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“Standing In The Crater Of A Volcano”: Anti-Chinese Violence And International Diplomacy In The American West, Brent M. S. Campney

History Faculty Publications

This study investigates anti-Chinese violence in the American West—focusing primarily on events in the Arizona Territory between 1880 and 1912—and the role of diplomatic relations between the United States and China in tempering the worst excesses of that violence. Recent scholarship asserts that the Chinese rarely suffered lynching and were commonly targeted for other types of violence, including coercion, harassment, and intimidation. Building on that work, this study advances a definition of racist violence that includes a broad spectrum of attacks, including the threat of violence. While affirming that such “subtler” violence achieved many of the same objectives as the …

History Of The College Of The Holy Cross Naval Rotc Unit, The O'Callahan Society, College Of The Holy Cross

75th Anniversary of NROTC at Holy Cross

This history begins with an overview of the Naval ROTC Unit at the College of the Holy Cross, and includes several appendices that provide data on the Unit’s graduates, those killed on active duty, and awards for combat heroism. It also calls attention to transition points in the Unit’s history: the Vietnam War crisis in 1970 and 1971, the introduction of women to the Unit, the transition from a Holy Cross-only Unit to one based on the Worcester Consortium for Higher Education, the Peace Dividend years of the 1990s, the role of the Marine Officer Instructor, and the value of …

The Fight For Freedom Of Two Oppressed Groups: Indian Nationalism And African American Liberation, Denzel D. Goodman

Theses (2016-Present)

This study examines the activities of two revolutionaries, one Lala Har Dayal (1884-1939) who established in the U.S. the Ghadar Party as an Indian revolutionary party against the British rule in India and the other was Huey P. Newton (1942-1989) who was a founder of the Black Panther Party which violently agitated against the longstanding chokehold of the “White” rule over the African American people. Juxtaposing the two different time periods and two different continents, which are incompatible phenomena give further understanding of what caused both such movements, regarded as aggressive resistance by their peoples to their oppressive rulers, to …

The Boston Black United Front And Community-Centered Alternatives To The Carceral State, Joseph W. Sikowitz

Graduate Masters Theses

This thesis is a history of the Boston Black United Front’s (BBUF) activities combatting the growing carceral state in Massachusetts in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The BBUF was an “umbrella” organization within Boston’s Black community during the Black Power era and was particularly active on issues of police shootings, court appointments, prison reform, and street crime. This thesis examines these aspects of the carceral state, the network of criminal justice institutions that arose following World War II in Boston, and shows that the BBUF were responding to the early stages of this trend. Committees, rallies, and ideology were …

Blitzkrieg: The Evolution Of Modern Warfare And The Wehrmacht’S Impact On American Military Doctrine During The Cold War Era, Briggs Evans

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The evolution of United States military doctrine was heavily influenced by the Wehrmacht and their early Blitzkrieg campaigns during World War II. This thesis traces the origins of this development and shows how the context of the Cold War led to a heavy influence by the Wehrmacht on American military doctrine. By analyzing studies conducted by the United States Army Historical Division from 1946-1961, I will show how these studies left a profound impact on American Military doctrine, particularly in the context of the Cold War. I will show the development of the Active Defense Doctrine and AirLand Battle during …

Paradoxes Of The Heart And Mind: Three Case Studies In White Identity, Southern Reality, And The Silenced Memories Of Mississippi Confederate Dissent, 1860-1979, Billy Loper

Master's Theses

This thesis is meant to advance scholars understanding of the processes by which various groups silenced the memory of Civil War white dissent in Mississippi. It analyzes three case studies: F. A. P. Barnard’s 1860 trial for abolitionism, the transformation of community memory which surrounded Newt Knight in the early twentieth century, and Mississippi’s interaction with the Civil War through popular culture. These examples will reveal the cultural and discursive systems that have existed in the state for more than a century. This work argues that Mississippians silenced the memory of racial dissent throughout the state’s history because it conflicted …

Star Wars: The Clone Wars And Popular Culture In America, Ubaldo Zermeno

War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses

The Clone Wars animated series is part of the Star Wars storyline taking place before the original Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope. The central premise of The Clone Wars is that of war, one being waged by a biologically manufactured clone army. George Lucas’ intent for the original Star Wars was to create a social dialogue reflecting the ideological reasons for, and effects of, the Vietnam War. The Clone Wars continues Lucas’s examination of American wartime policies and their effects on society.

The themes in The Clone Wars are diverse; however, this analysis will cover the …

“It’S War That's Cruel”: The Evolution Of Wartime Representation And ‘The Other’ In The American Musical, Leana Sottile

War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses

Musical theater has historically been a venue for Americans to come to terms with our past and present on both a national and an individual level as it stages and restages war mythology on the Broadway Stage. As the nation has won, lost, and abandoned foreign conflicts, the connotation, remembrance, and commemoration of war in American memory has shifted from romanticizing former conflicts to renegotiating their memory. Thus, this project examines how twentieth-century war memory is represented in the American musical, starting in the 1940s and continuing up to the present day. To do so, the phenomenon will be examined …

Below-Deck: The Specialist Sailor In World War Ii, Gregory Falcon

War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses

U.S. Navy ships were made up of many unexpected jobs during World War II. Traditional war histories say little about sailors who rarely saw direct combat below active war decks but instead worked skilled jobs. Specialized sailors were often unseen as they worked below the waterline as, for example, electrician’s mates and boiler room firemen. These jobs were pivotal to keeping the ship running and allowed men to make use of their valuable time in the navy. This thesis argues that, although evolving naval culture led men to enter for various reasons, many entered to enhance their future career during …

“My Bruises Are Inward:” A Study Of Mental Trauma In The American Civil War, Cody Turnbaugh

Master's Theses

War is traumatic. Since the American Psychiatric Association first recognized post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 1980, living veterans of combat have been diagnosed at an alarmingly high rate. However, mental trauma related diagnoses have existed for centuries, including several that were identified around the time of the American Civil War. This thesis argues that Civil War soldiers experienced mental trauma related to their military service. It does so through three lenses. Focused on the mental trauma among Northern veterans, this study investigates in particular the relationship between mental trauma and socioeconomic status. It analyzes the experiences of both white and …

A Natural Arch: Ecological Imperialism And The “Crosby Effect” In American Environmental Historiography, Joseph Esparza

History in the Making

No abstract provided.

The Weight Of Silk: An Exploratory Account Into The Developing Relations Between Byzantium And China, Jeanna Lee

History in the Making

History has repeatedly proven that the nation, country, or region that controls the most key raw materials will dominate the surrounding global networks, be they economic, diplomatic, or political. When narrowing this focus to ancient Eurasian cultures, there are two obvious global powers: The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) in the West and the Chinese Empire in the East (the Han Dynasty). While the scholarly independent research conducted on these powers is incredibly rich, what is understood about their interactions is limited and constantly evolving. Evidence explained later in this article shows that there was little more than an awareness of …

The Virago Paradigm Of Female Sanctity: Constructing The Masculine Woman In Medieval Christianity, Angela Bolen

Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Latin word virago, in its simplest definition, means “a man-like, warrior woman.” For Christian men and women in the Patristic era and the central Middle Ages, the virago represented a woman who denied all biological characteristics of her womanhood, fiercely protected her virginity, and fully embodied the virtues of Christian masculinity. The virago paradigm of female sanctity, a creation of male writers, reconciled a pervasive fear of the female sex with an obvious admiration for holy women. Additionally, the virago model maintained the supremacy of masculine virtues, upheld a patriarchal hierarchy, and created a metaphorical space that validated …

The Bodies Of The Condemned: The Return Of The Body As The Object Of State Power, Kenzo E. Okazaki

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

This paper provides a historical analysis of the genealogy of American policing and attempts to explain the return of state power to individual bodies. It argues that this return was informed by French counterinsurgency strategies in Algeria. Through engagement with Foucault's analysis of power and surveillance practices, it aims to shed light on and help us better understand and combat police brutality today.

Immodest Immortality: Emperor Maximilian I'S Artistic Program And The Ambraser Heldenbuch, 1504-1519, Jessica Cochran

History ETDs

Maximilian I (r. 1493-1519) utilized various forms of artistic and literary media throughout his reign to control his public image after his death. This thesis focuses on a manuscript project that has historically received little scholarly attention. The Ambraser Heldenbuch, produced between 1504 and 1517, preserves German heroic epics, many of which would otherwise be lost today. The manuscript has been highly valued for its literary and linguistic significance, but this thesis argues that the entire project sheds light on Maximilian’s plan to immortalize not only his own reputation, but also that of his family. This thesis focuses on …

The Transformation Of Identity In Early Medieval England: Continuity, Disruption, And Creolization, Michael Sean Limmer

History ETDs

The period following Rome’s administrative withdrawal from Britain (c. 410 CE) has sparked intense debate for centuries, spawning a variety of theories concerning ethnic identity and the nature of cultural exchange on the island. Presently, the very nature of the term “Anglo-Saxon” itself is at the center of these discussions. This thesis examines historical, archaeological, and genetic evidence to cast a light on who constituted the people of Britain during this migration period through to the time of Alfred, and to what extent creolization might have played out. Ultimately, the evidence from this period suggests that ethnic identities cannot reasonably …

Making Of Modern Tampa: A City Of The New South, 1885-1911, Durward Long

Florida Historical Quarterly

Historican have yet to devote the thought and research to urbanization in the South that the subject deserves. Coulter’s brief attention to the growth and role of cities and towns in the Reconstruction era, Van Woodward’s similarly brief concern with cities in his Origins of the New South, Ezell’s short treatment in his textbook survey, Park’s interpretative chapter in Couch’s Culture in the South, and Vance’s edited work on the recent South nearly exhaust the list of serious histories which offer even slight leads about southern urbanization. A survey of the Journal of Southern History and state historical journals is …

Intervention And Reaction: Florida Newspapers And United States Entry In World War I, C. Peter Ripley

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida newspapers largely ignored the war in Europe until 1917. In early January there was only an occasional mention of the international situation except for brief reports on the fighting. But by mid-February the possibility, and in some cases the inevitability, of United States involvement in the war was a major editorial topic. A month later a majority of the papers favored America’s joining the crusade to make the world “safe for democracy.”

Florida Frontier Incidents During The 1850s, George C. Bittle

Florida Historical Quarterly

From a military viewpoint Florida’s frontier at the beginning of the 1850s was relatively quiet. There was no significant warfare, but the Indian question was far from settled. Governor Thomas Brown’s message to the Florida legislature in 1850 repeated many previous statements and complained about the almost total disorganization of Florida’s militia. Governor Brown typically blamed this situation on the current militia law’s unwieldy nature. However, it should be noted, that Florida military officials had not made the militia returns required by the federal government since 1845. There would seem to be some question therefore, concerning the state’s desire to …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of Harman, Trade and Privateering in Spanish Florida, 1732-1763, by Robert L. Gold; Carswell, Holmes Valley: A West Florida Cradle of Christianity, by John D. Ware; Snodgrass, Papers: Jacksonville Historical Society, Volume V, by O. Z. Tyler, Jr.; Castanien, El Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, and Varner, El Inca: The Life and Times of Garcilaso de la Vega, by Luis Rafael Arana; Halbert and Ball, The Creek War of 1813 and 1814, and Longstreet, War Cries on Horseback: The Story of the Indian Wars of the Great Plains, by John K. Mahon; Onis, Memoria Sobre las Negociaciones Entre Espana …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Reviews of Brooks, From Saddlebags to Satellites: A History of Florida Methodism, by Walter B. Posey; Brown, Amphibious Campaign for West Florida and Louisiana, 1814-1815: Critical Review of Strategy and Tactics at New Orleans, by Frank L. Owsley, Jr.; Gold, Borderland Empires in Transition: Triple-Nation Transfer of Florida, by John J. TePaske; Will, Swamp to Sugar Bowl: Pioneer Days in Belle Glade, by Jeanne Bellamy; Richards, Florida’s Hibiscus City: Vero Beach, by Ernest F. Lyons; Woodward, Pocahontas, by Robert R. Rea; Rogers, Jr., Charleston in the Age of the Pinckneys, by Ernest M. Lander, Jr.; Royall (ed. by Griffith), Letters …

A Threatening Heresy: Cathar And Protestant Identity Against Catholicism In France Between The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) And The French Wars Of Religion (1562-1598), Jonathan Wright

History ETDs

The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) and the French Wars of Religion (1562- 1598) were two of the most violent moments in French history. Both involved the persecution of a perceived minority by Catholic forces, and both left irreparable scars on the area of Occitania in the south of France. Battles along river fronts and the clandestine boat smuggling of heretics were actions undertaken by a heretical Cathar group that confronted orthodox religion. Water became a critical part of the creation of a persecuted minority in Occitania. Intensifying Cathar heresy led to increased violence in the Wars of Religion as Catholic aggression …

To The Land Of Unlimited Opportunities: Finkbeiner And Gaiser Stories, Carol Finkbeiner Steinhauer

Works by Local Authors

To the Land of Unlimited Opportunities tell the storiies of the Finkbeiner and Gaiser families from the late 1700's until today.

To the Land of Unlimited Opportunities, ends with the deaths of John and Lydia Finkbeiner. This hardly ends our story. Their seven sons and daughters-in-law gave them thirty-two grandchildren, all but two reached adulthood. Sadly, their only daughter Esther passed away as a young adult in 1926. Five of the seven sons of John and Lydia became ministers of the gospel while two remained on the land and increased the size of the farm over the years. For many …

Arguments For Banning Autonomous Weapon Systems: A Critique, Hunter Cantrell

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership Special Volumes

No abstract provided.

Empathy And Jus In Bello, Kevin Cutright

The International Journal of Ethical Leadership Special Volumes

No abstract provided.

Critical Hermeneutics And The Counter Narrative Of Ledger Art, Katie Fuller

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

Too often historical artworks in schools, textbooks, cultural institutions, and public spaces share a narrative that bolsters white-centered histories, but when an historical artwork is studied as text it creates room for multiple perspectives (Newfield, 2011) expanding the narrative to include subjugated histories. Looking at art through the philosophy of hermeneutics opens up questions and conflicts that arise within texts based on interpretations of those texts (Leonardo, 2003). This paper will apply the philosophy of hermeneutics to critique historical memory, and it will present ledger art as a visual text and counter narrative to dominant white narratives. Ledger art emerged …

Judicial Review As An Instrument Of Natural Rights Theory: An Intellectual History, James M. Masnov

Dissertations and Theses

The unique and antidemocratic power of judicial review by the United States Supreme Court is not a bug, but a feature. Its role was critical in establishing and affirming a separation of powers horizontally among the federal branches as well as vertically between the federal government and the individual states. More than this, the Court's power of judicial review acts as an instrument of rights theory and is informed by a rich and rarely-discussed intellectual history. Though judicial review as a mode of constitutional law and the legal history surrounding it has been discussed by various legal scholars, political scientists, …

All The King’S Horses: Stable Administration In New Kingdom Egypt, Tessa Genevieve David Litecky

Theses and Dissertations

Horses were an important part of Egyptian society during the New Kingdom as tools of warfare, status symbols of the elite, and an emblem of the power of kingship. However, little is known about how these animals were trained and cared for, or who was working in horse stables and their roles. There are no texts or images that explicitly explain methods of horse management. Therefore, this topic has been generally overlooked in the literature. This thesis combines two threads of evidence to create a more complete picture of the organization, purpose, and function of horse stables and the treatment …

Cinderella’S Star: The Cp 140 Aurora And The Evolution Of The Royal Canadian Air Force’S Modern Long Range Patrol Capability, 1939-2015, Richard Mayne

Canadian Military History

This article traces the story of the Royal Canadian Air Force’s maritime air capability and the incredible ups and downs it has experienced throughout its service to the nation. Whether it was the stunning highs that it enjoyed during the Second World War and Cold War eras as well as the recovery it has made during recent overseas operations on the one hand, or the extreme lows it faced after the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of the Soviet Union on the other, the maritime air community has led a life of boom and bust. Its story therefore …

“He Would Be Expected To Crack:” Battle Exhaustion, Desertion And The Court Martial Of Lieutenant R. J. Woods, Matthew Barrett

Canadian Military History

This article examines psychological breakdown, combat stress and military justice through the 1945 general court martial of Lieutenant Reginald James Woods. During his first day in combat with the Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) on 17 August 1944, the twenty-five-year-old platoon leader disappeared. Woods remerged nearly two months later in London where he claimed to suffer from amnesia. The subsequent medical investigation and legal proceedings forced Canadian authorities to grapple with assumptions about combat leadership, mental responsibility and criminal culpability. This article adopts a graphic history approach to illustrate the subjective and contingent nature of memory and truth through the fog …