Digital Commons Network^™

Stone Monuments Of Northern Lake Eyasi Basin At Olpiro, Oldogom And Olbili Sites In The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania: Revisited Perspectives, Musa S. Mwitondi, Pastory Bushozi, Albert S. Mjandwa

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Despite the outstanding contribution of Lake Eyasi Basin to human origins and cultural development from the middle stone age (MSA) to the historic period, other archaeological occurrences in the area with outstanding cultural values such as burial cairns, stone enclosures, megalithic walls, and dolmens have remained less emphatic among scholars. Although these are widespread across the cultural landscape of the region, yet they have attracted little scientific attention. These stone monuments were first reported in the 1960s and 1970s, and precisely correlated to the agricultural terraces of Engaruka, the astonishing late iron age agricultural scheme of northern Tanzania. This study …

The United States And Portuguese Angola: Space, Race, And The Cold War In Africa, Alex J. Marino

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is an international history of the role of the United States in the process of decolonization in Angola, a former colony of Portugal. I argue that the United States embraced Portugal, Angola, and neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo as irreplaceable Cold War allies. Decolonization in Africa challenged America’s relationship with all three countries, as competing forces within the American public called for Washington to adopt an anti-colonial, anti- racist ideology, while others demanded their government to support white supremacy at home and abroad. Decolonization in Angola, a protracted liberation struggle that started in 1961 and lasted until 1974, …

Amjambo Africa! (April 2021), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

COVID-19 denial in Burundi and Tanzania.....................2

Cameroonian deportations..3

In Her Presence .................4/5

Health care

Vaccine Q&A

Amjambo’s 3rd birthday.......6

MEBIC..................................10

Dr. Shah on vaccine safety.11

Magufuli of Tanzania..........12

World Market Basket..........14

Farming

African donuts

Soil safety..............................15

Baking Academy.................18

Bikes for all Mainers...........19

Childcare..............................20

Finance................................21

Columns & letters..............................24/25/26/27

Bangor/DEI..........................28

Novruz Festival....................29

Gisele Mukundwa...............31

Musical diversity.................31

Translations

French..................................7

Swahili.................................8

Somali..................................9

Kinyarwanda.....................22

Portuguese.........................23

The Lingering Shadows: An Examination Of Collective Memory From Vietnam To The War On Terrorism, Kenneth Henry Decker 21

Honor Scholar Theses

No abstract provided.

Archaeological Perspective On The Impacts Of Caravan Trade Expansion In East Africa: Emerging Alternative Histories, Thomas J. Biginagwa, Philbert Katto

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The last two decades have witnessed an increase of archaeological research interest in the East African caravan trade, a topic that was traditionally exclusive to historians. Long-term empirical evidence currently generated by archaeologists continues to consolidate our understanding of the caravan trade, and helps to question some inferences previously drawn from colonial libraries. This paper presents archaeological evidence unearthed from the Northern and Southern caravan routes located in the corresponding areas in the contemporary northern and southern Tanzania. The paper engages material evidence to re-examine some of the consequences of the caravan trade commonly reported in historical writings. Doing so, …

Labor-Power As It’S Found: Surplus Labor And Development Initiatives In Revolutionary Zanzibar, Adam Benjamin

Munn Scholars Awards

This essay will explore the power dynamics between the state and these new workers in early-independence Zanzibar, drawing on interviews and surveys conducted on the island. It begins with the colonial background, analyzing how the British created semi-proletarianized and transient classes to facilitate market production. Then, I will explore how the developmental regime took over hollowed out colonial institutions and used surplus labor to fulfill their ambitions, which will be followed by a social history of working conditions for these laborers. Next, I take a brief look at land reform movements and instabilities in this political economy, and conclude by …

Roundabout - How The United States Government Creates Cyclical Terrorism As It Responds To Domestic And Foreign Terrorism, Sarah Selch Andrews

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

Terrorism is frequently studied as a linear transaction between actors, usually a government and one or more extremists of some sort, be they individuals or groups. The focus in this thesis is on the United States government and international jihadist extremists, specifically Al-Qaeda, a conflict which often is covered in one of two ways: extremist action is the provocation and government policy (up to and including military engagement) is the reaction, or alternatively, foreign policy is the initiating action and what we call "terrorism" is merely a response.

This paper argues that neither approach is sufficient and proposes a model …

Tanzanian Rule While Zanzibar Plays The Fool? The Invalidity Of Zanzibari Unease Over Tanzanian Mainland Dominance, 1964–1991, Bhadrajee S. Hewage

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

On April 26, 1964, the People’s Republic of Zanzibar merged with the Republic of Tanganyika to form the Tanzanian Union. Yet the circumstances surrounding the formation of this Union and the nature of the Union itself raise several unanswered questions. Indeed, some Zanzibaris fear that their island archipelago has been effectively “taken over” by Tanganyika through the guise of the Union government of the Tanzanian mainland. This manuscript explains how Zanzibari fears over the archipelago’s usurpation have no basis since the current and evolving nature of Zanzibar’s autonomy and legal rights have enabled the islands to become a strong player …

The Western Media And The Portrayal Of The Rwandan Genocide, Cherice Joyann Estes

History in the Making

On December 9, 1948, the United Nations established its Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Genocides, however, have continued to occur, affecting millions of people around the globe. The 1994 genocide in Rwanda resulted in an estimated 800,000 deaths. Global leaders were well aware of the atrocities, but failed to intervene. At the same time, the Western media's reports on Rwanda tended to understate the magnitude of the crisis. This paper explores the Western media's failure to accurately interpret and describe the Rwandan Genocide. Recognizing the outside media’s role in mischaracterizations of the Rwanda situation …

Amjambo Africa! (September 2020), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In This Issue...

Indigo Arts Alliance.....................p.2

publisher’s editorial.....................p.4

registering to vote.......................p.4

French............................................p.5

Swahili...........................................p.6

Somali............................................p.7

School resource officers ..............p.8

U.S.-Canada border.....................p.8

News from Africa.........................p.9

Finance/buying a home.............p.10

Guest columns..............11/14/20/21

World market basket...........p.12/13

Héritier Nosso............................p.15

Community org. News........p.16/17

Kinyarwanda..............................p.18

portuguese .................................p.19

outdoor learning.......................p.23

bus Shelters................................p.23

Practicing Pan-Africanism: West Indians And Governance In Kwame Nkrumah's Ghana., Nicholas C. Mcleod

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

After gaining independence from England, Kwame Nkrumah, the first President of Ghana, was transparent in his embrace of the entire African diaspora and actively recruited a number of Pan-African West Indian intellectual-activists, who mentored and advised him as a student in London, to help build Ghana as a Pan-Africanist state. Among these West Indian intellectual-activists were George Padmore, W. Arthur Lewis, T. Ras Makonnen, and Jan Carew. For these West Indians the appeal of Ghana was neither symbolic nor ceremonial, but rather an opportunity to achieve the ultimate objective of the Pan-African movement, a free and self-governed African continent. In …

Women’S Attitudes Towards Wife-Beating In Tanzania: Evidence From The 2015/16 National Demographic And Health Survey, Magashi Joseph, Neema Msenda

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Approval of wife-beating implies a continuous women victimisation which affects their health, wellbeing, and their involvement in productive activities in the economy. The study intends to investigate socioeconomic determinants of approval of wife-beating in Tanzania. The analysis uses cross-sectional data of a representative sample of 5,889 married women from the 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Result shows that about 60% of married women approve wife-beating from their partners/husbands in Tanzania. Further, multivariate logistic regression estimates reveal that approval of wife beating is negatively associated with women involvement in decision-making, household economic status, women’s and partner’s education, and women media …

Adventism In East Africa: Were The Initial Mission Strategies Effective?, Christopher R. Mwashinga

Andrews University Seminary Student Journal

The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is one of the fastest-growing Christian denominations in the world. Studies show that the SDA Church in Africa in general and East Africa, in particular, has recorded tremendous growth since it was introduced in the region in the early 1900s. This article surveys the first fifty years of the beginning and development of the SDA Church in East African (1903–1953). It focuses on the three initial mission strategies employed by early Adventist missionaries to East Africa, including education, medical care, and publishing work. Early Adventist missionaries to East Africa established educational and medical institutions alongside …

Helmand: The U.S. Marines And Counterinsurgency In Afghanistan, 2010-2012, Taylor L. Lewis

Master's Theses

In the years following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, American troops contended with insurgent forces resistant to conventional tactics. General David Petraeus, along with other military experts, addressed the need for new strategies with the publication of Warfighting Publication 3-33.5 (3-33.5) in 2006. The manual laid out methods by which American troops should quell insurgent threats in Iraq and Afghanistan. This thesis is concerned with how the Marine Corps enacted the policies of 3-33.5 in Helmand Province between 2010 and 2012.

The tenants of this new manual were tested in the years following President Barak Obama’s commitment of …

The Coulter Principle: For The Good Of Humankind, Marshall Graham

Theses and Dissertations--History

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 made Wallace H. Coulter abruptly comprehend the critical need for rapid and accurate blood-cell counts in providing care for victims of radiation exposure. This thesis documents the unwritten story of his journey from that comprehension through his invention and implementation of the Coulter Principle, its commercialization in the first widely available automated blood-cell counter, and elaboration of that ground-breaking counter into increasingly sophisticated instrumentation for analysis not only of blood cells, but of particles involved in many other scientific disciplines. International cold-war politics and the burgeoning of increasingly powerful nuclear …

Ada News - 11/18/2019, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Making A World After Empire : The Bandung Moment And Its Political Afterlives, Christopher J. Lee

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

In April 1955, twenty-nine countries from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East came together for a diplomatic conference in Bandung, Indonesia, intending to define the direction of the postcolonial world. Ostensibly representing two-thirds of the world’s population, the Bandung conference occurred during a key moment of transition in the mid-twentieth century—amid the global wave of decolonization that took place after the Second World War and the nascent establishment of a new Cold War world order in its wake. Participants such as Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Zhou Enlai of China, and Sukarno of Indonesia seized this …

Age Of Concrete : Housing And The Shape Of Aspiration In The Capital Of Mozambique, David Morton

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

Age of Concrete is a history of the making of houses and homes in the subúrbios of Maputo (Lourenço Marques), Mozambique, from the late 1940s to the present. Often dismissed as undifferentiated, ahistorical “slums,” these neighborhoods are in fact an open-air archive that reveals some of people’s highest aspirations. At first people built in reeds. Then they built in wood and zinc panels. And finally, even when it was illegal, they risked building in concrete block, making permanent homes in a place where their presence was often excruciatingly precarious.

Unlike many histories of the built environment in African cities, Age …

The Migration Of Indians To Eastern Africa: A Case Study Of The Ismaili Community, 1866-1966, Azizeddin Tejpar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Much of the Ismaili settlement in Eastern Africa, together with several other immigrant communities of Indian origin, took place in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries. This thesis argues that the primary mover of the migration were the edicts, or Farmans, of the Ismaili spiritual leader. They were instrumental in motivating Ismailis to go to East Africa. Although there were other Indian groups from the general geographical area of Western Indian and Gujarat who also migrated to East Africa, the crucial factor in the migration of Ismailis were the edicts or Farmans of the Imams. My thesis argues …

Ada News - 03/18/2019, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Ada News - 02/04/2019, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Historiography Of Industrialization In Nigeria: 1914–1960, Chris. B.N Ogbogbo, Ayodele Samuel Aborisade

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The historiography of industrialization in Nigeria has a rich but confused literature. Scholars from various disciplinary orientations have engaged this subject matter from perspectives that have complexified the idea and concept of industrialization in a colonial state. This study interrogates the various perspectives of intellectual inquiry on industrialization of colonial Nigeria, and argues that although industries and industrial activities existed in pre-colonial and colonial Nigeria, industrialization between 1914 and 1960, as portrayed by a number of scholars, was a farce. Thus, the interrogation of theoretical and historical explanation of industrialization by scholars as one of the important components of colonial …

The Socialist World In The Second Age Of Globalization: An Alternative History?, James M. Robertson

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

The history of the Second Age of Globalization (from 1945 through to the present) has traditionally been told through the lens of either the industrially advanced First World, or, more critically, the developing countries of the Third World. Less is known about the experience of globalization in the so-called “Second World”, the socialist states of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites. The following review essay draws on recent work in the history of globalization to show that, contrary to long-held assumptions that socialism was an autarkic system that cut countries off from the wider world, post-war socialist countries …

“The Peace Of The Graveyard”: Remembrance And Memorialization Of Crimes Against Humanity In Colonial Southwest Africa And East Africa, Drew Mesa

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

How does one analyze the memorialization or remembrance of an event, or pair of events, when they have been nearly forgotten? To many individuals, the Herero and Nama Genocide in Namibia and the Maji Maji Rebellion in Tanzania are unknown; however, these two events decimated a region and left a lasting impact that is still felt to this day. In recent years, the Herero and Nama tragedy has become increasingly well-known to the international community. But why has this genocide in Namibia become the focus of attention, while the atrocities in Tanzania have remained largely unknown? Namibia’s connections to the …

Guide To The Rozell (Prexy) Nesbitt Anti-Apartheid Collection, College Archives & Special Collections

Collection Guides / Finding Aids

This guide describes the organization and scope of the Rozell (Prexy) Nesbitt archival collection, housed within the College Archives & Special Collections at Columbia College Chicago. An element of the Chicago Anti-Apartheid Movement Collection, the Rozell (Prexy) Nesbitt Collection is comprised of materials related to Nesbitt's time as an anti-apartheid activist and labor organizer.

Transnational Terrorism And The African Union: From Ideal Aspirations To Harsh Realities In Somalia And Mali, Vincent Pierre Cheramie

Senior Honors Theses

This paper will question why the African Union has been unsuccessful in confronting the rising issue of transnational terrorism. It looks at the history of both the Organization of African Unity and the African Union and examines the measures the two organizations have taken in preventing and combating terrorism. The particular history of African States and their relation to the term “terrorism” is discussed in this section. In this light, I analyze the African Union’s peacekeeping missions in both Somalia and Mali to determine why they have failed to stop the spread of transnational terrorism. In conclusion, I will discuss …

An Elusive Peace: The Foreign Policy Challenges Of The Clinton Administration In A Post-Cold War World, Jennifer Perrett Galiouras

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

ABSTRACT In modern US history, the 1990s are often regarded as “The Decade of Peace and Prosperity.” Though the liberalization of markets and a technology boom fueled American prosperity, expectations of post-Cold War peace remained elusive. The purpose of this study is to observe how in the moment when the US became the world’s superpower, it also began to retreat from a position of active leadership. Elected in 1992, President Bill Clinton looked towards the United Nations as the answer to keeping peace around the globe. His administration’s policies of democratic enlargement and aggressive multilateralism aimed to combine the spread …

A Good Measure Of Sacrifice: Aspects Of Zambia’S Contribution To The Liberation Wars In Southern Africa, 1964-1975, Clarence Chongo

Zambia Social Science Journal

From the early 1960s, and throughout the 1970s, southern African liberation movements successfully waged wars of national liberation, forcing white minority regimes to negotiate independence under black majority rule. This success partly stemmed from extensive diplomatic, military, and material support extended to various liberation movements by regional alliances such as the frontline states and transnational state actors and solidarity movements. This article examines salient aspects of Zambia’s contribution as a prominent regional actor to the liberation wars in southern Africa. In doing so, it underlines the nature and significance of Zambia’s support for the liberation movements. I argue that Zambia’s …

'Grounding' Walter Rodney In Critical Pedagogy: Toward Praxis In African History, Seneca Vaught

South

This essay attempts to address the dilemma of theory and praxis, what Freire referred to as “mere verbalism,” by examining one historical instance of critical pedagogy in history education. This essay argues that Walter Rodney’s curriculum, as detailed in his syllabi on “Historians and Revolutions” and "Groundings," helps educators better understand how to more effectively bridge the gap between a critical pedagogical theory and praxis in African history. Using Rodney as an example of a critical pedagogy theorist and practitioner, this essay explores how concerned historians (and those who use history as a basis for teaching) can traverse traditional disciplinary …

Guide To Resources On Africa, Ida E. Jones

Moorland Spingarn Research Center Publications

No abstract provided.