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An Assessment Of Prehistoric Sites 41cp228 And 41cp229 Camp County, Texas, Glenn T. Goode

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The road along which sites 41CP228 and 229 occur is F.M. 1520 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), with the limits of improvements to it being from 0.8 mi. north of Loop 179 to 0.7 mi. north of Walkers Creek--a length of approximately 1.25 miles. This is a particularly dangerous stretch of roadway with curves at Walkers Creek and its tributary to the north. Along this stretch in recent years several people have died in automobile accidents, most recently during the course of the fieldwork in September, 1996. The proposed work will realign the roadway to eliminate the curves, and construct …

Final Report Of Significance Testing At Site 41ep880 On Artcraft Road El Paso County, Texas, Christine G. Ward, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Test excavations were undertaken at 41EP880 in northwest El Paso County, Texas in January of 1994 by archeologists from the Environmental Affairs Division of the Texas Department of Transportation. The site is located along the lower portion of an alluvial fan of the Franklin Mountains overlooking the Rio Grande Valley.

The project calls for an additional 18 m (60 ft.) of right-of-way in the vicinity of the archeological site, which extends both to the north and the south of the existing road. All additional right-of-way will be acquired from the northern side of Artcraft Road. Since the existing roadway cuts …

Final Report Of Test Excavations Along Loop 375 South-Central El Paso County, Texas, Christine G. Ward, Barbara J. Hickman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeologists from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) conducted test excavations seven prehistoric archeological sites along Loop 375 in south-central El Paso County during December and January of 1995. Results of the test excavations indicate that the seven sites, namely, 41EP4847, 41EP4823, 41EP4819, 41EP4825, 41EP4826, 41EP4827, and 41EP4829 do not meet the established eligibility criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). This assessment is based on the observed absence of intact, non-redundant subsurface remains at the sites.

Significance Testing At Preshistoric Archeological Site 41rk195, Rusk County, Texas, Glenn T. Goode, Sterling Hays, Paul Maslyk, Christine G. Ward, Jesus Gonzalez

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1994, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) conducted extensive test excavations at archeological site 41RK195. Located in the path of proposed Loop 571 around Henderson, the site had already been seriously impacted by a sand quarrying operation. Lying atop a large hill near the confluence of Bromley Creek and Flanigan Branch, site 41RK195, now almost totally destroyed, is believed to have been a major site of the region. The small number of artifacts found, in addition to a few seen in private collections, indicates a long history of human habitation for this multicomponent site, including occupation of the …

Test Excavations At Prehistoric Site 41sm203, Smith County, Texas, Glenn T. Goode

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41SM203 is a prehistoric campsite situated along the southwestern outskirts of the city of Tyler, Smith County, Texas. The site occupies the apex and lower slopes of a north-south trending ridge that runs for several miles. The lower part of the site lies relatively near springs located along the headwaters of Butler Creek. These springs or similar ones are thought to have been a major attraction of this locale, but significant cultural deposits were not found near them or in any part of the site subject to the investigation. The cultural materials that were found indicate sporadic and nonintensive …

Archeological Testing Of 41km3 The Red Creek Site A Burned-Rock Midden Site Kimble County, Texas, Jerry Henderson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May and June of 1988, archaeological testing of Site 41KM3, the Red Creek Site, was conducted by the Texas Department of Transportation, at that time the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT), in preparation for the construction of FM 3480 in Kimble County. The Red Creek Site is a large, multiple midden site along the northern terrace of the Llano River near its confluence with Red Creek. Most of the site lay outside the right-of-way and testing was confined to the southern periphery of the site, along the terrace slope. Most of the materials recovered from this …

Archeological Testing Of Sites 41wb437 And 41wb438 Webb County, Texas, James T. Abbott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological sites 41WB437 and 41WB438 are two prehistoric sites situated on opposing terraces of San Idelfonso Creek at the crossing of U.S. Highway 83, approximately 7.5 km south of Laredo, Texas, and 0.6 km upstream from the confluence of the stream and the Rio Grande River. Site 41 WB438 is characterized by a relatively dense accumulation of lithic debris and occasional groundstone fragments scattered across a broad alluvial terrace on the south side of the stream. Site 41WB437 is characterized by a much sparser scatter of cultural material on the north terrace. Both sites, but in particular 41WB438, have been …

Captions And Color Plates (V. 8-9, 1996-1997)

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

No abstract provided.

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 46, No. 2, Nancy Kettering Frye, Jean-Paul Benowitz, Amos Long Jr., John A. Milbauer

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• "An Uncommon Woman" in the Age of the Common Man: The Life and Times of Sarah Righter Major
• Maintaining Mennonite Identity: The Old Order Church in Pennsylvania and Virginia
• The End of an Era: The Last One-Room Public Schools in Lebanon County
• Pennsylvania Extended in the Cherokee Country: A Study of Log Architecture

Excavations And Surveys In Israel 16, Israel Antiquities Authority

Excavations and Surveys in Israel (English Series)

Contents: Namrud Fortress, A-1968, Moshe Hartal [1], Banias, the Aqueduct, A-1876, A-2002, A-2122, Moshe Hartal [5], Banias, 1993, A-2057, Vassilios Tzaferis and Shoshana Israeli [8], Banias, 1994, G-58/94, Vassilios Tzaferis and Shoshana Israeli [10], Tel Dan, 1994, G-38/94, Avraham Biran [13], Margaliot Fortress, A-2069, Idan Shaked [16], Kh. el-Khurromiyé, *A-1933 , Hana Abu ‘Uqsa [17], Sasa, West, *A-1927, Howard Smithline [18], Peqi‘in, A-2297, Zvi Gal, Howard Smithline and Dina Shalem [20], Nahal Keziv, ‘Avdon Aqueduct, A-1614, Tsvika Tsuk [22], Hayonim cave, 1993-1994, …

More Than Kin And King: Centralized Political Organization Among The Ancient Maya, Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase

Anthropology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Questions Of Political And Economic Integration: Segmentary Versus Centralized States Among The Ancient Maya, John W. Fox, Garrett W. Cook, Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase

Anthropology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Cultural Resources Survey Of The Leander Rehabilitation Center, Williamson County, Texas, Diane E. Williams, Martha Doty Freeman, Marie E. Blake, Karl W. Kibler, Paul J. Maslyk

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August-September 1996, personnel from Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted a cultural resources survey of ca. 725 acres of the former Leander Rehabilitation Center. The project area lies adjacent to U.S. Highway 183 and FM 620 in southern Williamson County, Texas. The survey resulted in additional documentation of one previously recorded prehistoric archeological site (41 WM452), the identification and recording of four historic archeological sites (41WM892, 41WM893, 41WM896, and 41WM897), and reconnaissance-level documentation of 45 historic buildings and structures. Site 41WM452 is an extensive upland lithic scatter and lithic procurement site which lacks subsurface deposits, features, and datable materials. Site …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 46, No. 1, Jean-Paul Benowitz, John Lowry Ruth, Paula T. Hradkowsky, Monica Mutzbauer

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• The Mennonites of Pennsylvania: A House Divided
• "Not Only Tradition, but Truth": Legend and Myth Fragments Among Pennsylvania Mennonites
• Mennonite Women and Centuries of Change in America
• "It is Painful to Say Goodbye": A Mennonite Family in Europe and America

A Mighty Maya Nation: How Caracol Built An Empire By Cultivating Its Middle Class, Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase

Anthropology Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Friendship: An African-American Community On The Prarie Margin Of Northeast Texas, Melissa M. Green, Duane E. Peter, Donna K. Shepard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The following report summarizes the findings of an intensive archival and oral history review, coupled with limited archeological investigations, of the small post-Reconstruction era African-American community of Friendship located on the Prairie Margin of Northeast Texas. The archival and oral history reviews concentrated on the community as a whole between the years of 1880 and 1945: its beginnings, its social and religious structures, its economic development, its interaction with other communities in the area, and ultimately, its demise. The archeological investigations were directed more toward individual sites or homesteads within the community. The results of these investigations have culminated into …

Confederate Veterans At Rest: Archeological And Bioacheological Investigations At The Texas State Cemetery, Travis County, Texas, Helen Danzeiser Dockall, Douglas K. Boyd, Martha Doty Freeman, Rolando L. Garza, Kevin E. Stork, Karl W. Kibler, Joan E. Baker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Since its inception in 1851, the Texas State Cemetery in Austin has risen in stature to become the state's premier burial place for state officials, historical figures, and prominent citizens. Extensive renovation work that began in 1995 necessitated an archeological study that included historic archival research, pedestrian survey, geomorphological assessment, mechanical testing in proposed construction zones, recording and investigation of historical features (including three unmarked graves) found in construction zones, and excavation and relocation of 57 graves of Confederate veterans and spouses. Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted these investigations between April and August of 1995. Archival research provides a concise …

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 45, No. 3, Susan L. F. Isaacs, Donald Roan, Debora Kodish, Lois Fernandez, Karen Buchholz, Susan Fellman Jacob, Ron Schlegel, Mindy Brandt

Pennsylvania Folklife Magazine

• Folklife at the Margins: Cultural Conservation for the Schuylkill Heritage Corridor
• The Goschenhoppen Historians: Preserving and Celebrating Pennsylvania German Folk Culture
• The African American Festival of Odunde: Twenty Years on South Street
• Joanna Furnace: Then and Now
• Port Clinton: A Peek Into the Past

Archeological Investigations For Fort Stabilization And Restoration, For Mckavett State Historical Park, Menard County, Texas: 1978-1990 Seasons, Amy C. Earls, John Leffler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The U.S. Army occupations at Fort McKavett from 1853 until 1859 and from 1868 until 1883 were part of Texas's frontier defense. During the Civil War and from 1883 until the present, civilians have inhabited and used the fort buildings, creating the small town of Fort McKavett. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department developed part of the town as a state historical park, restoring this property to its appearance during the second military occupation. Archeological investigations at the park between 1978 and 1990 focused on recovering architectural data and artifacts to support restoration, stabilization, and interpretation of the military occupations. …

The Oaks Plantation Rice Mill, Brookgreen Gardens, Georgetown County, South Carolina, James L. Michie

James L. Michie Archaeology Reports

Research Papers of the Waccamaw Center for Cultural and Historical Studies, Research Manuscript 9. Published by the Coastal Carolina University Waccamaw Center for Cultural and Historical Studies.

Caddo Ceramics On The Red River In North Central Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Earnest R. Martin, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Caddo ceramics manufactured after A.D. 900 were widely traded in Texas, being found in some quantity on North Central, East Central, Central, and inland Southeast Texas archeological sites. They were also traded with prehistoric peoples in the Midwest (as far north as Iowa and Illinois) and the Southeastern U.S. While archeologists have known this for some time, much of the ceramic evidence for prehistoric Caddoan trade and exchange with other Native Americans has not been systematically compiled and studied, as became apparent during a recent review of the prehistoric and historic aboriginal pottery in Texas. Consequently, Caddoan archeologists are not …

Archaeological Investigation At The Marshall Powder Mill (41hs17), Confederate States Of America 1863-1865, Harrison County, Texas: 1994 Season, Thomas E. Speir, David H. Jurney

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Northeast Texas Archeological Society, in conjunction with the East Texas, Dallas, and Tarrant County archeological societies, reinstated archaeological investigations at the Marshall Powder Mill (41HS17) in 1994 following several years of delicate negotiations with the landowner about the value of preserving this archaeological site. The Marshall Powder Mill manufactured gunpowder, small arms and cannon, and refurbished weaponry, and was one of several arsenals that served the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America from 1863 to 1865. None have been thoroughly investigated archaeologically, however, thereby ignoring a major aspect of the Confederacy's war effort, and an important industrial …

The Womack, Gilbert, And Pearson Sites: Early Eighteenth Century Tunican Entrepots In Northeast Texas, Frank Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

For the past few months, I have been working on a detailed response to a paper by James Bruseth, Diane Wilson, and Timothy Perttula published in the fall issue of Plains Anthropologist. There, these authors challenge my Sanders entrepot hypothesis and my new paradigm for the Mississippi period archeology of the Arkansas Valley, claiming that the Sanders focus, as propounded by Alex D. Krieger, is alive and well, so much so that they have renamed it the Sanders phase to ready it for service in the 1990s and beyond.

The Caddoan Oak Hill Village Site, J. Brett Cruse, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Rarely do prehistoric archeologists in North America have the opportunity to completely excavate and study an entire Native American community or village. To be able to expose a Native American village in its entirety provides a unique, and unprecedented, view of the past community and social arrangements that existed among Native American societies before contact with Europeans.

Recently, in northeast Texas, the Oak Hill Village site (41RK214), a large village occupied by prehistoric horticultural-agricultural Caddo peoples between about A.O. 1050 and 1450, was fully uncovered under the direction of J. Brett Cruse (then of Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc., Austin, …

Book Review: Archeology In The Eastern Planning Region, Texas: A Planning Document, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

With the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 and ensuing regulatory guidelines, a mandate for the development of "The State Historic Preservation Plan" was clearly established. During the late 1960s and the 1970s, because of limited funding and the absence of information on the structure of these plans, few states had formulated plans or if they had state plans, they were of an extremely general nature. In the 1980s, principally through funding initiatives on the part of the National Park Service and through the efforts of NPS preservation planners such as John Knoerl, many states began their …

"Historical Processes And The Political Organization Of The Hasinai Caddo Indians": A Reply, Nancy Adele, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In a recent volume of the Caddoan Archeology Newsletter, Daniel Hickerson argues that Apache aggression across the Southern Plains, Apache trade in horses and other European goods, and European-introduced diseases dramatically affected Caddo an populations by encouraging their migration south to the upper Neches/Angelina river basins area traditionally occupied by one segment of the Caddo, the Hasinai groups. In his opinion, the Hasinai confederacy was a nascent chiefdom that developed as a direct result of this mid to late-seventeenth century southern migration. As has been pointed out by Caddoan ethnographers, ethnohistorians, and archeologists for 50 years or more, the Caddo …

The Arkansas River Valley: A New Paradigm, Revisionist Perspectives And The Archaeological Record, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Recent articles by Schambach have proposed a new paradigm for the late prehistoric period in the Arkansas River Valley. These arguments challenge traditional and long held views on the subsistence economy, architecture, material culture, biological character, and trade relationships of the prehistoric populations of the Arkansas River Valley, and the middle portion of the Red River (the Sanders phase area). My intention in this paper is to examine Schambach's arguments based on a comprehensive review of the archaeological record and by also drawing upon explanatory models of cultural and economic behavior. For the most part, my comments pertain to the …

Of Hearths And Houses, Tom Middlebrook, Ryan Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the 1993 East Texas Archeological Field School conducted at the Tyson site (41SY92) in western Shelby County, the junior author had an opportunity to participate in the excavation of a Caddoan hearth. The work was directed by Linda Lindsay, a graduate student in Anthropology at Southern Methodist University. This paper describes our findings and a few features of hearths and houses.

One goal of the 1993 Field School was to explore the area around Feature 3 looking for evidence of a house. This was accomplished by opening a 6 meter by 6 meter unit referred to as Block 1. …

Continuing The Discussion Of The Spiroans And Their Entrepots: A Reply To Brooks's Critique Of My New Paradigm/Or The Archeology Of The Arkansas Valley, Frank Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Although Brooks seems to agree with me that the archeology of the Arkansas Valley requires a new paradigm, he clearly believes that mine -- which he apparently considers a poorly founded Binfordian screed written primarily for its shock value -- is not the one. Where, according to Brooks, have I gone wrong in my work on the archeology of the Arkansas Valley? Which of my generalizations does he consider so poorly grounded empirically as to suggest, as he insinuates, professionally and perhaps even ethically questionable work, and in what ways does he consider them deficient?

An Archaeological Assessment Of The Alazan Acequia (41bx620) In The Five Points Area Of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 1996, while tunneling for a sewer line at the intersection of Cornell Street and Fredericksburg Road north of downtown San Antonio, contractors with the San Antonio River Authority (SARA) encountered late-nineteenth-century Alazan Acequia from 7-14ft below the modern surface. The Center for Archaeological Research entered into a contract with SARA to document the architecture and location of the acequia. The 1876 irrigation ditch, designated site 41BX620, was documented by photographs and measured drawings. A plan map of the location was drawn, and an artist's conception of the architecture involved was produced from photographs, drawings, and archaeologists' descriptions.