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Articles 1681 - 1710 of 1883

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Evolving Tenure Rights And Agricultural Intensification In Southwestern Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray Jan 2001

Evolving Tenure Rights And Agricultural Intensification In Southwestern Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray

Economics

Popular and official representations of the environment in Burkina Faso present soils as fragile and potentially subject to catastrophic collapse in fertility. In the cotton growing zone of southwestern Burkina Faso, researchers and policy makers attribute changes in land cover and land quality to population growth. This paper presents evidence questioning the dominant "population-degradation narrative" as applied to Burkina. We find that farmers are intensifying their production systems. While population has led to land scarcity, farmers are responding to both the resulting uncertainty in land rights and reductions in soil quality by intensifying the production process. Investments are used both …

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Aids In Ontario: An Examination Of Mobility Patterns And Spatial Variations (Immune Deficiency), Holly Nadean Innes Jan 2001

Aids In Ontario: An Examination Of Mobility Patterns And Spatial Variations (Immune Deficiency), Holly Nadean Innes

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The primary objective of this thesis is to examine mobility patterns of people with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in terms of where they go for testing, treatment and support. The secondary objective is to examine and describe spatial variations in the prevalence of AIDS among the forty-two Public Health Units (PHUs) of Ontario, and to explain the processes underlying these patterns. An assessment of the spatial perspective will be completed utilizing two contributors. The first employs the process of interviewing the AIDS Educators at the Ontario PHUs and capturing their impressions as to what is occurring within their areas regarding …

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Gis-Based Decision Support For Drained Wetland Resoration In The Eel River Watershed Of N. E. Indiana, Xiangheng Yang Dec 2000

Gis-Based Decision Support For Drained Wetland Resoration In The Eel River Watershed Of N. E. Indiana, Xiangheng Yang

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research is to develop cost-effect and accurate methods to identify optimal restorable drained wetland cropland sites. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data analysis was used to identify the potential cropland candidate sites in the initial step. The result of digital TM data analysis shows that the overall classification accuracy in identifying classes of potential restoration candidate hydric soils is 86.7%. This accuracy shows that the TM data digital analysis is a cost-effective method for identifying poorly drained cropland hydric soils potentially suitable for wetland conversiOn. To support multi-factorial analysis in the final site screening, a Spatial Decision …

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Comparative Analysis Of Thebes And Kirk Lithic Technology And Home Range Implications In Southwestern Indiana, Mark E. Cantin Aug 2000

Comparative Analysis Of Thebes And Kirk Lithic Technology And Home Range Implications In Southwestern Indiana, Mark E. Cantin

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Early Archaic populations are typically characterized as highly mobile forager groups with expansive home ranges, though little distinction is made between systems of penecontemporaneous groups. This thesis will investigate and compare home range size, technology, and material type and quality selection practices between two Early Archaic populations as manifested by Kirk and Thebes Cluster projectile points in a data set recovered from southwestern Indiana. The mechanisms behind and the relationships between chert selection and mobility will be shown as a complex feedback loop. As such, the role of curation, embeddedness, and risk management in technological organization and the potential influence …

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Crop-Raiding Elephants And Conservation Implications At Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia, Philip J. Nyhus, Sumianto, Ronald Tilson Jan 2000

Crop-Raiding Elephants And Conservation Implications At Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia, Philip J. Nyhus, Sumianto, Ronald Tilson

Faculty Scholarship

Crop raiding by wild elephants is one of the most significant sources of park–people conflict in Sumatra, Indonesia. The distribution, impact and conservation implications of elephant crop-raiding in 13 villages that border Way Kambas National Park in southern Sumatra were studied for 18 months. The data are based on rapid village and field assessments, data logs maintained by village observers and a quantitative household survey. Elephants raided crops year-round at a mean rate of 0.53 elephants per day for the entire study area. The frequency of crop raiding was related to vegetation type along the park border, the size and …

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Working Towards A Cartographic Lexicon: The Role Of Units, Structure, Content, And Expression In Geographic Information, Michael Charles Fabbri Jan 2000

Working Towards A Cartographic Lexicon: The Role Of Units, Structure, Content, And Expression In Geographic Information, Michael Charles Fabbri

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis was conceived from an interdisciplinary perspective towards the advancement of cartographic research and geographic education. The primary focus is to understand the cognitive process of cartographic communication as an approach both to improvements in design and to teaching and learning of the cartographic language. Specifically, it attempts to understand more about how the map functions. It accepts that the map is a functional graphic display, whose main purpose is to represent, communicate, and store geographical information, which allows a focus on what that geographical information is conceptually. The essential goal of map use is geographic comprehension, and if …

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The Historical Geography Of The Distilling Industry In Ontario: 1850-1900, Tanya Lynn Mackinnon Jan 2000

The Historical Geography Of The Distilling Industry In Ontario: 1850-1900, Tanya Lynn Mackinnon

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

A significant change occurred in the spatial pattern of Ontario’s distilling industry during the second half of the nineteenth century. Around 1850 there were approximately 150 distilleries and, by 1871, there were only 19. The industry went from numerous small, local distilleries to a few large industrial enterprizes. This industry was one of the manufacturing industries to lead the way during Canada’s industrial revolution. By 1871, the beginnings of whisky region was created for Canada in Southern Ontario, based on the “Big Five”: Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd. located in Walkerville near Windsor; Joseph E. Seagram in Waterloo; Gooderham & …

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Shoreline Bluff Failures: A Gis Assessment Of Susceptibility And Risk For Lake Erie's North Central Shore (Ontario), Nathan Joel Badger Jan 2000

Shoreline Bluff Failures: A Gis Assessment Of Susceptibility And Risk For Lake Erie's North Central Shore (Ontario), Nathan Joel Badger

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

One of the characteristic features of the north shore of Lake Erie is its steep, eroding bluffs. Combined with an increase in human presence and pressures at the shoreline, the failure of these slopes has become hazardous. Over the past two decades alone, slope failures have been responsible for millions of dollars of damage to shoreline property, as well as the deaths and near deaths of a number of individuals. Despite the seriousness of this hazard, few studies have identified specific hazard areas and their associated risk of failure along Lake Erie's north shore, and other reaches in the Great …

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Assessing The Role Of Geographical Information Systems (Gis) In The Classroom, Christopher D. Storie Jan 2000

Assessing The Role Of Geographical Information Systems (Gis) In The Classroom, Christopher D. Storie

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Only within the past few years has the diffusion of geographical information systems (GIS) technologies made their way down the educational ladder. Until recently GIS was largely restricted to the confines of upper year university and college programs in Canada. Over time, the instruction of GIS has made its way towards first and second year post secondary students. Recently, GIS has been gaining popularity within the High School curriculum and continues to filter its way down the educational hierarchy. This thesis covers two major areas pertaining to GIS in education. The first area deals with the literature pertaining to GIS, …

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Adaptation Of Ghanaian Immigrants In Metropolitan Toronto: A Focus On The Spatial Aspects Of Their Labour Market Activity (Ontario), Edmund Nkansah Okoree Jan 2000

Adaptation Of Ghanaian Immigrants In Metropolitan Toronto: A Focus On The Spatial Aspects Of Their Labour Market Activity (Ontario), Edmund Nkansah Okoree

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The major thrust or aim of this study, which focuses on the Ghanaian immigrant population living in Metropolitan Toronto (which has the largest proportion of Ghanaians in Canada), was to find out whether respondents living in the main area of Ghanaian concentration in Metropolitan Toronto have different socio-economic characteristics from those living away from the main Ghanaian concentration, as is suggested by the general urban ethnic literature. It had three specific research objectives. First, the study sought to ascertain the relationship between the residential location patterns of Ghanaian immigrants in Metropolitan Toronto and their socio-economic characteristics, as defined by their …

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Intelligent Visualization And Automated Processing For Large Scale Geographic Information Systems, Yu Jiang Dec 1999

Intelligent Visualization And Automated Processing For Large Scale Geographic Information Systems, Yu Jiang

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on developing a new output system that compacts maps in multiple projections into a single Geographic Information System (GIS) without visual errors, through constructing a discrete GIS database that is managed by a Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS). Unlike in a traditional large GIS database, the data are "physically discrete but logically continuous." In a new discrete GIS database, every map keeps its individuality without a relationship to any other map, and the relationships among the maps are centrally managed by a RDBMS. A study site was chosen at the boundary of the state of Indiana …

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Field Station Under Threat, Paul Faulstich Mar 1999

Field Station Under Threat, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

As reported in the last issue of The Other Side, The Bernard Biological Field Station of the Colleges is slated to be the site of the Keck Graduate Institute, the newest (but yet unbuilt) addition to the Claremont Consortium. With Pitzer casting the sole dissenting vote, the Claremont Colleges approved construction of the Keck Institute on eleven acres of the 85 acre Field Station.

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Political Participation In Kitchener-Waterloo: A Spatial Analysis Of The 1993 Federal Election (Ontario), Paul Churcher Jan 1999

Political Participation In Kitchener-Waterloo: A Spatial Analysis Of The 1993 Federal Election (Ontario), Paul Churcher

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examines political participation in the 1993 federal election in Kitchener- Waterloo. Voter turnout is modeled at the polling division level using statistical analysis with spatial diagnostics. This study is different from other Canadian research since it uses a fine scale spatial unit and it explores the geographical aspect of political participation. The findings confirm results from other studies as well as showing that geography plays a small but significant role in the decision to vote. The results of the statistical analysis show that polling divisions are appropriate spatial units for the examination of political participation. Demographics, political motivation, …

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Improving Map Literacy: The Application Of Second Language Instruction Views And Techniques, Heather Anne Rayner Jan 1999

Improving Map Literacy: The Application Of Second Language Instruction Views And Techniques, Heather Anne Rayner

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Maps are a common and useful tool, yet many people do not know how to use them effectively. Map education has typically been inadequate for teaching people the skills involved in map use and map reading. Map education in schools, where people typically learn their mapping skills, can be improved. This thesis looks at specific ways to improve map education. Based upon previous research, it looks at cartography from a language perspective to determine whether findings from the language research can be applied to cartography, and more specifically to map education. Maps serve to communicate information, and have been compared …

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A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray Jan 1999

A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray

Economics

Gendered social norms and institutions are important determinants of agricultural activities in southwestern Burkina Faso. This paper argues that gendered land tenure, in particular, has effects on equity and efficiency. The usual view of women as holders of secondary, or indirect, rights to land must be supplemented by a more nuanced understanding of tenure. Women's rights are in fact considerably more complex than the simple right to fields from their husbands. First, women's rights to property obtained from men may be coupled with other rights and obligations. In many ethnic groups, women have share rights to the harvest of their …

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Vulnerability To Natural Disasters In A Rapidly Growing, Affluent Society, British Columbia, Canada, Jonathan P. Maclean Belcher Jan 1999

Vulnerability To Natural Disasters In A Rapidly Growing, Affluent Society, British Columbia, Canada, Jonathan P. Maclean Belcher

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

British Columbia is a province that experienced rapid demographic, urban and economic growth in the past few decades. It is a modern and technologically sophisticated society. Although the province possesses the knowledge and resources to combat most dangers that threaten its people and communities, these dangers continue to outstrip the precautions and safety measures in place. The reasons for this seem to lie less in the characteristics of dangers or hazards, but rather relate to socioeconomic processes and organisations that disadvantage particular people, groups and sectors of the population, or make them more vulnerable to dangers than others. This thesis …

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A Winter Index For Benchmarking Winter Road Maintenance Operations On Ontario Highways, Jianzhong Li Jan 1999

A Winter Index For Benchmarking Winter Road Maintenance Operations On Ontario Highways, Jianzhong Li

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Canada is one of the snowiest countries in the world, and winter road maintenance activities cost in the order of a billion dollars a year. These activities vary considerably over both space and time, partly due to differences in winter weather, but also because of differences in road and traffic mix, terrain and other factors. The thesis explores the association between winter road maintenance activities and winter weather. The first objective is to characterize the spatial and temporal variation in severe winter weather in Ontario. The second objective is to identify a winter weather index that is sensitive to road …

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Where Are The Urban Elderly? Clustered And Concentrated In Aged Spaces: Three Examples Kitchener-Waterloo, Halifax And Victoria (Ontario, Nova Scotia, British Columbia), Susan Lucas Jan 1999

Where Are The Urban Elderly? Clustered And Concentrated In Aged Spaces: Three Examples Kitchener-Waterloo, Halifax And Victoria (Ontario, Nova Scotia, British Columbia), Susan Lucas

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This research uses enumeration area data from the 1991 census and a methodology consisting of principal components analysis (PCA), cluster and discriminant analysis to define 'aged spaces', highly localized concentrations of the elderly, in Kitchener-Waterloo, Halifax and Victoria.. The results show that: (1) it is possible to define aged spaces on the basis of the old-age family status dimensions identified by the PCA for each individual city, as well as a joint analysis of all three cities; (2) the old-age dimensions derived by the PCA are differentiated by marital status, advanced age and gender and (3) aged spaces defined on …

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Keeping Problem Tigers From Becoming A Problem Species, Philip J. Nyhus, R L. Tilson Jan 1998

Keeping Problem Tigers From Becoming A Problem Species, Philip J. Nyhus, R L. Tilson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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An Evaluation Of Ambulance Service Performance Using A Geographic Information System, Jeremy Peters Jan 1998

An Evaluation Of Ambulance Service Performance Using A Geographic Information System, Jeremy Peters

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The accessibility, distribution and utilization of emergency health care services have a great impact on the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of health service delivery. The impact of these factors is heightened by the fact that ambulance resources, which are an important component of emergency health care, are often insufficient, resulting in performances below those required to respond reliably to emergency calls from demand areas. Measures of realized geographic accessibility of ambulances to call locations are of considerable importance in planning the deployment of this service as they allow planners to account for response time variations, often caused when ambulances are …

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Trading Places: Cross-Border Traders And The South African Informal Sector, Jonathan Crush, Sally Peberdy Jan 1998

Trading Places: Cross-Border Traders And The South African Informal Sector, Jonathan Crush, Sally Peberdy

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Spatial And Structural Determinants Of Residential Burglary Rates In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Martin Christopher Anstey Jan 1998

Spatial And Structural Determinants Of Residential Burglary Rates In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Martin Christopher Anstey

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Traditional ecological analyses of burglary have a number of shortcomings. First, break-ins occurring within a neighbourhood have been regarded as a solely the product of local residents. Second, the relationship between burglary and its determinants has been considered constant across space. Third, the data used in ecological analysis has been treated as statistically independent. The purpose of this study is to expand upon previous ecological studies through an analysis of residential burglary in Kitchener-Waterloo, Canada Theory from environmental criminology (a discipline concerned with the spatial aspects of crime) is used in conjunction with spatial data analysis techniques and GIS technology …

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Issues In Representing Ethnic Residential Segregation, Wanda Teresa Gayle Smith Jan 1998

Issues In Representing Ethnic Residential Segregation, Wanda Teresa Gayle Smith

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study will look at some of the issues involved in representing ethnic residential segregation. Segregation studies rely heavily upon indices and maps. However, both of these are sensitive to the spatial boundaries used. As well, maps have a visual element which affects the nature and degree of representation. Toronto has been chosen as the area of study because of its high degree of ethnic diversity. Five indices that describe the five dimensions of segregation (Massey and Denton, 1988) will be calculated at four standard levels of aggregation. As well, several types of maps will be produced to illustrate the …

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The Dynamics Of Ethnic Residential Patterns In The Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (Ontario), Marinel Mandres Jan 1998

The Dynamics Of Ethnic Residential Patterns In The Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (Ontario), Marinel Mandres

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Responding to contemporary urban changes and increasing social complexities, this research endeavours to determine whether recently arrived immigrants still follow residential configurations as prescribed by traditional urban ecological models or whether ethnic groups are displaying a new dispersed (i.e. ‘shot gun’) domiciliary pattern characterized by enclave scattering. A new conceptual model describing various spatial outcomes relative to primary destinations of initial immigrant settlement and subsequent relocation is developed according to propositions discussed in the literature review. Subsequent statistical analyses focus upon the hypothesized post-1980 areal placement of six ethnic groups (Greek, Jewish, Multiethnic, Aboriginal, Chinese, and Jamaican) using the British …

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Modelling Spatial Processes: The Identification And Analysis Of Spatial Relationships In Regression Residuals By Means Of Moran's I (Germany), Michael Tiefelsdorf Jan 1998

Modelling Spatial Processes: The Identification And Analysis Of Spatial Relationships In Regression Residuals By Means Of Moran's I (Germany), Michael Tiefelsdorf

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis deals with the implementation, identification and analysis of relationships between geo-referenced objects. Significant spatial relationships manifest themselves in a spatial process which is modelled on a combination of spatial structure and spatial autocorrelation levels. Simple spatial structures reflect plain spill-over effects between adjacent spatial objects, whereas theoretical guided spatial structure mirror functional exchange relationships within the system of spatial objects. In empirical work, the underlying spatial process is unknown. The linking mechanism between a hypothetical spatial structure and a stochastic input must be identified from the observed data. This is accomplished here by means of the test statistic …

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Labour Market Marginalisation Of Young Latinos In San Antonio, Texas: A Geographical Perspective Of Neighbourhood Processes, Harald Sven Bauder Jan 1998

Labour Market Marginalisation Of Young Latinos In San Antonio, Texas: A Geographical Perspective Of Neighbourhood Processes, Harald Sven Bauder

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Latinos cluster in the lower segments of the U. S. labour market and therefore suffer disproportionately from labour market marginalisation and poverty. This dissertation examines supply side forces of the ethnic division of labour. Expanding upon structuration theory and realism, the research investigates the role of place in shaping career decisions of Latino youth. A case study of greater San Antonio, Texas, uses quantitative analysis of U. S. Census data to examine the patterns of youth labour market marginalisation in census tracts. In addition, qualitative in-depth interview analysis was conducted with twenty-nine youth and seventeen community-based institutions in two selected …

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Trends. Some Security Lessons From Kyoto, Ibpp Editor Dec 1997

Trends. Some Security Lessons From Kyoto, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses how "the environment" is no longer a fringe Issue championed by starry-eyed dreamers and psychodynamic deviants, and perennial misfits who have little understanding of or orientation to reality. In fact, the relevance of "the environment" for policies of political security has become quite significant.

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Interview: David Harvey. The Politics Of Social Justice, Raymond P. Baruffalo, Eugene J. Mccann, Caedmon Staddon Apr 1997

Interview: David Harvey. The Politics Of Social Justice, Raymond P. Baruffalo, Eugene J. Mccann, Caedmon Staddon

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

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Teaching Secondary School Geography With The Use Of A Geographical Information System (Gis), Angela Louise Crechiolo Jan 1997

Teaching Secondary School Geography With The Use Of A Geographical Information System (Gis), Angela Louise Crechiolo

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Until quite recently, geographical information systems have been limited to the resources and students of post-secondary institutions. This situation is now changing in Ontario. In the early 1990's the Ministry of Education adopted mandates to develop curriculum guidelines for the integration of computers into all areas of the curriculum. Although the process is well underway in Ontario, limited access to hardware and software, insufficient pre-service and in-service training, and a paucity of teaching resources has lead to mounting teacher frustration. Although the literature base on teaching GIS at the pre-collegiate level is increasing, it lacks clearly defined examples of how …

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Socio-Economic Factors And The Journey To Work: A Case Study Of At&T Gis Employees, Thomas A. Hammers Jan 1996

Socio-Economic Factors And The Journey To Work: A Case Study Of At&T Gis Employees, Thomas A. Hammers

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Individuals who must commute to work are often concerned with the spatial separation of their home and job site. In many of these cases the socio-economic characteristics of these individual's lives play an important part in deciding how long this commute is, in terms of both time and distance. The following study seeks to identify the relationships between several selected socio-economic characteristics and the journey to work distances for employees at AT&T GIS. The factors being examined in this study are age, education level, number of dependents, income, length of service to the company, occupation type and gender. Significant differences …

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