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Evaluation Of Plasma, High-Pressure And Ultrasound Processing On The Stability Of Fructooligosaccharides, Elenilson Alves Filho, Patrick J. Cullen, Jesus Maria Frias, Paula Bourke, Brijesh Tiwari, Edy Brito, Sueli Rodrigues, Fabiano Fernandes

Articles

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are among the main carbohydrates with prebiotic activity, and they are the most applied functional carbohydrate ingredient in the food industry. FOS are known to hydrolyse when subjected to thermal processing, thus partially losing its functional properties. In this study, we evaluate whether three nonthermal technologies are suitable for processing FOS regarding its stability after processing. FOS were subjected to ultrasound, high-pressure processing (HPP) and atmospheric cold plasma (ACP). The FOS solution, 70 g L−1, was set at a concentration recommended for human intake. The treatments were carried out at operating conditions usually used for microbial inactivation in …

Economical And Sustainable Non-Crisp, Healthy, Potato Snack Devlopment, Emily Geraghty

Students Learning with Communities

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Phytosanitary Irradiation And Methyl Bromide Fumigation On The Physical, Sensory, And Microbiological Quality Of Blueberries And Sweet Cherries, Karen Thang, Kimberly Au, Cyril Rakovski, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background

The objective of this study was to determine whether irradiation could serve as a suitable phytosanitary treatment alternative to methyl bromide (MB) fumigation for blueberries and sweet cherry and also to determine the effect of phytosanitary irradiation treatment on survival of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes on these fruit. ‘Bluecrop’ blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) and ‘Sweetheart’ cherries (Prunus avium) were irradiated at 0.4 kGy or fumigated with methyl bromide and evaluated for quality attributes during storage.

Results

Irradiation caused an immediate decrease in firmness of both fruit without further significant change during storage. Fumigated fruit, in …

A Life Cycle Analysis Of Land Use In Us Pork Production, Greg Thoma, Marty Matlock, Ben Putman, Jasmina Burek

Food Systems

The goal of this study was to analyze land use in the production of US pork using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a comprehensive methodology for quantitatively analyzing potential environmental impacts associated with complex systems. Identification of processes contributing to high environmental impacts often highlights opportunities for gains in efficiency, which can increase the profitability and sustainability of US pork. The environmental impact category analyzed in this assessment was land use. After reviewing existing information regarding land use in agriculture and livestock production, analysis for US pork production was performed at two scales: cradle-to-grave and cradle-to-farm gate. The cradle-to-grave …

Physical Properties Of Edible Composite Films Based On Chitosan And Whey Protein Isolate, Wang Yaosong, Zhao Liming, Wu Yanqing

Food and Machinery

The chitosan with different molecular weights (MW: 50 kDa, 250 kDa, 500 kDa and 1 000 kDa) were used to respectively combine whey proteins to form their composite films. It was expected that chitosan/whey proteins films endowed with versatile functionalities to meet practical requirement of food packaging applications. The equal volume of 3% (m/V) chitosan dissolved in 2% (m/V) acetic acid solutions and 12% (m/V) preheated (80 ℃ for 30 min) whey protein solutions was used to prepare resulting film-forming solutions after 2.4% (based on whey protein content, m/m) glycerol to make cast composite films. The functional propertied of the …

Analysis Of Amino Acids Composition And Nutritional Value Evaluation Of Dried Osmund, Li Xueying, Lu Ning, Zhang Jing, Xu Hui, Guo Bingzheng

Food and Machinery

To systematically analyze and evaluate amino acids of dried osmund, 17 kinds of amino acids were derivatized with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate and then were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography. L-tryptophan was quantitatively analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometric. Nutritional value evaluation of dried osmund protein was synthetically studied by methods of ratio coefficient of amino acid and fuzzy discernment. The results showed that the sample had 18 kinds of amino acids. The content of the total amino acids was up to 697.93 mg/g protein.The proportion of essential amino acids in total amino acids was 0.45, and the proportion of essential amino acids …

Determination On Salt Content Of Dry-Cured Meat By Rapid And Non-Invasion Impedance Technology, Chen Tianhao, Han Minyi, Wang Peng, Wei Ran, Xu Xinglian

Food and Machinery

The experiment was conducted to establish a new method to determine the salt content in cured meat and treated the meat with different salt content as samples. Impedance, salt content and water content were measured in the experiment and the results showed that the method would be a good choice for the determination of the salt content. Result: And, there was strong relationship between the impedance and the salt content. It is possible to construct some linear model between these two parameters. It indicated that there is good correlation between the predicted salt content and impedance magnitude (R²=0.980 …

Improvement In Methods For Activity Measurement Of Polyphenol Oxidase In Wheat, Zhou Xiaoling, Yang Daiming, Li Na

Food and Machinery

Three wheat varieties were selected as experimental materials to measure the activity of polyphenol oxidase According to the method from Measurement of Polyohenol Oxidase Activity in Wheat Flour in national standard draft. And found it has three deficiencies: first, because of the lack of crude extcation of polyphenol oxidase, it led to the less quantity of polyohenol oxidase, and couldn’t reflect the real state of the activity of polyphenol oxidase; second, because of the unsuitable reaction temperature, it couldn’t help the enzyme reaction completely; third, adding catechol before centrifuge made a part of product intercepted by precipitation, thus it has …

Effects Of Breaking Cell Wall On Rape Bee Pollen Treated With Pectinase Using Multi-Index Evaluation, Wang Kai, Ren Xiangnan, Dong Jie, Zhang Gensheng

Food and Machinery

To improve wall-broken effects of bee pollen, rape bee pollen was selected as material and treated with pectinase in different pH and temperature. The effects of pectinase on rape bee pollen were evaluated by protein dispersion index, soluble sugar content, microscopic analysis and particle size distribution. The results demonstrated that pectinase hydrolysis could disintegrate the intine at the germinal apertures, the optimal conditions were pH 3.5 and temperature 50 ℃. Under optimal conditions, protein dispersion index was 0.684 6, and soluble sugar content was 24.86%. By microscopic analysis, some germinal apertures seemed apart and some little particles emerged. According to …

Application Of Extrusion Technology For Preparing Defatted Black Soybean Meal Reconstituted Powder, Zhang Lin, Li Jianke, Ren Caixia, Sun Xuesi, Qin Lingxiang

Food and Machinery

The extruding and expanding experiment was studied with the black soybean meal as material, mixing corn starch by twin-screw extruder to make reconstituted powder, The best expanded technical parameters were determined, and studied the formula, the extrusion ratio, the reconstituability, the viscosity, the color of this powder flour. The optimal formula of the powder was as follows: black soybean meal 30%, corn starch 45%, sugar 15%, maltodextrin 10%, creamer 6%.

Analysis Of Amino Acid Composition And Nutritional Evaluation Of 22 Spirulina(Athrospira) Strains, Yan Chunyu, Wang Suying, Dong Shirui

Food and Machinery

No abstract provided.

Weight-Reducing Effect Of Onion Peel Extracts On Obese Rats, Liu Haoming, Pan Yannan, Cui Taihua, Wei Dan, Liang Chengyun, Li Guanhao

Food and Machinery

Investigated the effects of onion peel extracts on weight reduction in obesity rats. The experiment adopted the nutritional obesity model, and selected the tea polyphenol (TP) as a positive control and fed with high-fat diet added 0.57% of tea polyphenol and 1.33% of onion peel extracts. Research studied the influence of onion peel extracts on body weights, Lee’s indexes, food intake and food utilization rate of the rats, and further evaluated weight-reducing capacity of onion peel extracts according to above parameters. The results showed that onion peel extracts could decrease the body weight significantly by restraining fat cell dilated and …

Nutritional Benefits Of European Plums (Prunus Domestica L.), Liu Zhibin, Feng Jiangduo, Zhang Wen, Ni Li

Food and Machinery

European plum (Prunus domestica L.) and its dried products, commonly known as prune, are widely consumed in Unite States, European countries and worldwide. European plum, which is rich in polyphenols and other phytochemicals, possesses high nutritional values. This review summarizes the findings of published studies which examine the nutritional benefits, including antioxidant activity, the protection effect on cardiovascular system, anti colon cancer activity, relieving constipation effect and bone health improvement effect of European plum.

Advances In Research Of Cftr Inhibitors Extracted From Foods And Herbal Plants, Luan Jian, Yang Hong

Food and Machinery

CFTR chloride channel is the molecular drug target for the treatment of secretory diarrhea. Screening CFTR inhibitors is the most important and basic part of anti-diarrheal drug development. The natural products are diversified both in the structure and the biological activity. In the discovery of drugs and leading compounds, natural products play a key role and become the main source of drug development. Natural products from foods and herbal plants are usually safe for low or no toxicity and side-effect in clinic. CFTR inhibitors which source of foods and traditional Chinese medicines are important of study and treatment of CFTR …

Progress On Functionality Of Blueberry And Extracting Technology For Its Active Ingredient, Li Bin, Lei Yue, Meng Xianjun, Jiao Xinyao, Zhang Jiacheng, Wang Weisheng, Xu Qiang, Gao Ningxuan

Food and Machinery

For the its unique flavor, rich nutrients and multifunctionality, blueberry is highly popular. The nutritional value of blueberry is summarized, especially its healthy function in protecting eyesight, antioxidation and enhancing memory ability. Also, the current development situation of extractive technique of active ingredient in blueberry is reviewed and the prospect of blueberry is presented, aiming to provide a reference for further development of blueberry.

Research Advance On Preparation Of Peony Seed Oil By Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction, Chen Xuan, Zhou Bo, Wang Zhoujun, Zhong Haiyan

Food and Machinery

The peony seed oil is identified as new resources food in the laws, which can be applied to functional food, cosmetics, health care and other industries. The enzyme-assisted aqueous is a safe, efficient, and green method. Mainly discusses the basic composition of peony seed and its oil features, and analyzes the key factors of enzyme-assisted aqueous method for extraction of peony seed oil, which offers development direction in the crude enzyme extraction, enzymatic demulsification, immobilized enzyme technology.

Application Progress Of Gas Chromatography And Its Hyphenated Technology In Meat Products, Ye Yongli, He Xinrui, Chen Shien, Hu Xiaopeng, Ma Zhongren

Food and Machinery

As a mature technology, gas chromatography has been widely used in analysis of composition and content of material, and it is also promising for analysis of food nutrition components and quality and security as it is easy, fast to use. The application of gas chromatography and its hyphenated technology in nutrition ingredient analysis, flavor compound, freshness, pesticide and veterinary residue, and toxic chemical from environment and process of meat and meat products are reviewed, and then prospected its perspective applications in meat detection.

Summer-Long Grazing Of High Vs. Low Endophyte (Neotyphodium Coenophialum)-Infected Tall Fescue By Growing Beef Steers Results In Distinct Temporal Blood Analyte Response Patterns, With Poor Correlation To Serum Prolactin Levels, Joshua J. Jackson, Merlin D. Lindemann, James A. Boling, James C. Matthews

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Previously, we reported the effects of fescue toxicosis on developing Angus-cross steer growth, carcass, hepatic mRNA, and protein expression profiles of selected serum proteins, and blood clinical and chemical profiles, after summer-long grazing (85 days) of high endophyte (HE)- vs. low endophyte (LE)-infected fescue pastures. We now report the temporal development of acute, intermediate, and chronic responses of biochemical and clinical blood analytes determined at specified time intervals (period 1, day 0–36; period 2, day 37–58; and period 3, day 59–85). Throughout the trial, the alkaloid concentrations of the HE forage was consistently 19–25 times greater (P ≤ 0.002) …

Rnai-Mediated Control Of Aflatoxins In Peanut: Method To Analyze Mycotoxin Production And Transgene Expression In The Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem, Renee S. Arias, Phat M. Dang, Victor S. Sobolev

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that 25% of the food crops in the world are contaminated with aflatoxins. That represents 100 million tons of food being destroyed or diverted to non-human consumption each year. Aflatoxins are powerful carcinogens normally accumulated by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in cereals, nuts, root crops and other agricultural products. Silencing of five aflatoxin-synthesis genes by RNA interference (RNAi) in peanut plants was used to control aflatoxin accumulation following inoculation with A. flavus. Previously, no method existed to analyze the effectiveness of RNAi in individual peanut transgenic events, …

Comparative Study Of The D-Values Of Salmonella Spp. And Enterococcus Faecium In Wheat Flour, Didier Dodier

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Low-moisture foods contaminated with Salmonella spp. have been implicated in several foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States. The food industry has to incorporate preventive control in their process and validate thermal processes to assure food safety. The thermal destruction of Enterococcus faecium ATTC 8459 and Salmonella spp. was determined at 3 water activity levels (0.11, 0.18 and 0.33) at 80ºC, 85ºC and 90ºC. Aerobic plates counts petrifilms were used as non-selective medium for both bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae petrifilms were used as selective medium for Salmonella spp., and peptone water modified with sodium azide as a selective medium for Enterococcus faecium …

Street Drug Markets Beyond Favelas In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Elenice De Souza Oliveira, Braulio Figueiredo Alves Silva, Marcos Oliveira Prates

Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study examines whether social disorganization mechanisms that explain clusters of street drug markets in socially disorganized neighborhoods in developed countries can also help explain geographical patterns of drug dealing across neighborhoods in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Data for this study includes drug arrests from 2007 to 2011 and socio demographic data from the 2010 Census. To examine the influence of exploratory variables on drug market locations, the Negative Binominal regression model was used at two levels of analysis—the Belo Horizonte city center and other neighborhoods including favelas. The findings show that a high hot spot of street drug markets located …

Development And Testing Of Supplemental Materials For An Undergraduate Healthy Food Product Development Curriculum, Breanne Halteman

All Theses

ABSTRACT The goal of this research project was three-fold: (1) to follow up with students who had taken the Applied Interdisciplinary Product Development (AIPD) course two years prior to assess the long-term effect of the course on perceived self-confidence in product development skills, connectedness with the department, and preparedness to enter the industry; (2) to design, implement, and evaluate course materials educating undergraduate students about the subjects of herbs, spices, and sensory science; and (3) to evaluate the success of dissemination of a sophomore-level hybrid course on healthy food product development. A Subject Knowledge Assessment (SKA) was designed to measure …

Extraction, Purification And Characterization Of A Pure Peptide From Soybean To Demonstrate Anti-Proliferation Activity On Human Cancer Cells And Test The Ability Of Soy Peptide Fractions In Reducing The Activity Of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme, Srinivas Jairam Rayaprolu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Proteins are of major interest for nutritional value, functionality and sensory characteristics in foods, and biological activity as health-promoting ingredients. A large number of potential biological activities are encrypted within the primary structures of animal and plant proteins. This research has been based on utilizing a legume by-product, soybean meal, to obtain value-added protein products. Forty four Arkansas grown soybean lines were subjected to analysis for protein and amino acid (profile) content to select lines that have high protein attributes. Three soybean lines, R95-1705 (high yielding, non-transgenic and high protein), N98-445A and S03-543CR (bred for high oleic acid - monounsaturated …

Impacts Of Feedstock And Parboiling Conditions On Quality Characteristics Of Parboiled Rice, Kanokporn Leethanapanich

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Parboiling involves soaking, steaming, and drying, and is known to improve head rice yield (HRY), remove chalkiness, and retain nutrients. Because of an increasing number of rice cultivars developed, commingling of rice may happen during harvesting, distributing, or storage. Using commingled rice with a wide range of gelatinization temperatures (To) as a feedstock may cause inconsistent parboiled rice products. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of soaking temperature and steaming duration on the quality of parboiled, commingled rice. Rough rice samples of individual or commingled rice cultivars with different To ranges were soaked at different temperatures (25, …

Composition Of Four Selected Arkansas-Grown Non-Gmo Soybean Cultivars And The Development Of High Protein Beverage Using A Selected Soybean Protein Hydrolysate, Quyen Tran Phuong Nguyen

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Protein beverages made with non-genetically modified (non-GM) ingredients have been in demand due to the increasing consumers’ interest in healthy eating habit. Beverages formulated with non-GM soy protein are rare in the United States market since 93% soybeans planted in U.S (2013) are labeled as GM. This study aimed to develop protein hydrolysate beverages using one cultivar among the four Arkansas grown non-GM soybean cultivars including Osage, R95-1705, R08-4004 and R05-4969. R08-4004 was selected since it had the highest amounts of the three branched amino acids including Phenylalanine (51.4 mg/g), Leucine (74.9 mg/g), and Isoleucine (49.7 mg/g) with lowest amount …

Mechanisms By Which Dietary Ellagic Acid Attenuates Obesity And Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Complications, Inhae Kang

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol found in various fruits and plants, such as berries, pomegranates, muscadine grapes, nuts and bark of oak tree. EA has been known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in various types of cancer. However, little is known about the effects of EA on obesity. Herein, 1) the lipid-lowering role of EA was identified in primary human adipose stem cells (hASCs) and human hepatoma Huh7 cells; 2) the molecular mechanisms by which EA attenuates adipogenesis by epigenetic modification were identified; 3) the effects of EA on high fat and high sucrose-mediated obesity was …

Assessing The Sociocultural Impact Of Special Events In The Context Of Germanfest In Nebraska, Usa, Yanli Wang

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The present study examined the sociocultural impact of special events based on the cultural festival of GermanFest in Syracuse, Nebraska. A total of 143 (71.5%) local residents responded to the self-administered survey. The dimensions of the sociocultural impact, the important reasons for celebrating the festival, the relationship among festival stakeholders, the levels of community involvement, and the improvement of the quality of life in the community as impacts of the festival and demographic information were investigated separately.

The Festival Social Impact Attitude Scale (FSIAS) was utilized to identify the dimensions of the sociocultural impact of GermanFest. Three dimensions were identified …

Hospital Practices Related To Breastfeeding In Mississippi: A Socio-Ecological Approach, Amir Alakaam

Dissertations

Mississippi continues to have one of the lowest rates and the weakest support in respect to breastfeeding in the nation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014a). Hospital practices supporting breastfeeding such as the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (TSSB) can dramatically increase breastfeeding rates and duration (Rosenberg, Stull, Adler, Kasehagen, & Crivelli-Kovach, 2008). The aim of this study was to explore breastfeeding practices in Mississippi hospitals based on two levels of the Socio-Ecological Model: the organizational level (phase I) examined the hospital practices based on the level of implementation of the TSSB; the individual level (phase II) examined knowledge …

Influence Of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Isolated From “Amabere Amaruranu” Cultured Milk On Adipogenesis, Justin E. Kotala

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was performed to test the in vitro effects of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolate from “amabere amaruranu”, a traditional Kenyan cultured milk, on 3T3-L1 and Caco-2 cell lines. Cultures of fully mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with bacterial isolate cell extract (CE), filtered spent broth (FSB) from overnight bacterial culture, or with a PBS control. Expression levels of PPAR³1 and 2, C/EBP±, and ATGL proteins in 3T3-L1 cells were upregulated by FSB treatment. CE treatment did not affect protein expression levels. Expression of MTTP and SREBP-1c proteins in Caco-2 cells showed no change with either treatment. Optical density measurements …

The Human Gut Mycobiome: Pitfalls And Potentials — A Mycologist's Perspective, Mallory J. Suhr, Heather E. Hallen-Adams

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

We have entered the Age of the Microbiome, with new studies appearing constantly and whole journals devoted to the human microbiome. While bacteria outnumber other gut microbes by orders of magnitude, eukaryotes are consistently found in the human gut, and are represented primarily by the fungi. Compiling 36 studies spanning from 1917 to 2015, we found at least 267 distinct fungal taxa have been reported from the human gut, and seemingly every new study includes one or more fungi not previously described from this niche. This diversity, while impressive, is illusory. If we examine gut fungi, we will quickly observe …