Digital Commons Network^™

Optimization Of Polyphenols Process And Their Hypoglycemic And Antioxidant Activities Of Porphyra Haitanensis, Chen Xiao-Chen, Du Xi-Ping, Zhou Li-Juan, Wu Ling, Li Zhi-Peng, Yang Yuan-Fan

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Porphyra haitanensis polyphenols to develop natural hypoglycemic foods. Methods: The Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of P. haitanensis polyphenols. The α-glucosidase inhibition activity was applied to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of P. haitanensis polyphenols at different harvest periods, and the antioxidant activities of them were evaluated based on DPPH, ABTS⁺ radical scavenging rate and ORAC value. Results: The optimal extraction process conditions were liquid-solid ratio (V_ethanol∶m_{P. haitanensis}) 51∶1, ethanol concentration 56% and ultrasonication time 51 min. Under the control …

Characterization And Antioxidant Activity Determination Of Polysaccharide From Yam Peel Residue, Hang Shu-Yang, Yang Liu-Zhi, Shi Miao-Miao, Yan Yi-Zhe, Liu Yan-Qi

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to fully develop the utilization value of yam bark. Methods: The extraction of polysaccharides from yam bark and the residue of polyphenols and flavonoids extracted by ethanol was carried out by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. The polysaccharides of yam peel (P1) and yam peel residue (P2) were obtained. The structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of P1 and P2 were analyzed. Results: The yield of P1 and P2 were similar, but the polysaccharide content of P2 (33.5%) was about twice that of P1 (17.8%). Both P1 and P2 have loose and porous structures, and P2 …

Comparative Analysis Of Physicochemical Properties And Instant Properties Of Four Root Starches In Wuling Mountain Area, Mi Wang, Chen Ji, Yu Ji, Yao Mao-Jun, Ma Cheng-Jin, Li Yun-Tong

Food and Machinery

Objective: Kudzu root, fern root, lily, and yam bean are characteristic plant resources in Wuling Mountain Area, the gelatinization and instant properties of these four starches was analyzed in this study. Methods: SEM, RVA, and DSC were used to investigate the gelatinization properties of the starches, and the transparency and apparent fluidity of starch pastes was used to analysis the instant properties. Results: The granule of kudzu root, fern root, and yam bean starches showed similar morphology, most of which are spherical, but lily starch exhibited spindle-shaped morphology. The RVA results showed that the peak viscosity of lily starch was …

Nutritional Value And Development Prospect Of Edible Dock, Wang Xiao-Jie, Liu Kang, Zhang Li, Zheng Ming-Ming, Zhou Yi-Bin

Food and Machinery

To investigate the physicochemical properties of edible dock, promote its processing and develop the related products, the safety, advantages as a new food raw material, nutritional components, health efficacy and application status of the edible dock were reviewed, and the prospects for the development of edible dock products were also presented.

Optimization And Quality Evaluation Of Extracting Lemon Pectin By Oxalic Acid, Zheng Xi, Zou Yan-Jun-Jie, Zhou Mi-Ya, Ren Xu

Food and Machinery

Objective： This study aimed to improve the yield and gelling property of lemon pectin. Methods: Oxalic acid was used to extract pectin from lemon residue. The factors of optimal ratio of solid-liquid, pH, extraction temperature and extraction time were optimized through single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The purity, degree of esterification and rheological properties of the extracted lemon pectin were analyzed. The differences of gelling property between the extracted lemon pectin and two kinds of commercial high methoxyl pectins (HMP-1, HMP-2) were compared. Results: The results showed that the yield of pectin extract was 22.83%, with total galacturonic acid …

Effect Of Mixed Bacterial Fermentation On The Quality Of Salt-Free Sauerkraut, Su Jing-Hong, Wu Bin

Food and Machinery

Objective: To use lactic acid bacteria to ferment salt-free sauerkraut. Methods: By considering the fermentation characteristics and bacterial inhibition capacity of the strains, lactic acid bacteria with high acid production capacity and bacterial inhibition capacity were selected to make a mixed ferment. Then, the fermentation process was optimized using single-factor tests and response surface tests. Results: Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus were selected as the fermenting strains with high growth activity, acid production capacity and bacterial inhibition capacity, and fermented at 30 ℃. The colour and odour of the sauerkraut prepared under this process condition was good and the organoleptic …

Study On Process Optimization And Antioxidant Properties Of Passion Fruit And Apple Compound Fermented Milk Beverage, Jia Qing-Chao

Food and Machinery

Objective: Using passion fruit, apple and pure milk as raw materials, the optimum preparation technology and antioxidant activity of passion fruit apple flavor fermented milk were studied. Methods: Taking sensory evaluation and protein content as indicators, the effects of apple juice addition, passion fruit juice addition, sucrose addition, fermentation time and starter inoculation on sensory quality of passion fruit apple flavor fermented milk were studied by single factor test using fuzzy mathematics evaluation method. The fermentation process conditions of passion fruit apple flavor fermented milk were optimized by response surface methodology, and the antioxidant activity and various indexes of fermented …

The Potential Correlation Between Bacterial Community And The Characteristic Volatile Flavour Of Traditional Fermented Fish During Solid Fermentation, Yu Mei-Juan, Yang Hui, Huang Lu-Hong, Tang Huan, Zhang Qun

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the microbial succession and the changes of volatile flavor substances in traditional fermented fish. Methods: Traditional microbial counting methods, high-throughput sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） were applied to explore the effects of different fermentation times of traditional fermented fish （0~180 d） on microflora changes and the volatile flavor compounds during the processing of the solid fermentation process of traditional fermented fish as well as on the correlation between them. Results: The results showed that the main dominant bacterial genera included Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, etc. That there were 69 volatile flavor components in fermentation process, mainly including …

Physicochemical Properties Of Layered Starch Of Japonica Rice, Zhang Chu-Jia, Jia Jian-Hui, Gao Man, Liu Ying, Dou Bo-Xin, Zhang Na

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to improve the high-value utilization of japonica starch and the comprehensive application of japonica layered starch. Methods: Japonica starch was extracted by alkaline and enzymatic methods, and the physicochemical indexes such as basic composition, solubility, swelling power and pasting characteristics of the 3 layers of starch after centrifugation were analyzed, and the structural characteristics were studied by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Results: The contents of the three starch layers extracted by alkali and enzymatic methods ranged from 91% to 99%, with the highest relative proportion of the middle layer starch. The amylose content of …

Comparative Nutritional Assessment And Metabolomics Of A Wrky Rice Mutant With Enhanced Germination Rates, Santiago Bataller, Anne J. Villacastin, Qingxi J. Shen, Christine Bergman

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Rice is the primary staple food for half the world’s population. Climate change challenges and food insecurity supports the need for rice with agronomically advantageous traits. We report on a transposon insertional rice mutant with enhanced germination rates. This trait is advantageous for rice growth in limited water regions and to reduce yield constraints caused by weed and bird competition. Evaluations of vital nutritional components, compositional analysis, and comparative metabolomics on threshed grain samples are performed, as these assays are those used to assess the safety of foods from genetically modified crops. Compared with the wild type (cv. Nipponbare), oswrky71 …

Fatty Acid, Carotenoid And Fat-Soluble Vitamin Composition Of Multispecies Swards Grown In Ireland—Implications For A Sustainable Feed In Dairy Farming, Samuel Rapisarda, Graham O'Neill, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Although traditional ryegrass pastures are still commonly used, they require intense management and input and do not perform well during the summer months. Multispecies systems have been recognised as more sustainable, needing less fertiliser and being tolerant to drought and heat. While data on monoculture system fat composition exist, information for multispecies is scarce. The present study compared the fatty acid (FA), carotenoid and fat-soluble composition of a multispecies system (consisting of perennial ryegrass, timothy, white clover, red clover, chicory and plantain) (MULTI) with two other conventional grazing systems (monoculture perennial ryegrass (PRG) and a binary mixture of perennial ryegrass …

Fusarium Species Structure In Nebraska Corn, Yuchu Ma

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fusarium species are known to infect corn and cause significant yield losses and mycotoxin contamination worldwide. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Fusarium species infecting corn in Nebraska and their potential to produce fumonisins and trichothecenes. A total of 259 Fusarium isolates were collected from different corn tissues (ear, stalk, and root), revealing a significant association between the various Fusarium species complexes and different plant parts (p < 0.05). Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) was the most widespread and abundant, followed by the Fusarium sambucinum (FSAMSC) and Fusarium fujikuroi species complexes (FFSC). In the subsequent analysis, we investigated the mycotoxin …

Assessing How Various Cooking Methods Influence Several Physical Qualities Of Chicken Breasts, Matthew Hulse, Jinjer Smith, Sami Allen, Melody Loutzenhiser

Student Research Symposium

Juiciness and tenderness are two of the characteristics which define meat quality and acceptability for a consumer. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect on moisture loss, tenderness, chewability, taste, aroma, color, and texture on chicken breast when cooked using different methods such as: sous-vide (water bath), baking, air-frying, and pan-frying. Killing harmful organisms by cooking is necessary for meat, and these different methods result in different moisture retention and texture of the product. The intention of this experiment is to equip consumers with the information they need to choose which cooking method best aligns with their …

Development Of Value-Added Butter By Incorporating Whey Protein Hydrolysate-Encapsulated Probiotics, Kritika Gaba, Sanjeev Anand, Athira Syamala

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

The probiotic foods market is growing exponentially; however, probiotics’ survivability and interaction with product attributes pose major challenges. A previous study of our lab developed a spray-dried encapsulant utilizing whey protein hydrolysate-maltodextrin and probiotics with high viable counts and enhanced bioactive properties. Viscous products such as butter could be suitable carriers for such encapsulated probiotics. The objective of the current study was to standardize this encapsulant in salted and unsalted butter, followed by storage stability studies at 4 ◦C. Butter was prepared at a lab-scale level, and the encapsulant was added at 0.1% and 1%, followed by physiochemical and microbiological …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Developing Climate-Smart Beef and Bison Commodities
[Page] 5 Joseph Cassady Leads CAFES as New Dean
[Page] 7 Inaugural Class of Klingbeil Scholars
[Page] 9 Jackrabbits to Future Veterinarians
[Page] 11 Protecting South Dakota’s Grasslands
[Page] 13 Growing Youth Programs
[Page] 15 Partnerships for Positive Growth
[Page] 17 Building Highly Effective Boards
[Page] 19 SDSU Extension Podcasts
[Page] 21 Providing Good Food for All
[Page] 23 Improving Seed Varieties
[Page] 25 CAFES Endowed Positions
[Page] 29 Jackrabbits Now and Then

Bioavailability Of Citrulline In Watermelon Flesh, Rind, And Skin Using A Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cell Model, Inah Gu, Olugbenga Balogun, Cindi Brownmiller, Hye Won Kang, Sun-Ok Lee

Food Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Watermelon produces many byproducts (watermelon rind and skin) even though those components contain various bioactive compounds, including citrulline. This study evaluated the citrulline concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of different parts of watermelon and investigated the bioavailability of citrulline from different parts of watermelon using an in vitro human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Solid-phase extracted watermelon flesh, rind, and skin samples were treated on a Caco-2 cell monolayer for 1, 2, and 4 h. The collected basolateral solution at each time point was analyzed for the percentage of citrulline transport. Watermelon flesh …

Effect Of The Physical Fibrillated Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas) Stem On The Plant-Based Patty Analogues, Suyoon Lee, You Young Lee, Yang Kim, Seung Hwan Ham, Min Gyu Lee, Jungwoo Hahn, Young Jin Choi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In this study, a dietary fiber extracted from sweet potato stems (Ipomoea batatas, PS) was evaluated for its ability to improve the quality of vegetable patty analogues. A patty analogues containing 0–50 wt% dietary fiber were prepared to analyze the utilized dietary fiber's performance. To evaluate the manufactured patty analogues, texture profile analysis, color analysis, emulsion stability, and microstructural analysis were conducted. As the PS increased, the hardness decreased, while the total expressible fluids tended to increase. The color analysis revealed that the a* value, which represents red, declined as the PS content increased, and heterogeneous colors showed …

Effect Of Uv-C Light Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Hydroponically Grown Lettuce And Its Effect On Quality, Ivannova Lituma

LSU Master's Theses

Controlled agriculture environments like hydroponic systems are a growing industry. However, studies have shown potential of microbial growth in hydroponic systems, highlighting the need for decontamination techniques to prevent the risk of foodborne diseases. This study evaluated the effect of UV-C light against Listeria monocytogenes on hydroponically grown lettuce and seeds. Lettuce leaves were spot inoculated (100μL) with Listeria monocytogenes cocktail and exposed to UV-C light (0.28mW/cm2) for 10 to 50 seconds in 10-second increments and 1 to 5 minutes in 1- minute increments. UV treated leaves were stored at 4C° and visually inspected for 5 days. Additionally, the smooth …

Household And Community Factors Affecting Nutritional Status Of Under-Five Children (6-59 Months) In Gairo District Using Composite Index Of Anthropometric Failure, Tausi M. Mohamed, Cornelio N. Nyaruhucha

Tanzania Journal of Science

In Tanzania, where the majority of under-five children are affected, undernutrition is still a significant public health concern. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of undernutrition and its determinants among under-five children in Gairo District using a Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). A household-based cross-sectional study was employed involving 300 under-five children with their mothers/caregivers in three wards in the Gairo District. Data collection on socio-demographics, dietary diversity, and healthcare factors were collected by interviewer-based semi-structured questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements using standard procedures were performed to collect anthropometric data. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and p-value ≤ …

Effects Of Vacuum Packaging And Chilling Storage On The Microbiological Changes Of The Superheated Steam Dried Sardines, Prissillah Antelm, Ibrahim Juma, Leonard M.P. Rweyemamu, Lillian Daniel Kaale

Tanzania Journal of Science

Fish are important sources of protein and micronutrients for combating malnutrition. Since fish are highly perishable, methods for processing and preserving them should be the main focus to increase their shelf life and maintain their quality. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the superheated steam dryer (SSD) in processing sardines, and examined the effects of packaging and storage conditions on their microbiological quality. Sardines collected from the Mafia Island were dried in SSD, air-packed and stored at room temperature (AR), air-packed and stored at chilling temperature (AC), vacuum-packed and stored at room temperature (VR), and vacuum-packed and stored at …

Evaluation Of Free Radical Scavenging  Activity Of Sauce And Formulation Of Tamarindus Indica (L.) And Prunus Domestica (L.) Fruits, Zulnoreen Sarfaraz, Mehmooda Munazir, Mubashrah Munir, Asma Ahmed, Rehana Badar, Ayesha Tahir

Journal of Bioresource Management

The formulation and sauce of Tamarindus indica  (L.) and Prusnus  dometica (L.) are very popular recipes across globe. But, not even a single study existed on free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of afore-mentioned recipes. So, the present study was designed to bridge this gap of information. The FRSA of individual samples were also determined and compared with that of combinations of both. The highest value for FRSA among all samples was that of T. indica (158.9732 ± 12.658 % at 100 μg ml^-1). It was followed by that of individual extract of P. domestica fruit (96.647 ± 0.554 %). …

Effect Of Type Of Mulch And Biological Soil Amendments Of Animal Origin (Bsaao) On Microbial Food Safety Risk On Cucumbers And Carrots Irrigated With Contaminated Or Chlorinated Water, Juan Fernando Moreira Calix

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A comprehensive understanding of the effect biological soil amendments of animal origin and physical soil amendments have on produce contamination is important for developing strategies to mitigate this risk. Our studies investigated the persistence of generic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in soil and produce surfaces with different BSAAO and mulch applications, as well as the effectiveness of chlorine treatments in reducing enteric bacteria in the field. Cucumbers harvested from plots with paper mulch had the highest levels of E. coli (3.76 Log CFU/cm²) while samples from maize mulch had the lowest levels (1.68 …

Multilingual Zambia - Language Issues In Primary/Secondary Schools Of The Eastern/Southern Provinces, Kenzie Steiner

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

Introduction: Zambia is a multilingual country that uses 8 different languages for instruction including English and 7 other indigenous languages.

Methods: Survey research conducted between May-June 2022 on 6-7th graders within 9 Zambian schools. Classroom observations made and teachers interviewed.

Results: In Eastern and Southern Provinces, Zambian teachers speak an average of 5 languages while students speak an average of 2. Both teachers and students say English remains the most important language followed by first languages.

Conclusion: Continued research on language-in-education policies and impacts on student performance must be conducted if “One Zambia, One Nation” is meant to promote all …

Evaluating Sensory Quality, Willingness To Try, Risk And Product Appropriateness Of Seafood Byproducts, Silvia Jessenia Murillo Miguez

LSU Master's Theses

Valorization of food wastes/byproducts has become a major subject of research to increase sustainability of the global food supply chain. Seafood industries generate a substantial quantity of byproducts. An online survey was used to evaluate Willingness-to-try (WTT), the effect of a Consumer Safety Statement (CSS) on WTT, perceived risks and product appropriateness associated with seafood byproducts in food as influenced by gender and race. Based on the finding from this survey, a clean label catfish bone powder (CBP) was developed and used for breaded catfish sticks which were evaluated for sensory liking, emotional profile, and purchase intent. Previous consumers of …

Guilu Erxian Jiao Enhances Protein Synthesis, Glucose Homeostasis, Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Slow-Twitch Fibers In The Skeletal Muscle, Wei-Yu Fang, Wan-Hsuan Chang, Yi-Hong Tsai, Hung-Te Hsu, Fang-Rong Chang, Chih-Lung Lin, Yi-Ching Lo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Guilu Erxian Jiao (GEJ) is a commonly used nutritional supplement due to its rich content of amino acids. It is also a traditional herbal medicine for improving degenerative joint. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of GEJ water extract (GEJ-WE) on skeletal muscle in C2C12 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of GEJ-WE were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting with chemical standards. Protein expression, mRNA level, glycogen content, mitochondria activity and ATP level were evaluated by western blots, real-time PCR, PAS staining, MTT and ATP bioluminescence assay, respectively. Skeletal muscle strength was evaluated by grip strength. Skeletal …

Simultaneous Determination Of 24 Congeners Of 2- And 3‑Monochloropropanediol Esters And 7 Congeners Of Glycidyl Esters Using Direct Multi-Residue Analytical Lc-Ms/Ms Methods In Various Food Matrices, Ching-Chang Lee, Bo-Lun Lin, Yi-Wen Huang, Ning-Syuan Hsu, Wei-Hsiang Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (MCPDEs) are emerging process-generated food contaminants known as possible carcinogens. Herein, a direct method is developed and validated for the first time to simultaneously quantify seven GEs and twenty-four MCPDE congeners of processed foods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a single sequence without ester cleavage or derivatisation, thereby allowing for the simultaneous analysis of numerous food matrices with high accuracy and precision. Our results show levels of GEs varying from

Erinacine S From Hericium Erinaceus Mycelium Promotes Neuronal Regeneration By Inducing Neurosteroids Accumulation, Chun-Yu Lin, Yi-Ju Chen, Chih-Hsuan Hsu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Peng-Tzu Chen, Ting-Han Kuo, Chris T. Ho, Hsin-Hua Chen, Sih-Jia Huang, Ho-Chieh Chiu, Chin-Chu Chen, Eric Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Erinacines derived from Hericium erinaceus have been shown to possess various health benefits including neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we found that erinacine S enhances neurite outgrowth in a cell autonomous fashion. It promotes post-injury axon regeneration of PNS neurons and enhances regeneration on inhibitory substrates of CNS neurons. Using RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses, erinacine S was found to cause the accumulation of neurosteroids in neurons. ELISA and neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor assays were performed to validate this effect. This research uncovers a previously unknown effect of erinacine S on raising the level of neurosteroids.

Proximate Composition, Retained Water, And Bacterial Load For Two Sizes Of Hybrid Catfish (Ictalurus Furcatus × Ictalurus Punctatus) Fillets At Different Process Steps, Manirul Haque, Juan L. Silva

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The catfish processors in the US are required to state the maximum percentage of retained water content (RWC) on the product label. The objectives of our study were to quantify the RWC of processed hybrid catfish fillets from proximate composition and the bacterial load at different processing points. Water content was determined using oven-dry (AOAC950.46,1990) and Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Protein and fat content were determined by NIR spectrometer. Psychrotrophic (PPC) and Total Coliform (TCC) counts were enumerated using 3MPetrifilmTM. The fillets’ overall baseline water, protein, and fat content were 77.8, 16.7 and 5.7%, respectively. The RWC of final fresh and …

Metabolic Syndrome And Chronic Disease Risk In South Asian Immigrants: A Review Of Prevalence, Factors, And Interventions, Meena Mahadevan, Mousumi Bose, Kelly M. Gawron, Renata Blumberg

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

South Asians (SAs) are among the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the U.S. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition that is characterized by multiple health factors that increase the risk for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. MetS prevalence among SA immigrants ranges from 27–47% in multiple cross-sectional studies using different diagnostic criteria, which is generally higher compared to other populations in the receiving country. Both genetic and environmental factors are attributed to this increased prevalence. Limited intervention studies have shown effective management of MetS conditions within the SA population. This review reports MetS prevalence in SAs residing …

Unpacking The Proteome And Metaproteome Of The Black Soldier Fly Larvae: Efficacy And Complementarity Of Multiple Protein Extraction Protocols, Utpal Bose, Angela Juhasz, Sally Stockwell, Sophia Escobar-Correas, Anna Marcora, Cate Paull, James A. Broadbent, Gene Wijffels

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), have demonstrated the ability to efficiently bioconvert organic waste into a sustainable source of food and feed, but fundamental biology remains to be discovered to exploit their full biodegradative potential. Herein, LC-MS/MS was used to assess the efficiency of eight differing extraction protocols to build foundational knowledge regarding the proteome landscape of both the BSF larvae body and gut. Each protocol yielded complementary information to improve BSF proteome coverage. Protocol 8 (liquid nitrogen, defatting, and urea/thiourea/chaps) was better than all other protocols for the protein extraction from larvae …