination in …

Aids And New England Hospitals, Jesse Green, Neil Wintfeld, Madeleine Singer, Kevin Schulman

New England Journal of Public Policy

The Centers for Disease Control projects that nine thousand persons with AIDS will be alive in New England in 1991, representing a sevenfold increase from 1986. Our analysis indicates that more than 2 percent of medical/surgical beds in New England will be used for AIDS care by 1991, representing 766 fully occupied hospital beds. The direct cost of providing hospital care to New England's AIDS patients is projected to be $195.2 million in 1991, reflecting 3 percent of all hospital inpatient costs in the region.

AIDS treatment is very unevenly distributed among hospitals in New England. Just twenty hospitals (8 …

Epidemiology And Health Policy Imperatives For Aids, Katherine Hill Chavigny, Sarah L. Turner, Anne K. Kibrick

New England Journal of Public Policy

The purpose of this article is to describe the statistics and epidemiological facts about the most virulent epidemic of our age, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The discussion argues for broadened public policy to promote the surveillance of communities in order to enhance the effectiveness of data gathering for epidemiological reasoning, analysis, and control measures. To accomplish these goals, the essential characteristics of epidemiology are defined. The use of deductive and inductive reasoning is applied to describe and analyze known facts concerning the AIDS epidemic. Hypotheses are suggested from current amorphous and continually changing information to assist in further explanations of …

The Big One: Literature Discovers Aids, Shaun O'Connell

New England Journal of Public Policy

Among the works discussed in this essay: An Intimate Desire to Survive, by Bill Becker; Epitaphs for the Plague Dead, by Robert Boucheron; A Cry in the Desert, by Jed A. Bryan; The World Can Break Your Heart, by Daniel Curzon; Safe Sex, by Harvey Fierstein; "The Castro," in Cities on a Hill: A Journey Through Contemporary American Culture, by Frances FitzGerald; As Is, by William M. Hoffman; Plague: A Novel About Healing, by Toby Johnson; The Normal Heart, by Larry Kramer; To All the Girls I've Loved Before: An AIDS …

Neuropsychiatric Complications Of Hiv Infection: Public Policy Implications, Alexandra Beckett, Theo Manschreck

New England Journal of Public Policy

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects the central nervous system (CNS), causing symptoms in most persons with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and AIDS, and in a significant proportion of those classified as asymptomatic seropositive. The most common clinical syndrome secondary to CNS infection is known as HIV encephalopathy. When sufficiently disabling, HIV encephalopathy is known as AIDS dementia, and must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control as a case of AIDS.

AIDS dementia is a complex of cognitive, affective, behavioral, and motor symptoms which varies widely in its presentation. In some persons, cognitive impairment predominates, manifesting in a loss …