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Bats: Their Public Health Importance And Control With Special Reference To Trinidad, Arthur M. Greenhall

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

This brief review of the public health importance and control of bats is oriented to Trinidad, where, during the past ten years I investigated their zoomedical importance (1). Trinidad is noted for Pawan's classic epidemiological studies of bat rabies (2,3) as well as its bat control program with which I have been associated since its inception in 1934 (4). Further, Trinidad has bat problems, in addition to rabies, which occur in other countries of the world. Although various methods of bat control have been developed in Trinidad, the field is virtually unexplored. Increasingly, bat control is a matter of paramount …

Sound In Vertebrate Pest Control, Hubert Frings

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The best known vertebrate pests, as the papers presented at this meeting show, are birds and mammals. Other vertebrates, however, may become pests also: sharks, lampreys, toads (they fall into swimming pools), geckos, tortoises and snakes, for example. Without considering them, however, the depredations by birds and mammals alone are so varied that no single method of pest control can ever be all-embracing. Certainly, no one would suggest that acoustical methods would be, but, with further study, acoustical pest control should be much more widely used. I hope to point out here the possibilities and a few realities in bio-acoustics …

Hawaiian Sugar Cane Rat Control Methods And Problems, William R. Smythe

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The problem of rats in our Hawaiian sugar cane fields has been with us for a long time. Early records tell of heavy damage at various times on all the islands where sugar cane is grown. Many methods were tried to control these rats. Trapping was once used as a control measure, a bounty was used for a time, gangs of dogs were trained to catch the rats as the cane was harvested. Many kinds of baits and poisons were used. All of these methods were of some value as long as labor was cheap. Our present day problem started …

Roof Rat Populations In Santa Clara County, California, Dean H. Ecke

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Northern Santa Clara County, California, was historically an agricultural community with orchard culture dominating the economy. Prunes, apricots, walnuts, and cherries were the principal crops. Orchards were disced clean during most of the summer growing season, and a cover crop of mustard or horse beans was grown beneath the trees in winter. About the only "natural" year around cover on the valley floor was the brush and grass which volunteered along the several creek banks. Under such conditions, roof rats (Rattus rattus) were not numerous. An occasional rat colony could be found in a fruit processing shed or …

Occupational Hazards To Pest Control Operators With Special Reference To Pesticides, Irma West

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

With the help of one of your expert operators I have selected eight pesticides which I understand are widely used in vertebrate pest control, and with one exception, pose substantial safety problems for operators. These pesticides are the anticoagulants, zinc phosphide, 1080, strychnine, thallium sulfate, anhydrous ammonia, carbon disulfide, and methyl bromide. Except for the anticoagulants, it would be hard to assemble a more lethal group of chemicals. I wonder if the talents of chemical research should not be brought into this picture more actively, so that less hazardous materials could be developed for vertebrate pest control. Perhaps the economic …

Diseases Derived From Wildlife, Harald Norlin Johnson M.D.

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The specific diseases of man known to be derived from wildlife in California are: rabies, Western encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Colorado tick fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, relapsing fever, 0. fever, plague, tularemia, murine typhus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, psittacosis, leptospirosis, salmonellosis and toxoplasmosis. A variety of bacterial infections may be contracted from wild animals, notably those caused by Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis, Pasteurella multocida, Bacillus anthracis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Clostridium tetani and Listerella monocyto-genes. Certain of the fungus diseases such as coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis are derived from exposure to wildlife habitats. California virus has been isolated from arthropods and Rio Bravo virus from bats …

Animal Population Ecology And Control Fundamentals, Kenneth E. F. Watt

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

Expensive, extensive and apparently lethal control measures have been applied against many species of pest vertebrates and invertebrates for decades. In spite of this, few pests have been annihilated, and in many cases the stated goals have become progressively more modest, so that now we speak of saving foliage or a crop, rather than extermination. It is of interest to examine the reasons why animals are so difficult to exterminate, because this matter, of course, has implications for the type of control policy we pursue in the future. Also, it has implications for the problem of evaluating comparatively various resource …

The Role Of Pest Control Operators In Vertebrate Pest Control, Philip J. Spear

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The National Pest Control Association, which I represent, accepts for membership those persons or firms which are actively engaged in the performance of structural pest control services for hire to the public at large and which are in sympathy with the purposes of the Association. The pest control operator in this context might be called a commercial pest control operator to distinguish him from those doing similar work but who are employed by governmental agencies or within large commercial organizations. Pest control is a growing industry with a gross annual income of 300-350 million dollars. It is estimated to contain …

Opening Remarks, James W. Koehler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The purpose of this Vertebrate Pest Control Conference are several. They are to: 1. Get acquainted with other persons in the field of vertebrate pest control ; 2. Learn the best and safest methods of vertebrate pest control; 3. Hear what is going on in the various fields of research; 4. Stimulate new research; 5. Improve communications between research workers and between research workers, pest control operators and industry developers of materials used in the field of vertebrate pest control; 6. Inform the public about the true role of vertebrate pest control and why it is sometimes necessary, and 7. …

Starlings In The Pacific Northwest, H. Nelson Elliott

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

As is the case in many sections of the country today, starlings are causing increasing concern in the Pacific Northwest. When these birds were first recognized in Washington, Oregon and Idaho in the early 1940's only small numbers were seen, usually with blackbirds. During the 50's, however, the number of wintering starlings increased from a few birds, to thousands, with estimated flocks of 25,000 to 50,000 in western Oregon and along the Snake River Valley in Idaho and eastern Oregon. During the past five years winter resident populations in these areas have been estimated by the 100,000's, with some observers …

Testing And Registration Of New Control Materials, Donald A. Spencer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act broadly encompasses, " any substance or mixture of substances intended for pre¬ venting, destroying, repelling, or mitigating...." a pest. The act includes devices as well as chemicals used in the control of pests. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to provide authoritative evidence of the efficacy and safety of his pesticide product. Within the scope of these four brief excerpts from the act there is much about which personnel engaged in research and development of vertebrate pest control products should be informed. As stated, the coverage of the act is very complete, …

Second Vertebrate Pest Control Conference: Contents, Schedule, And Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

PROCEEDINGS SECOND VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL CONFERENCE
Charter House Hotel Anaheim, California March 4 and 5, 1964
SPONSOR:California Vertebrate Pest Control Technical Committee
GENERAL CHAIRMAN OF CONFERENCE: James W. Koehler, Chief, Weed and Vertebrate Pest Control, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California
PROGRAM AND PUBLICITY:
Maynard W. Cummings, Chairman Extension Wildlife Management Specialist, University of California, Davis
James W. Koehler, Chief, Weed and Vertebrate Pest Control, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California
Walter E. Howard, Associate Vertebrate Ecologist, Department of Animal Physiology, University of California, Davis, California
Keith F. Murray, Senior Vector Control Specialist, Bureau of Vector Control, California Department of …

The Role Of Industry In Developing New Materials For Vertebrate Pest Control, G. Hermann, W. M. Zeck

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

In the first paper presented to you today by Dr. Spencer, an expert in the Animal Biology field and an official authority at the same time, you heard about the requirements imposed on a chemical in order to pass the different official hurdles before it ever will be accepted as a proven tool in wildlife management. Many characteristics have to be known and highly sophisticated tests have to be run. In many instances the governmental agency maintains its own screening, testing or analytical programs according to standard procedures. It would be impossible, however, for economic and time reasons to work …

Irrigation: Soil-Plant-Water Relationships, Soil Conservation Service, Engineering Division

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Soil-Plant-Water relationships describes those properties of soils and plants that affect the movement, retention, and use of water essential to plant growth. This publication attempts to provide engineers the basic data necessary to plan and maintain efficient conservation irrigation practices to provide a permanent irrigated agriculture engineering principles and research findings have been screened to give emphasis to the information needed to design, install, and operate irrigation systems on farms or groups of farms.

The Natural Propagation Of Northern Pike In Small Drainable Ponds, D. B. Mccarraher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

To obtain information on the hatching success and fingerling survival of the northern pike (Esox lucius) in small drainable ponds, experiments were initiated at the State Fish Hatchery, Valentine, Nebraska, during the spring seasons of 1955 and 1956.

All the ponds used in this work were winter-fallowed, providing areas without fish populations. At no time in 1955 or 1956 were forage fish added to the ponds.

Adult spawner pike for the ponds were obtained from Mothers Lake (in Cherry County, Nebraska) in 1955 and from Big Alkali Lake (also in Cherry County) during 1956. All breeder pike were …

Fisheries Report No I (1) - The Shark Bay Fishery On Snapper Chrysophrys Unicolor (Quoy And Gaimard), B. K. Bowen

Fisheries Research Reports

As regards both catch and value, the Shark Bay snapper fishery is the second most important scale fishery in Western Australia. Until 195%, the fishing was done solely by means of hard-lines operated from beats drifting over the snapper patches. In 1959 traps were first used with great success and in 196) this method of fishing was again the principal technique.

Prior to the 1960 season there were several suggestions that the use of traps would have a deleterious effect on the fishery. On October 19, 1959, the Western Australian League of the Professional Fishermen's Association wrote to the Fisheries …

Erratum: Autoradiographic Distribution Of Radioactive Sodium In Rat Kidney

Canyonlands Research Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Dissolved-Mineral Inflow To Great Salt Lake And Chemical Characteristics Of The Salt Lake Brine: Part Ii- Technical Report, D. C. Hahl, R. H. Langford

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Waterfowl Drive-Trap Banding, Gene Goecke

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

During a 3-week period in July of 1964, Game Section personnel with assistance from Biology Section and Conservation Officer personnel carried out drive-trap waterfowl banding operations on marsh areas in the northern part of Iowa. This was the fourth year that drive-trap banding operations have been carried out in the state. Several days prior to the actual banding operations were spent selecting areas to band. Areas were selected that had a good population of local birds and vegetative cover suitable for banding. Young birds can be extremely difficult to drive on heavily vegetated marshes of emergent vegetation, and marshes lacking …

Private Nonindustrial Ownership Of Forest Land: An Economic Theory Of Owner Motivation And Management Intensity, Robert O. Mcmahon

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Soil Conservation : Build Contour Banks With A Disc Plough, G W. Spencer, D. J. Carder

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Heavy earthmoving machinery is not necessary for contouring; most farmers are already equipped to do the job themselves.

This article by soil conservation advisers G. W. Spencer and D. J. Carder tells how to build contour banks with a disc plough.

Dairy Farming In The Busselton-Margaret River District. Part 1. Stage Of Development, R A. Bettenay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This article is the first of four in a series reporting a survey of farming practices in the Busselton-Margaret River area.

Besides the development of farms the series will cover farm stocking rates and milk production on farms in the area.

THE survey of farms in the Busselton-Margaret River district began at the end of the 1962 season.

Information on the stage of development of the properties was obtained from 94 farmers during advisory visits.

Treating Severe Saltland, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE illustration shows a large area of severely salt affected land near Narembeen.

Before treatment, sheep had access to the area and in summer broke the topsoil into a fine powder which lifted to form dust storms with every good breeze.

Soil Conservation : Contour Banks Must Be Maintained, D J. Carder, G. W. Spencer

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The wet winter of 1963 showed up faults in many contour bank systems and emphasised that banks won't last forever without maintenance.

This article tells where to look for weaknesses and how to treat them.

Soil Erosion And Farm Water Supplies, J C. Grasby, J. E. Watson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Water supplies for stock have an important influence on farm management.

In this article Soil Conservation Advisers J. C. Grasby and J. E. Watson discuss problems of soil erosion and farm water supplies.

Opposed Disc Plough Furrows Hard Kimberley Soils, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE work of reclaiming the eroded areas of the Ord River catchment has posed special problems for field staff of the Department of Agriculture engaged on this large scale project.

Thousands of miles of furrows must be contour-ploughed and seeded in extremely hard ground over big areas of eroded country.

Modern Methods Boost Apple Production In A South-West Orchard, N H. Shorter

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A WELL-KNOWN South-West apple orchard with an impressive cropping record is owned by W. F. & E. M. Dilley and Sons, of Upper Capel, near Donnybrook.

Trees in this orchard have been producing consistently heavy crops for many years and, furthermore, yields have increased steadily over a 10-year period.

Soil Erosion By Water In W.A. Cropland : A Serious And Widespread Problem, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Much wheatbelt agriculture is based on thin topsoils which are inherently infertile by world standards. Erosion even to the depth of cultivation will cause the loss of:—

• most of the original topsoil

• the phosphate build up from years of "super" applications

• any accumulation of organic matter and humus.

Salt Land Survey, 1962 : Report Of A Survey Of Soil Salinity In The Agricultural Areas Of Western Australia, L C. Lightfoot, S. T. Smith, C. V. Malcolm

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

IN Western Australia there are within the agricultural areas about one million acres of salt land, largely within the 14-25 inch rainfall area used for cereal and wool production.

In March, 1962, farmers in 68 shires in the agricultural areas of Western Australia estimated that on their properties 305,270 acres of land previously cropped or sown to pasture had become salt affected. Of this total, 59,203 acres had gone salt in the seven years immediately before the survey.

Agriculture In The Lakes District : Report Of A Survey Of Farm Practices, A W. Hogstrom

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

At the request of the Central South Zone Development Committee a survey which covered 58 farms in the Lakes District was carried out by officers of the Department of Agriculture. Field work for the survey started in 1961.

The Lakes District supports about 70 holdings adjoining a chain of salt lakes to the east of Newdegate and Hyden but west of the No. 1 Rabbit Proof Fence.

The chain of lakes is about 70 miles long running in a N.N.W. to S.S.E. direction. The lakes are O'Connor, Carmody, Hurlstone, Varley, Gulson, Fox, Camm, King, and Pal lamp.