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Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis Of Subfamilies Of The Proteocephalidea (Eucestoda), Amilcar Arandas Rego, Alain De Chambrier, Vladimira Hanzelová, Eric P. Hoberg, Tomás Scholz, Peter Weekes, Marc Zehnder

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cladistic analysis based on comparative morphology was used to examine the subfamily-level relationships within the cestode order Proteocephalidea. A single most parsimonious tree (70 steps, CI = 0.571; RC = 0.295; HI = 0.471) is consistent with monophyly for the Proteocephalidea and showed a relatively high consistency at the family level with the diagnosis of two major subclades. Unambiguous support for a Proteocephalidae subclade, including the Corallobothriinae, Proteocephalinae, Gangesiinae and Sandonellinae, and a Monticelliidae subclade, including the Marsypocephalinae, Zygobothriinae, Monticelliinae, Rudolphiellinae, Ephedrocephalinae and Othinoscolecinae was evident. Two subfamilies, the Acanthotaeniinae (historically in the Proteocephalidae) and Nupeliinae (historically in the Monticelliidae), …

Species Of Myxobolus (Myxozoa) From The Bulbus Arteriosus Of Centrarchid Fishes In North America, With A Description Of Two New Species, David K. Cone, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three species of Myxobolus (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) occur in heart tissue of centrarchids. Myxobolus paralintoni Li and Desser, 1985 from Lepomis gibbosus in Algonquin Park and in Lake Erie, Ontario, has subcircular spores (in plane of spore length) in frontal view (11-13 μm long, 9-10 μm wide, and 5 μm thick) with a width-to-length ratio of 1:1.2. Myxobolus jollimorei n. sp. from Lepomis macrochirus in Lake Erie and in the Pascagoula River System, Mississippi, has subcircular spores (in plane of spore width) in frontal view (10.0-11.5 μm long, 12.0-14.5 μm wide, and 6.5-8.0 μm thick) with a width-to-length ratio of 1:0.8. …

Occurrence And Morphological Comparisons Of Campula Oblonga (Digenea: Campulidae), Including A Report From An Atypical Host, The Thresher Shark, Alopias Vulpinus [Research Notes], Ann M. Adams, Eric P. Hoberg, D. F. Mcalpine, S. L. Clayden

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

New host records for Campula oblonga Cobbold, 1858 from the common dolphin, Delphinus delphis L., and from the thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre), are reported herein. Campulids have not been reported previously from a host that was not a marine mammal. The excellent condition and small size of the gravid specimen and the diet and natural history of the thresher shark lead us to conclude that the digene was acquired from the consumption of infected fish. Specimens of C. oblonga from these two hosts and from harbor porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (L.), and from Dall's porpoises, Phocoenoides dalli (True), are compared, …

Enhancement Of Atp Levels And Glucose Metabolism During An Infection By Chlamydia: Nmr Studies Of Living Cells, David M. Ojcius, H. Degani, Joel Mispelter, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that proliferate only within the infected cell. Since the extracellular bacteria are metabolically inert and there are no cell-free systems for characterizingChlamydia metabolism, we studied metabolic changes related to ATP synthesis and glycolysis in HeLa cells infected withChlamydia psittaci during the course of the 2-day infection cycle using noninvasive 31P and 13C NMR methods. We find that the infection stimulates ATP synthesis in the infected cell, with a peak of ATP levels occurring midway through the infection cycle, when most of the metabolically active bacteria are proliferating. The infection also stimulates synthesis of …

In Memoriam: Tang Chung Chang (C. C. Tang), 1905-1993, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary of Tang Chung Chang (C. C. Tang), 1905-1993.

The Evolution Of Primate Malaria Parasites Based On The Gene Encoding Cytochrome B From The Linear Mitochondrial Genome, Ananias A. Escalante, Denise E. Freeland, William E. Collins, Altaf A. Lal

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

We report a phylogenetic analysis of primate malaria parasites based on the gene encoding the cytochrome b protein from the mitochondrial genome. We have studied 17 species of Plasmodium, including 14 parasitic in primates. In our analysis, four species were used for rooting the Plasmodium phylogenetic tree: two from closely related genera (Hepatocystis sp. and Haemoproteus columbae) and two other Apicomplexa (Toxoplasma gondii and Theileria parva). We found that primate malaria parasites form a monophyletic group, with the only exception being the Plasmodium falciparum–Plasmodium reichenowi lineage. Phylogenetic analyses that include two species …

Flea News 55 (January 1998), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Miscellanea

Flea species

Material request

Siphonaptera literature

Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3' AUACU₇5' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU …

Revised List Of Type Specimens On Deposit In The University Of California Davis Nematode Collection, S. Patricia Stock, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The list of deposited type specimens is updated for the University of California Davis Nematode Collection, as recommended by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The type collection includes 1,001 species and more than 11,000 individual specimens mounted on microscope slides. This list can be used as a reference to locate specimens but is not meant to clarify ambiguities that may exist concerning the type status of particular specimens.

Metazoan Parasites And Other Symbionts Of Cetaceans In The Caribbean, Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni, Eric P. Hoberg, Doug Siegel-Causey, Ernest H. Williams Jr.

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The parasite fauna in cetaceans from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the larger Caribbean region is poorly known. We provide the first records for parasite biodiversity among a diverse assemblage of cetaceans from the Caribbean Sea. Internal and external parasites and commensals were collected from stranded whales and dolphins salvaged in Puerto Rico, the United States and British Virgin Islands, Jamaica, and Venezuela between 1989 and 1997. A total of 47 individuals of 16 species of whales and dolphins (15 odontocetes and one mysticete) were examined. Overall, parasites and commensals were found in 34 (72.3%) animals, representing 13 species …

The Identification And Characteristics Of Echinoparyphium Rubrum (Cort, 1914) Comb. New (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) Based On Experimental Evidence Of The Life Cycle, Ivan Kanev, Robert Sorensen, Mauritz Strerner, Rebecca Cole, Bernard Fried

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The life cycle of Echinoparyphium rubrum (Cort, 1914) comb. n. has been completed experimentally. All of the developmental stages - egg, miracidium, sporocyst, mother and daughter rediae, cercaria, metacercaria, and adult - were examined and described. The miracidia infected freshwater snails of the genus Physa, P. gyrina and P. occidentalis. Attempts to infect snails of the genera Lymnaea, L. auricularis, L. peregra. L. truncatula and Bulinus, B. truncatus failed. Cercariae infected various pulmonate and prosobranch freshwater snails, mussels, frogs, water turtles and planarians. The adults developed in the small intestine of birds and mammals. The identity and major characteristics of …

Mummies And Mummification Practices In The Southern And Southwestern United States, Mahmoud Y. El-Najjar, Thomas M. J. Mulinski, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Mummification was not intentional for most North American prehistoric cultures. Natural mummification occurred in the dry areas of North America, where mummies have been recovered from rock shelters, caves, and overhangs. In these places, corpses desiccated and spontaneously mummified. In North America, mummies are recovered from four main regions: the southern and southwestern United States, the Aleutian Islands, and the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. This chapter is limited to a discussion of burial practices and a tabulation of the location of mummies in the southwestern United States with some comments on mummies of the southern United States, including the Ozarks.

Human Dental Microwear Caused By Calcium Oxalate Phytoliths In Prehistoric Diet Of The Lower Pecos Region, Texas, Dennis Danielson, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Recent research demonstrates that silica phytoliths of dietary origin are associated with microwear of human teeth. Previous research has shown that severe enamel microwear and dental wear characterizes Archaic hunter-gatherers in the lower Pecos region of west Texas. Calcium oxalate crystals are especially common in Archaic coprolites. The vast majority are derived from prickly pear and agave, which were the dietary staples in west Texas for 6,000 years. The calcium oxalate phytoliths are harder than enamel. Therefore, calcium oxalate crystals are the most likely source of previously documented dental microwear and wear in the lower Pecos region.Am J Phys Anthropol …

Comparisons Of Two Polymorphic Species Of Ostertagia And Phylogenetic Relationships Within The Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) Inferred From Ribosomal Dna Repeat And Mitochondrial Dna Sequences, Dante S. Zarlenga, Eric P. Hoberg, Frank Stringfellow, J. Ralph Lichtenfels

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The first internal transcribed spacer DNA (ITS-1) (rDNA) and the mitochondrial (mt) DNA-derived cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-1) were enzymatically amplified, cloned and sequenced from 6 nominal species of Ostertagiinae as well as Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei. The portion of the COX-1 gene analyzed was 393 base pairs (bp) in length and contained 33 within species polymorphic base changes at 28 synonymous sites. The ITS-1 rDNA consensus sequences ranged from 392 bp (Ostertagia ostertagi/Ostertagia lyrata, Teladorsagia circumcincta) to 404 bp (H. contortus, H. placei). These data were used both in …

Diphtheria Toxin Fusion Proteins, Frank Foss, Mansoor Saleh, James Krueger, John Nichols, John Murphy

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Two different approaches have been undertaken to develop targeted biomolecules for therapeutics. The first was the construction of immunotoxins consisting of monoclonal antibodies chemically linked through a disulfide bond to a plant or bacterial toxin or radionuclide. Instability of the chemical conjugation of some of the earlier immunotoxins led to the concept of using protein engineering and recombinant DNA to assemble fusion genes combining the sequences for the enzymatically active and translocation domains of a toxin with those of a specific targeting ligand. From the outset, the prospect of using recombinant DNA methods to assemble the structural genes encoding bacterial …

Cd40-Mediated Signaling Of Interleukin-1(Beta) Synthesis And Rescue From Apoptosis In Monocytes: Modulation By Il-4 And Il-10, Jonathan C. Poe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To date, the cellular mechanisms involved in the progression of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), remain largely unknown. However, cell-to-cell contact interactions between CD4+ helper T (Th) cells and monocytes have been implicated in the induction and maintenance of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis that is characteristic to the pathogenesis of RA. One such cytokine produced during monocyte-Th cell contact is interleukin (IL)-1 β, a mediator directly involved in the characteristic tissue destruction that occurs in the synovia of individuals with RA. Previous studies in our laboratories have shown that ligation of CD40 on monocytes with CD40 …

Genetic Polymorphism Among Cryptosporidium Parvum Isolates: Evidence Of Two Distinct Human Transmission Cycles, Michael M. Peng, Lihua Xiao, Amanda R. Freeman, Michael J. Arrowood, Ananias A. Escalante, André C. Weltman, Corinne S.L. Ong, William R. Mac Kenzie, Altaf A. Lal, Charles B. Beard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

We report the results of molecular analysis of 39 isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum from human and bovine sources in nine human outbreaks and from bovine sources from a wide geographic distribution. All 39 isolates could be divided into either of two genotypes, on the basis of genetic polymorphism observed at the thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP-C2) locus. Genotype 1 was observed only in isolates from humans. Genotype 2, however, was seen in calf isolates and in isolates from a subset of human patients who reported direct exposure to infected cattle or consumed items thought to be contaminated with cattle feces. Furthermore, …

Evolution Of The Schistosomes (Digenea: Schistosomatoidea): The Origin Of Dioecy And Colonization Of The Venous System, Thomas R. Platt, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae are considered venous system specialists whose sister group is the vascular system generalists (Spirorchidae) of turtles. Colonization of homeotherms by vascular trematodes required precision egg laying near the conduit for egg passage to the external environment and avoidance of pathogenesis that might result in the premature death of the host. Evolution of dioecy from the hermaphroditic condition may have proceeded through androdioecy in which hermaphrodites were specialized for precision egg placement in the vascular system and larger adults became functional males. The evolution of nuclear genes suppressing female function along with cytoplasmic genes suppressing male …

Limited Range Of Genetic Variation In Echinococcus Multilocularis, Heinz Rinder, Robert L. Rausch, Kenichi Takahashi, Hartmuth Kopp, Angelika Thomschke, Thomas Löscher

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

DNA sequencing of 1.3 kb of rDNA containing both internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, ITS2) and adjoining rRNA coding regions in each of 11 Echinococcus multilocularis isolates from Germany, Japan, and Alaska resulted in identical nucleotide sequences except for a single polymorphic locus 54 bp upstream of the 3' end of the 18S coding region, separating Eurasian isolates from an Alaskan isolate. The same base substitution was found in each of two additional isolates from Alaska. The distribution of the resulting genotypes with regard to their origin is highly significant (>99.9%) and corresponds to the traditional subspecies Echinococcus multilocularis multilocularis …

A Revision Of The Calicotylinae Monticelli, 1903 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), Leslie A. Chisholm, Tom J. Hansknecht, Ian D. Whittington, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A total of 153 elasmobranchs (46 species), either freshly collected from the Gulf of Mexico, USA, and Tasmania, Australia, or museum specimens collected from various localities worldwide, were examined for calicotyline (Monocotylidae) monogeneans. Thirty-five elasmobranchs, representing 17 species, were infected with Calicotyle spp. which we identified as the following previously described species: C. asterii (Szidat, 1970) Timofeeva, 1985; C. kroyeri Diesing, 1850; C. macrocotyle Cordero, 1944; C. similis (Szidat, 1972) Timofeeva, 1985; C. splendens (Szidat, 1970) Timofeeva, 1985; C. stossichi Braun, 1899; and C. urolophi Chisholm, Beverley-Burton & Last, 1991. The Calicotylinae, which comprises the genera Calicotyle and Dictyocotyle, …

Evolutionary Constraints On Population Structure: The Parasites Of Fundulus Zebrinus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) In The South Platte River Of Nebraska, John J. Janovy Jr., Scott D. Snyder, Richard E. Clopton

Biology Faculty Publications

Population and community descriptor values (parasites per host, prevalence per parasite species, variance/mean ratios, species density, and diversity indices) for the 7-species parasite community of 61 relatively homogeneous samples of Fundulus zebrinus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in the South Platte River of Nebraska, U.S.A., taken over a 14-yr period, are reported. South Platte River streamflow fluctuates over two orders of magnitude on several time scales-monthly, annually, and over multiple year wet-dry cycles. Relatively homogeneous sampling of a single host species with several parasite species provided a system that allowed assessment of the contribution of evolved parasite life cycles to population structure in …

Evolutionary Constraints On Population Structure: The Parasites Of Fundulus Zebrinus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) In The South Platte River Of Nebraska, John J. Janovy Jr., Scott D. Snyder, Richard E. Clopton

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Population and community descriptor values (parasites per host, prevalence per parasite species, variance/mean ratios, species density, and diversity indices) for the 7-species parasite community of 61 relatively homogeneous samples of Fundulus zebrinus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in the South Platte River of Nebraska, U.S.A., taken over a 14-yr period, are reported. South Platte River streamflow fluctuates over two orders of magnitude on several time scales-monthly, annually, and over multiple year wet-dry cycles. Relatively homogeneous sampling of a single host species with several parasite species provided a system that allowed assessment of the contribution of evolved parasite life cycles to population structure in …

Two New Species Of Litomosoides (Nemata: Onchocercidae) From Ctenomys Opimus (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) On The Altiplano Of Bolivia, Sara V. Brant, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two filarioid nematodes, Litomosoides andersoni n. sp. and Litomosoides ctenomyos n. sp. (Nemata: Onchocercidae), are described from the mesenteries of the subterranean rodent Ctenomys opimus (Rodentia: Hystrichognathi) collected on the altiplano of Bolivia. Specimens collected near Rancho Huancaroma (Oruro Dept.) in 1984 and 1986 can be recognized as undescribed by the structures of the spicules and stoma and the shape of the ovijector. This record represents the first time members of the genus Litomosoides have been recovered from rodents of the family Ctenomyidae; this also represents the first published report of these nematodes from mammals in Bolivia.

Flea News 54 (June 1997), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Miscellanea

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) update

Nomenclatural tidbits

Siphonaptera literature

Distribution Of Endosomal, Lysosomal And Mhc Markers In A Monocytic Cell Line Infected With Chlamydia Psittaci, David M. Ojcius, Raymond Hellio, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The intracellular fate of Chlamydia psittaci during infection of a monocytic cell line, THP1, was characterized. Cytochalasin D inhibited phagocytosis of latex beads but had no effect on infection by C. psittaci, and vacuoles expressed the transferrin receptor, suggesting accessibility to the endocytic pathway. Early Chlamydia-containing vacuoles expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, and most vacuoles fused with host cell lysosomes, since they expressed LAMP-1 and had acidic pHs. In cells prestimulated with gamma interferon, vacuoles also expressed MHC class II molecules, suggesting that the monocytes might effectively process Chlamydia-derived antigens for presentation by MHC class I and …

Gregarina Triboliorum (Eugregarinida: Gregarinidae) N. Sp. From Tribolium Confusum And Resolution Of The Confused Taxonomic History Of Gregarina Minuta Ishii, 1914, Stephanie Watwood, John J. Janovy Jr., Erica Peterson, Mary Ann Addison

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The septate gregarine parasites of flour beetles (Tribolium spp.) include Gregarina minuta Ishii, 1914, a relatively small species in which both primite and satellite possess an obvious protomerite, and a larger species that lacks the satellite protomerite. The latter species has been placed in the genera Didymophyes and Hirmocystis by various authors, but studies reported here demonstrate that this species, herein described as Gregarina triboliorum, exhibits early pairing and produces oocyst chains, both characteristics of the genus Gregarina. The oocysts of this new species are described for the first time. In addition, experimental infections using oocysts from …

Eimeria From Bats Of The World: Two New Species From Myotis Spp. (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), Damien T. Scott, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between 1986 and 1995, 548 fecal samples were collected from 41 species of bats (Molossidae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Thyropteridae, and Vespertilionidae) from New Mexico, California, Baja California Sur (Mexico), and Bolivia. Of these, the feces of 28 (5%) bats, including Antrozous pallidus, Myotis ciliolabrum, Myotis lucifugus, and Myotis yumanensis (Vespertilionidae), contained oocysts representing at least 3 species of Eimeria. A new species of eimerian from M. lucifugus (3/27, 11%) and M. yumanensis (8/70, 11%) is described. Sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal, 22.3 × 14.8 (18-25 × 13-16) μm with micropyle (~2 μm) and polar granules (1-4), but an …

Eimeria (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) From North American Sciurids, Glaucomys Sabrinus And Tamias Townsendii: With A Description Of A New Species, Claire A. Fuller, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From 1990 to 1991, 11 northern flying squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus, and 30 Townsend's chipmunks, Tamias townsendii, were live-trapped, marked, and released in MacDonald Forest, Benton Co., Oregon and their feces at each capture examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. Two eimerians were found in G. sabrinus: Eimeria doreyi and a second species we describe here as new. One species, Eimeria vilasi, was identified from T. townsendii. Sporulated oocysts of the new eimerian are strongly ellipsoidal, pointed at 1 end, and are 47.2 × 25.0 (41-52 × 22-31) μm with ovoidal sporocysts, 19.0 × 10.5 …

Six Species Of Acanthobothrium (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) In Stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Myliobatoidei) From Ecuador, Fernando Marques, Daniel R. Brooks, Ramiro Barriga

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Six species of Acanthobothrium, 4 described as new, are reported in stingrays from southern Ecuador. Acanthobothrium atahualpai n. sp. in Gymnura afuerae most closely resembles Acanthobothrium fogeli and Acanthobothrium parviuncinatum,/i> by having bothridial hooks with recurved prongs and short handles. It differs from A. fogeli by having bothridial hooks 163-195 μm vs. 78-114 μm long and averaging 25 vs. 32 testes per proglottis; it differs from A. parviuncinatum by having bothridial hooks 163-195 μm vs. 87 μm long and averaging 25 vs. 13 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium minusculus n. sp. in Urolophus tumbesensis most resembles Acanthobothrium campbelli and Acanthobothrium …

Inmemoriam: Raymond Millard Cable, 1909-1995, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary of Raymond Millard Cable, American parasitologist, 1909-1995.