Digital Commons Network^™

Burning Wood As A Supplement To Solid Waste, Andrew R. Banta, William P. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The University of Kansas at Lawrence uses natural gas and oil to generate steam for heating and other campus needs. The projected price increase of these fuels has led to a study of burning solid waste and wood. This study discusses the technical and economic considerations of burning wood. Topics included are sources and availability, collection and transportation, preparation and burning, and environmental effects. It is concluded that sufficient wood is available; truck transport is the only feasible option; drying some wood is desirable; and that the burning can be done separately or directly with the solid waste.

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

Industrial Energy Conservation Through Boiler Operation Efficiency Improvement, Dupree Maples, G. D. Whitehouse

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A method of determining the minimum amount of oxygen in the flue gas which results in the most efficient combustion is discussed. Results of field test are presented. The magnitude of the stack gas losses is dependent on the stack gas composition determined by the fuel and quantity of excess air and the stack temperature.

Oil Shale Energy And The Environment, Stephen Utter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Shale oil can be produced from oil shale by true In situ, modified in situ, and surface retorting methods. Both modified in situ and surface methods require mining of the oil shale. The environmental Implications of an oil shale mining industry are reviewed and the impacts upon land use, air and water quality, and ecological systems discussed. The Bureau's mining environmental research program is described and the results to date summarized.

New Concept In Louver Blade Design Reduces Energy Losses, Peggy Kitchen, R. David Moore

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new louver blade design, developed through extensive wind tunnel tests, employs an airfoil shape with excellent aerodynamic characteristics. Stressed-skin construction adds strength and rigidity permitting the use of longer blades and the elimination of unnecessary frame sections. Lever arms and linkage rods are placed out of the airstream, further reducing resistance to airflow. Louvers and dampers employing this design will have a pressure drop of from 1/4 to 1/10 that of units of traditional design.

Fuel Gas From Wood Waste, V. K. Mathur, R. A. Caughey

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Design, construction and operation of a new type of gasifier for the production of fuel gas from wood waste (sawdust, chips, bark, etc.) are discussed. Data obtained from pilot plants are presented. The gasifier is inexpensive, easy to operate and has about 95% efficiency.

Banquet Speaker: Energy -- What We Must Do, Peter Van Nort

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

You have heard for the last two days and will hear tomorrow relative to energy what people are planning, what is being researched, what is proposed, what is possible, what is being tested, etc. I would like to tell you what each of us must do relative to energy. I hope you will excuse me for being presumptuous….

The message might better be called a plea -- a plea from one person committed to the great- ness of this country and more importantly, committed to its survival in its present form….

We are in a crisis….Never before have we run …

Heat Recovery System For Glass Melting Furnace, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The installation and operating of a 100 ton per day glass melting furnace by Flat River Glass Company to make specialty bottles provided an excellent opportunity for recovery of waste heat. The furnace operates at 2300°F, and four feeders to bottle making machines operate at 2100“F. The 120,000 s.f. packaging area is next to the furnace bay, and it is heated solely by reclaimed heat from the melting furnace bay.

There are two systems that are used to transfer this waste heat from the furnace area to the packaging area. The first of these systems is a water loop. Water …

An Analysis Of Solar Heating Costs In Arkansas Broiler Houses, Ralph Gunderson, J. Martin Redfern

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study is based on the computer simulation model of a solar heated broiler house in four locations in Arkansas. This simulation model estimated the annual energy savings in each broiler house due to the installation of a solar heating system. This paper uses present value analysis to estimate the life cycle costs of heating conventional and solar heated broiler houses in the state of Arkansas. From these calculations, the number of years required to achieve a break-even cost of heating is estimated.

The Development Of Coal-Based Emulsions And Their Potential Impact On The National Economy, Murphy I. Song

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The proposed national energy policy emphasizes the use of coal replacing oil and gas. Coal-oil mixture (COM) can be produced using techniques developed in recent years to replace oil and gas. Large existing utility and industrial boilers could be converted to bum COM by retrofitting the boilers. In addition, the COM provides definite financial advantages to the owners of large utility and industrial boilers. The use of COM impacts on the national economy through new investment for retrofitting utility and industrial boilers, through reduced importation of residual oil, and through increased demand for coal.

Usable Energy Resources Expand Under The Economic Pressures Of Fuel Scarcity, Raphael Shen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Until mankind finds properties in materials that are useful and usable under given economic conditions, these materials are not resources. In the past, many of them became usable as the ones they replaced became scarce and expensive. Market induced R & D toward profit seeking and cost minimization hastens to incorporate currently unused materials into the productive processes. With the increase in oil and natural gas prices, hitherto untapped energy sources present themselves as attractive alternatives. There will be no permanent shortage of energy resources, and the current energy crisis will be a page of past history in the foreseeable …

The Cost Of Crop Residues As An Auxiliary Fuel Source For Coal-Fired Power Plants, Cameron Short, Burton C. English, Steve K. Johnson, Earl O. Heady

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Estimates are made of the costs of crop residues as an auxilary fuel to existing coal-fired power plants. Costs of crop residues include costs for foregone agronomic benefits of incorporating crop residues, and costs for harvesting transporting processing and boiler modifications. A range of cost estimates is given depending on annual demand.

Innovations In Heat Pumps, Ronald Hunter Howell, Harry J. Sauer Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The status of the residential heat pump industry is reviewed. Some potential improvements in energy efficiency, operational reliability, and initial cost are described and delineated. These possible innovations include two-speed or variable speed compressors, reliable defrost initiation and termination, improved system components, modifications to the basic thermodynamic cycle, add-on-heat pumps, solar assisted heat pumps, annual cycle energy system, chemical heat pumps, and gas fired heat pumps.

Comparison Of Stirred And Immobilized Cell Reactors For Ethanol Production, Oliver C. Sitton, J. L. Gaddy

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Biomass can be converted to sugars by hydrolysis with enzymes or mineral acids. These sugars can be converted into a number of chemical intermediates in biological reactors. Biological reactions are generally slow and selection of the most efficient reactor is important in these applications.

Immobilized cell reactors allow high cell densities and high throughput by attaching microorganisms to a fixed support. This paper compares the rate of production of ethanol from glucose by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in a packed column and a stirred reactor.

Continuous stirred reactor studies showed a washout rate of .27 hr^-1. The optimum rate of …

University Of Missouri--Rolla Wood Energy Research, Yildirim Omurtag, V. J. Flanigan, Nathan E. Welch

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The overall objective of this project is to conduct a research and development program which will lead to the early commercialization of wood gasification technology to process wood residues typical of those found in the Ozark region.

It's The Effort That Counts, Wayne L. Daniel

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper outlines the approach taken by a graphic arts company to continue operating within the confines of its non-interruptible General Service Rate for natural gas and simultaneously expand its production volume.

Volume 2, Number 10 (October 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Development Of A New Technique For The Analysis Of Pesticides In Water, Prasad K. Kadaba, Pramode K. Bhagat, Radko Osredkar, V. R. K. Murthy

KWRRI Research Reports

A Nuclear Double Resonance Spectrograph has been designed and constructed with emphasis on quadrupolar nuclei of half-integral spins. The use of a data acquisition and processing system featuring the A/D converter, signal averager with built in fast Fourier transformation hardware greatly improves the S/N ratio. The spectrograph has been used to detect certain organochlorine, carbamate and symmetrical triazine pesticides. Concentration levels that can be detected range from 15 to 100 micrograms per liter. Since the measurements are done below ice temperatures, heat-labile compounds can be detected without conversion to more suitable derivatives as in gas chromatography. Fats and oils in …

Influence Of Nitrogen Fertilization On The Quality And Quantity Of Streamflow From A Forested Watershed, George B. Coltharp, Michael T. Shearer, Everett P. Springer, Robert F. Wittwer

KWRRI Research Reports

This project was designed to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the quality and quantity of streamflow eminating from an eastern hardwood forest watershed. A 40.67 ha watershed, located in mountainous eastern Kentucky, was aerially fertilized in late April 1975. The forest stand was principally oak, hickory, and yellow poplar, 50 - 55 years of age and in a relatively undisturbed condition. A helicopter applied anunonium nitrate at a rate of 504 kg/ha. Because a large part of applied nitrogen fertilizer ends up in the highly mobile nitrate nitrogen.form, this is the principal ion monitored in this study. No …

A Proposed Revision Of Kentucky's Water Rights Legislation, Richard Ausness

KWRRI Research Reports

Kentucky's present system of water law consists of a statutory water withdrawal permit system superimposed upon a body of common-law water rights doctrine. The rights of water users are often uncertain under this system, particularly in periods of water shortage. The proposed revision of Kentucky's existing water rights legislation, would greatly reduce the significance of common-law water rights and would remedy some of the weaknesses in the present statute.

Part 1 of the proposed statute establishes an administrative structure; Part 2 deals with water withdrawal permits; Part 3 retains the present statute's provisions on the regulation of dams and impoundments, …

State Of The Fisheries Report 1977, Department Of Fisheries And Wildlife, Western Australia

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

The total value of the fisheries of Western Australia is the highest of any of the States, and the Western Australian rock lobster fishery is the most valuable single fishery in Australia.

Volume 2, Number 9 (September 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Hydrolytic And Photochemical Degradation Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, James F. Hinton

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

To keep pace with demands for increasing food supplies to satisfy the expanding world population, modern agriculture has utilized the latest scientific and technological knowledge available. Increases in crop production through the use of growth regulators, fertilizers , herbicides, and insecticides have been little short of phenomenal, and drugs, feed additives, and higher-quality grain and forage have dramatically increased livestock production. But, as is usually the case, this progress has been accompanied by problems, one of the more serious being contamination of our environment by chemicals. Only in recent years have the full effects of these pollutants on the ecological …

Water Current, Volume 10, No. 5, September/October 1978

Water Current Newsletter

President Announces New Water Policy
Research Overviews Planned
NWRC Hosts Successful Programs
Grantsmanship Training Workshop
New Staff Member
Water Resources in Nebraska
Federal Studies Investigate Ogallala Aquifer
USGS Ogallala Study
EDA Study
Bureau of Reclamation Study
Research Review: Development of a Multiobjective Screening Model for Water Resources Planning in Nebraska

The Prairie Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 3. September 1978

The Prairie Naturalist

NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION OF THREE SPECIES OF MAMMALS IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. K. Jones, Jr., J. R. Choate and R. B. Wilhelm

A MID-CONTINENT IRRUPTION OF CANADA LYNX, 1962-63 ▪ H. L. Gunderson

CHECKLIST OF NORTH DAKOTA MAMMALS (REVISED) ▪ J. M. Wiebe and J. F. Cassel

DECLINE OF YEAR-CLASS STRENGTH OF BUFFALO FISHES IN LAKE SAKAKAWEA, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ D. W. Willis and J. B. Owen

NOTE

Pileated Woodpecker Eating Russian Olive Fruits ▪ R. S. McVoy

BOOK REVIEWS

Birds of the Prairie Provinces ▪ W. J. Maher

Wildlife of the Prairies ▪ C. R. Grondahl

Distribution Patterns …

Volume 2, Number 8 (August 1978), The Otec Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Heavy Metals On Algae Populations In A South Central Reservoir, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The present investigation examines seasonal variations of algal assemblages in a south-central reservoir, Lake Fayetteville, Arkansas, in an attempt to evaluate the role of various trace metals in relation to these seasonal variations. Iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, lead and zinc concentrations were evaluated for the period of one year from March, 1976 to March, 1977 with concomitant examination of alga] assemblages. In addition to collection of this material, correlations between specific taxa and metals in the water fraction have been evaluated. A detailed literature review dealing with the role of micronutrients in various algal groups has been discussed by Rice …

The Phosphorus Dynamics Of A Eutrophic Prairie Reservoir, John F. Bender

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Computer Simulation Of Nutrients In Tampa Bay, Florida, Bernard E. Ross, Paula D. Jerkins

Reports

During the past ten years or so the pollution in Tampa Bay, Florida has been studied extensively. Legally, pollution is defined with respect to water use classifications. For each water use classification, adequate water quality standards are imposed by law to insure safety to "man, fish and wildlife and to insure that nuisances will not occur. A body of water is polluted only when it does not meet the standards set for the water use classification applied to it.

Effects Of Soil Injection Of Liquid Dairy Manure On The Quality Of Surface Runoff, I. J. Ross, S. Sizemore, J. P. Bowden, C. T. Haan

KWRRI Research Reports

Liquid dairy manure has been injected on the soil contour to depths of 6 and 12 inches and applied to the surface of a Bluegrass sod and a bare tilled soil. Application rates of 9,250 gallons per acre were used. Runoff from 9-foot-square plots which were sprinkled at rates of 2.5 inches per hour on sod and 1.5 inches per hour on bare soil was collected and analyzed for various pollution parameters including COD, N, TS, TSS, pH, DO, and Fecal Coliform. The effects of pollutant yield in the runoff have been determined for various treatments.

Injection of the manure …