Digital Commons Network^™

Analysis Of Amino Acid Composition And Nutritional Evaluation Of Sichuan White Goose, Zhang Jie, He Hang, Jie Xiaodie, Tian Xu, Cheng Yating, Chen Peiyao, Liu Anfang

Food and Machinery

Sichuan white goose is an excellent local poultry breed. In order to measure its nutritional value, the muscle amino acid composition of distinct body parts for Sichuan white goose of different age and gender was analyzed. In this study, hydrochloric acid hydrolysis was adopted for digestion of muscle protein and Hitachi L-8800 automatic amino acid analyzer was used to determine the content of amino acids. The results showed that 17 amino acids were detected in all muscle samples, among which the content of Glu was the highest, followed by Asp and Leu. We found that, of the three factors, age, …

Valuable Components Analysis And Nutritional Evaluation On Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) Meals, Quan Qinguo, Duan Weiwen, Zeng Xuege, Chen Ming, Zhang Zewei, Hao Jiming, Liu Shucheng, Ji Hongwu

Food and Machinery

Key components of Antarctic Krill meals were analyzed such as protein, lipids, minerals and chitin content. Composition and content of amino acids, fatty acids and mineral element were also researched using nutritional assessment strategies in this paper. Finally, the protein processing base material was prepared by two steps include sieving and defatting. The results showed that the content of protein was 61.38%, lipids was 14.49%, chitin was 6.08% and mineral element was 6.27%. Protein of Antarctic Krill meals was a high quality protein referenced by FAO/WHO based on the total amino acid content of 47.34%, essential amino acid content of …

The Extraction Process Of Polyphenols From Porphyra Haitanensis And Their Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities In Vitro, Chen Hongbin, Song Lulu, Jin Jinxuan, Cheng Yongqiang

Food and Machinery

The Optimization of the extraction of polyphenols from Porphyra haitanensis and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in vitro were studied. The effects of liquid-material ratio, ultrasonic times and ethanol concentration on the contents of polyphenols from P. haitanensis were investigated. Moreover, the response surface analysis method was applied to determine the optimization of the extraction. The results showed that the optimum condition for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenols was as follows: liquid-material ratio 35∶1 (mL/g), ultrasonic times 43 min and ethanol concentration 66%. Under the optimum condition, the contents of polyphenols was (6.85±0.13) mg GAE/g. The research of their antioxidant …

Effect Of Drying Methods On Quality And Antioxidant Properties Of Apricot Powder, Zhao Hongxia, Wang Yingqiang, Wen Jianhua, Wen Wen, Mao Yaqian, Song Wenli

Food and Machinery

The natural apricot powder was prepared by microwave drying (MD), hot air drying (HAD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and microwave convection drying (MCD) and their nutritional, physical, sensory and antioxidant propertieswere compared. Significant differences among the determined quality terms of the four products were observed（P＜0.05）, the MVD and MCD products had the higher total sugar and reducing sugarand the latter had the least loss in total phenol and V_C content while the HAD product the best retention of total acid, the apricot meat powder prepared by MD had the lowest hygroscopicity and caking degree. The apricot meat powder prepared …

Optimization Of Fermentation Technology And The Activities Of Quinoa, Han Lin, Yang Renyi, Hu Yue, Jiang Wei

Food and Machinery

In order to enhance the nutritive value and functional activity of quinoa, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation technology based on the single factor experiment to increase the total phenols. Moreover, the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibiting activity of quinoa were compared. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were as follow: yeast 1.7%, fermentation time 80 h, moisture content 16 mL, and the average content of total phenols from fermented quinoa was reached to (5.31±0.11) mg/g under these conditions, which was close to the predicted value with the relative error is only 1.12%. Moreover, compared to …

Study On Optimization Of Preparation Of Activated Carbons From Suaeda Salsa And Its Adsorption Activity, Fu Jianxin, Zhang Bingwen, Zhang Guixiang

Food and Machinery

With the activated carbon iodine adsorption and yield as the optimization index, the process of Suaeda sasla carbon taking H₃PO₄-ZnCl₂ as the dual activator was studied. The single-factor test was used to examine the effect of mass fraction of H₃PO₄-ZnCl₂, activation temperature, and the activation time on activated carbon preparation. The optimum conditions for the preparation of S. sasla based activated carbon by orthogonal experiments were as follows: H₃PO₄-ZnCl₂ mass fraction 30%, activation temperature 500 ℃, activation time 80 min. Under these conditions, the …

Study On The Drying Kinetics Of Longan With Intermittent Vacuum-Microwave, An Kejing, Xiao Gengsheng, Wei Lai, Yu Yuanshan, Tang Daobang, Wen Jing, Lin Xian

Food and Machinery

Aiming at the problem of uneven heating of longan, excessive microwave drying rate and local over-focus, the vacuum microwave drying was carried out by the combination of intermittent microwave and variable power microwave. In this paper,the changes of water ratio and drying rate in the vacuum microwave drying process were analyzed, such as the power density, vacuum degree and loading quantity. Seven thin layer fitting models were tested. The orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels for color, total phenolic content and rehydration evaluation was established. The optimum intermittent vacuum microwave drying process of longan was optimized. The results …

Justice Served Fresh: Associations Between Food Insecurity, Community Gardening, And Property Value, Micajah Daniels, Courtney Coughenour Ph.D

McNair Poster Presentations

Numerous stakeholders in Nevada have used a variety of efforts to combat the growth of food insecurity facing Nevadans. The purpose of this research project is to understand the association between food insecurity, community gardens, and property value. Following the wealth of scholarship on these topics and data collected from community garden agencies in Southern Nevada, the research questions for this project include: (1) Where are community gardens located in SNV? (2) What efforts community gardens agencies are doing to address food insecurity (most interested in their efforts using community gardens)? (3) What are the perceptions of supports and barriers …

Experimental Evaluation Of The Importance Of Colonization History In Early-Life Gut Microbiota Assembly, Inés Martínez, Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez, João Carlos Gomes-Neto, Hatem Kittana, Hua Ding, Robert J. Schmaltz, Payal Joglekar, Roberto Jiménez Cardona, Nathan L Marsteller, Steven W. Kembel, Andrew K. Benson, Daniel A. Peterson, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Jens C. Walter

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The factors that govern assembly of the gut microbiota are insufficiently understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that inter-individual microbiota variation can arise solely from differences in the order and timing by which the gut is colonized early in life. Experiments in which mice were inoculated in sequence either with two complex seed communities or a cocktail of four bacterial strains and a seed community revealed that colonization order influenced both the outcome of community assembly and the ecological success of individual colonizers. Historical contingency and priority effects also occurred in Rag1^-/- mice, suggesting that the adaptive immune system …

An Efficient Process For Co-Production Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Probiotic Bacillus Subtilis Cells, Hongbo Wang, Jinge Huang, Lei Sun, Fuchao Xu, Wei Zhang, Jixun Zhan

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

This study was to establish an integrated process for the co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and live probiotics. Six probiotic bacteria were screened and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 showed the highest GABA-producing capacity. The optimal temperature and initial pH value for GABA production in B. subtilis were found to be 30 °C and 8.0, respectively. A variety of carbon and nitrogen sources were tested, and potato starch and peptone were the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources for GABA production, respectively. The concentrations of carbon source, nitrogen source and substrate (sodium L-glutamate) were then optimized using the response surface methodology. The …

Effects Of Fruit Position In Standard Place Pack Cartons And Gamma 1 Irradiation On The Postharvest Quality Of ‘Barnfield’ Navel Oranges, Karina Cruz Rodriguez (Friscia), José De Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Vrani Ibarra-Junquera, Maria Criselda Toto, Akanksha Jain, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to determine if oranges in the top and bottom layers within a Standard Place Pack were impacted differently by irradiation after long-term storage. ‘Barnfield’ Navel oranges were packed in Standard Place Pack cartons and treated with 0, 0.15, or 1 kGy of gamma irradiation. The fruit were stored for 3 weeks at 5 °C and then for 1 week at 20 °C. After storage, the fruit from the top and bottom layers were separately evaluated for quality. The development of stem-end rind breakdown (SERB) was the main cause of quality loss and was greater …

Effect Of Salt Content On Physicochemical Properties And Antioxidant Activity During Post-Fermentation Of Douche, Wan Jun, Cheng Weiwei, Shen Xiaolu, Jiang Aimin

Food and Machinery

The impact of salt content on post-fermentation of douchi was studied. In the post-fermentation stage, 8%, 10%, 12% of salt were added for 30 days fermentation. The results showed that, with the increase of salinity, the total acids and pH decreased, the hardness and chewiness increased, which shallowed the color and declined the taste of douchi. The high salinity was bad for producing the total amino acid nitrogen and γ-PGA, and also inhibited the antioxidant activity of douchi. Finally, 8% of salt was considered to be the best, but the flavor remained to be improved.

Studies On Α-Lipoic Acid Molecularly Imprinted Membrane And Its Antioxidant Properties, Yang Bowen, Chen Yuqin, Zhu Qiujin

Food and Machinery

Thermo-sensitive α-lipoic acid molecularly imprinted polymers (ALA-MIPs) were synthesized through pre-polymerization using α-lipoic acid as a functional monomer and N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) as both thermo-sensitive monomer and functional monomer. Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were used as the main raw material to synthesis molecularly imprinted membranes through the heterogeneous particle-filling method by adding ALA-MIPs. The morphology of the molecularly imprinted membrane(MIM) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties, hydrophilic properties, water absorption abilities, and ALA release properties of the membrane were also investigated. The results show that the PVDF membrane has better mechanical properties and hydrophobic properties when …

Research Progresses On Processing And Utilization Of Freshwater Fish Surimi And Surimi Products, Tan Li, Zhou Chunxia, Hong Pengzhi

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the processing utilization of freshwater fish surimi and its products were reviewed from three main aspects combined current research at home and abroad, including the processing characteristics and mechanisms, the influencing processing factors, and the deodorization methods. It was pointed out that the shortages of basic researches, transport conditions, and production equipments in the processing and utilization of freshwater fish surimi. It would provide some useful information for exploring the development directions of surimi and surimi products in future, and promote the optimization utilization of freshwater fish resources.

Advances In Pulsed Light And Its Applications In Food Industry, Du Yan, Chen Fusheng

Food and Machinery

As one of the novel nonthermal methods, pulsed light (PL) is a technology for the fast, mild and residue free surface decontamination of food and food contact materials. This paper introduces the appliance and mechanism of PL firstly, and then details its application in food sterilization and removal of toxins and allergens. At last, the drawbacks of PL and its possible developments in food industry are discussed.

Optimization Of The Process For The Enrichment Of Pinolenic Acid From Pressed Pine Seed Oil By Urea Inclusion Method, Liu Zhixin, Liu Zhibin, Zhang Gensheng, Yue Xiaoxia, Yang Huiduo, Xu Chunming

Food and Machinery

The effects of different concentration of ethanol, ratio of fatty acid to urea, ratio of fatty acid to ethanol, inclusion time, inclusion temperature and times of inclusion on pinolenic acid in pressed pine seed oil were studied. Based on results from single factor test, the optimal experimental design was carried out according to the principle of Box-Behnken central combination test design. The urea inclusion regression model of pinolenic acid was established using the comprehensive score of pinot acid content and loss rate as the response value. The results showed that the fatty acid∶urea =1∶2.88（g/g）, fatty acid∶ethanol =1∶7.98 （g/mL）, inclusion time …

Optimization Of Processing And Gel Properties Of Low-Salt Silver Carp Surimi Gel Prepared By Ultra-High Pressure, Dai Huimin, Ye Tao, Li Lin, Jiang Shaotong, Lu Jianfeng

Food and Machinery

In order to improve the gel properties of low-salt surimi, the optimum conditions for the low-salt silver carp surimi gels by ultra-high pressure processing (UHPP) were obtained by means of response surface methodology (RSM), with the gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) as indicators. The gel properties (texture, gel strength, WHC, protein pattern and microstructure) of the optimized low-salt surimi (1.5% NaCl, 300 MPa), low-salt surimi (1.5% NaCl, 0.1 MPa) and the standard percentage of added salt of surimi (2.5% NaCl, 0.1 MPa) were compared. The results showed that the optimum conditions of low-salt silver carp surimi gels by …

Discussion On The Status Of Chinese Medicine Dietary Food Certification Management, Xia Xinbin, Yang Yong, Wu Yubing, Xie Mengzhou, Huang Huiyong, Li Ling

Food and Machinery

Starting from the concept of traditional Chinese medicine dietary food, this paper analyzes the problems that Chinese current laws and regulations on food and drug administration restrict the development of traditional Chinese medicinal dietary food,and points out that there is no clear quality standard for traditional Chinese medicinal dietary food industry at present. In view of the above，it is necessary to draw lessons from the current world food and drug certification system,then formulate the certification system of traditional Chinese medicinal diet in line with the characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicinal diet industry, so as to promote the standardization and …

An Investigation On Flavors Formation Between The Reaction Of 5-Hydroxymeth-Ylfurfural And Amino Acid, Wang Ge, Zeng Rui, Qiu Ruixia, Huang Caihuan, Zheng Jie

Food and Machinery

The reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with serine, threonine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and alanine, and the relative volatile substances were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that 21 volatile components in total were detected from the reaction system of HMF and these amino acids, most of which were carbonyl compounds, furans and hydrocarbon compounds. In HMF-Serine system, the concentrations of pyrazine，5-methyl-2-furaldehyde and nonanal were the highest in the reaction system with the highest contents of the reactants and the longest reaction time. In HMF-Threonine system, the production of acetophenone, 3-methyl-pyrazine and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine was positively influenced by the reaction time. …

Ability Of Phenolics In Isolation, Components Present In Supina Turf Grass To Remediate Candida Albicans (A72 And Sc5314) Adhesion And Biofilm Formation, Fatima Alessa

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Candida albicans inhabits the gastrointestinal tract dormant commensal member but can become an opportunistic pathogen when the host microflora or immune system is compromised. Adhesion to a biological or synthetic surface, followed by a morphological change from the yeast to hyphae phenotype. Biofilm formation is becoming a common occurrence on types of medical devices. Because C. albicans resistant to commonly available anti-fungal drugs is increasing, innovative treatments are critically needed. Phenolic compounds are promising anti-fungal synergists. Supina grass was used as the complex matrix as it is abundant and highly sustainable source of phytochemicals even though grass cuttings are typically …

Preparation And Characterization Of Arabinoxylan From Rice Bran Fiber, Divya Kandanool

Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was to isolate arabinoxylan (AX) from rice bran fiber and characterize its structural properties with enzyme and chromatographic techniques. The hypothesis was that glycoside hydrolase family 11 endo-xylanase (GH11-XYN) action on rice bran AX would generate oligosaccharide profiles that are distinguishable from other cereal species. The Specific Objectives addressed were to: 1) Extract AX fractions from rice bran fiber and determine yield and compositions. 2) Treat rice bran AX fractions with defined XYNs, and then characterize the enzyme-product profiles. Results showed that GH11-XYN generated large fragments from rice AX (average degree of polymerization 25 to …

Dietary Epicatechin Improves Survival And Delays Skeletal Muscle Degeneration In Aged Mice, Hongwei Si, Xiaoyong Wang, Longyun Zhang, Laurence D. Parnell, Bulbul Ahmed, Tanya Leroith, Twum-Ampofo Ansah, Lijuan Zhang, Jianwei Li, José M. Ordovás, Hongzong Si, Dongmin Liu, Chao-Qiang Lai

Human Sciences Faculty Research

We recently reported that epicatechin, a bioactive compound that occurs naturally in various common foods, promoted general health and survival of obese diabetic mice. It remains to be determined whether epicatechin extends health span and delays the process of aging. In the present study, epicatechin or its analogue epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (0.25% w/v in drinking water) was administered to 20-mo-old male C57BL mice fed a standard chow. The goal was to determine the antiaging effect. The results showed that supplementation with epicatechin for 37 wk strikingly increased the survival rate from 39 to 69%, whereas EGCG had no significant effect. …

Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Berry Essences, Inah Gu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Inflammation is one of defense reactions of our body tissues against harmful stimuli such as infection and tissue injury. However, it has been reported that chronic inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This transition from acute to chronic inflammation state is usually induced by pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which accelerate the development of other chronic diseases. Accordingly, targeting these pro-inflammatory factors is one of the important roles for anti-inflammatory agents. For last two decades, researches about anti-inflammatory …

Methane Emissions From Rice Production On A Silt-Loam Soil In Arkansas, Joshua Jeffry Humphreys

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Methane (CH4) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) production are a source of concern in the environmental and agricultural communities. New and/or revised agronomic methodologies will be needed to identify production practice combinations that reduce CH4 emissions without decreasing yields. The objective of this multi-year study was to evaluate the effects of water management (i.e., full-season flood and mid-season drain) (2015), cultivar (i.e., pure-line cultivar ‘LaKast’ and the RiceTec hybrid “XP753”) (2015), soil organic matter (SOM) concentration (2016), and tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] and urea-based fertilizers [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)-coated urea and non-coated urea] (2017) on CH4 …

Investigating The Potential Of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Poultry And Poultry Products, Basanta Raj Wagle

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans is strongly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. Interventions reducing C. jejuni contamination in poultry would reduce the risk of subsequent human infections. In the first study, the efficacy of a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) compound, eugenol (EG; derived from cloves), as an antimicrobial dip treatment to reduce C. jejuni in postharvest poultry was evaluated. The antimicrobial efficacy of EG was studied in suspension, emulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems. EG suspension reduced C. jejuni counts with the greatest reduction of >2.0 Log CFU/sample for the 2% dose of EG (P

Advancing Risk Assessment: Mechanistic Dose-Response Modelling Of Listeria Monocytogenes Infection In Human Populations, Ashrafur Rahman, Daniel Munther, Aamir Fazil, Ben Smith, Jianhong Wu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The utility of characterizing the effects of strain variation and individual/subgroup susceptibility on dose-response outcomes has motivated the search for new approaches beyond the popular use of the exponential dose-response model for listeriosis. While descriptive models can account for such variation, they have limited power to extrapolate beyond the details of particular outbreaks. By contrast, this study exhibits dose-response relationships from a mechanistic basis, quantifying key biological factors involved in pathogen-host dynamics. An …

Modifying The Mineral Profile Of Crickets (Acheta Domesticus) Using A Supplemented Diet, Rhianne Morgan Le Maxwell

Master's Theses

Captive insectivores may consume invertebrates as all, or part of their overall diet. The challenge with feeding captive insectivores involves the limited number of invertebrate species that are commercially available, and the lack of key nutrients provided by these insects. Among these insects, a naturally occurring low concentration of calcium and an inverse calcium to phosphorus ratio may put insectivores at the risk of developing hypocalcemia. A strategy to correct this nutrient imbalance involves supplementing the insect diet with high concentrations of targeted nutrients – a term referred to as gut-loading. Current industry guidelines recommend feeding a supplemented diet for …

Growth Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Wasatchensis And Its Detection And Enumeration Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isaac Brockbank Bowen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

There are numerous challenges encountered during the manufacturing and storage of cheese by both the large-scale and artesian producers. One such challenge has been the formation of late gassy defect, which occurs when gas is produced by certain lactic acid bacteria found in the cheese block during storage and aging over a three month time period. Negative consequences of late gas production are slits and cracks in the cheese block and puffy cheese packaging, which cause significant financial losses for manufacturers along with poor consumer acceptance.

Lactobacillus wasatchensis is one such lactic acid bacterium shown to produce gas during cheese …

Effect Of Grain Sorghum Polyphenols On Fecal Fermentation, Danielle Marie Ashley

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Obesity is an increasing epidemic which during 2015-2016 afflicted 39.8% of adults and 18.5% of youth in the United States. Not only can obesity affect quality of life, but it can lead to life-threatening diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. Animal and human research have demonstrated a pattern of gut microbiota perturbation in overweight and obesity, characterized by a reduction of beneficial bacterial species and increase in harmful species. Diet has been established as a contributing factor in gut ecology, and foods including fiber, resistant starch, and polyphenols have been found to both enhance …

Effects Of Serving Temperature On Sensory Perception And Acceptance Of Brewed Coffee, Matthew James Chapko

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Coffee continues to be one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. How an individual perceives a cup of coffee is impacted by a plethora of factors including origin, growing climate, roasting level, and consumption habits. This thesis utilized both trained descriptive panelists and untrained consumer panelists to analyze how serving/consumption temperature modulates sensory perception of brewed coffee in regards to appearance, aroma, flavor, taste, and mouthfeel. Three varieties of coffee (Colombia, Ethiopia, and Kenya) were brewed and served to panelists at four temperatures: 70, 55, 40, and 25 °C. In one study (Study 1, Chapter 3), results from descriptive …