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Evaluation Of Structure And Growth Of Bluegills And Black Bullheads Stocked With Largemouth Bass In South Dakota Farm Ponds, Charles E. Morris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A two-year study estimated standing stock, growth, condition, survival rates, and population structure of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and black bullheads (Ictalurus melas) stocked in South Dakota farm ponds with largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Bluegills and black bullheads reproduced during the second growing seasons and by the end of the study three year-classes of fishes were present in most ponds. Mean back-calculated bluegill total lengths at annuli 1-3 were 58, 125, and 153 mm, respectively. Mean back-calculated black bullhead total lengths at annuli 1-3 were 82, 182, and 240 mm, respectively. A significant north vs south difference (P≤0.05) in third-year bullhead …

Effectiveness Of Shelterbelts In Improving Microclimatic Conditions For Pheasants In Eastern South Dakota, Todd Matthew Schneider

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To evaluate wintering habitat for ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), this study compared microclimate regimes , as determined by wind and temperature, between shelterbelts containing 1 or 2 rows of coniferous tree species with shelterbelts comprised entirely of deciduous tree species and between wetland and shelterbelt habitats. Maximum temperatures within both shelterbelt types, particularly deciduous shelterbelts, were cooler than outside ambient air temperature during summer. Throughout November, December, and January, minimum temperatures in coniferous shelterbelts types were significantly (P≤0.04) warmer than deciduous shelterbelt types. Effectiveness of shelterbelts in reducing wind velocity decreased from an average of 71% during summer to 28% …

Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: Iii. Harvest-Price Relationships, Joseph D. Clark, Gary A. Heidt, Tina Sheldon, James H. Peck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Correlation and linear regression analyses between mean annual pelt price and total harvest of 13 Arkansas furbearer species between 1965 and 1983 were performed for state and regions (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta). Statewide, strong correlations (r > 0.80) were identified for bobcat (Felis rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), mink (Mustela vison), nutria (Myocastor coypus), opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and raccoon (Procyonlotor). Moderate correlations (r = 0.55 - 0.79) were identified for eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), river otter (Lutra canadensis), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Nonsignificant correlations (r < 0.468) were shown for beaver (Castor canadensis) and long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata). Regional differences were noted for each species.

Watershed Land Uses And Phosphorus Export Coefficient Relationships: A Planning Tool For Lake Resources Management, Carl R. Stapleton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Relationships between nonpoint source pollutant loadings and water quality degradation in lakes have been established. However, practical methodologies necessary to identify and manage nonpoint sources in accordance with lake water quality indices have been lacking. Objectives of the current study were as follows: (1) to compare predicted model values for in-lake total phosphorus (TP) concentrations with actual values; and (2) to determine the applicability of areal phosphorus loading models for lake resources management. The research site was located 19 km west of the City of Little Rock in the Lake Maumelle basin. Areal total phosphorus (TP) loadings in g m^-2yr^-1 …

Effects Of El Nino On Local Hydrography And Growth Of The Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera, At Santa Catalina Island, California, Richard C. Zimmerman, Deborah L. Robertson

OES Faculty Publications

Deepened isotherms associated with El Niño resulted in severe nutrient limitation and very low kelp productivity during the last half of 1983. Frond growth rates were so low that terminal blades formed before reaching the surface, eliminating the canopy. Frond initiation rates were also extremely low, resulting in significant reductions in mean plant size. Plants growing above 10m were more severely affected than plants at 20m. Nutrient pulses associated with internal waves are thus critical for survival of Macrocystis pyrifera in nutritionally marginal habitats in Southern California.

Lungworm Infections, Reproduction And Summer Habitat Use Of Bighorn Sheep In Custer State Park, South Dakota, Gary C. Brundige

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) were once indigenous to the Black Hills and Badlands of South Dakota. When European settlers moved into this region during the late 1800' s, market hunting, loss of habitat, and introduction of animal diseases and parasites caused the subspecies of the region, the Audubon's bighorn sheep (O. c. auduboni), to become extinct by 1916 (Buechner 1960). To reestablish bighorn sheep in the Black Hills, 8 Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (O. c. canadensis) were introduced into the former range of the Audubon's sheep in 1922. Finding the habitat to be very suitable, this small population increased to …

Efficiency Of Two Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Rodenticides And Their Impacts On Non-Target Bird Species, Anthony Dean Apa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In 1983 zinc phosphide, strychnine with prebait, and strychnine without prebait were applied to black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in west-central South Dakota. Short-term (4 days later) and long-term (1 year later) poison efficiency and impact (short-term and long-term) on horned larks (Eromophila alpestrus) and other seed-eating birds of the prairie dog colonies were evaluated. Prairie dog burrow densities ranged from 54-187 burrows/ha with an average burrow density of 114 ±8 (± SE) burrows/ha. Rodenticide short-term control reduced active burrows by 95% with zinc phosphide, 42% with only strychnine, and 78% with prebaited strychnine. More zinc phosphide was consumed …

Distribution, Temperature Selection, And Gonadal Development Of Fishes In A Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Henry R. Maddux

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The distribution, temperature selection, and gonadal development of fishes in the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir were examined from July 1982 through July 1983. A total of 46.8% of the fishes captured during this study were from the discharge area, while 31.8% and 21.4% of the fish occurred in the mixing and intake areas, respectively. The mean water temperature occupied by common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ranged from 7.5 C in February to 31.2 C in August. Black bullheads (Ictalurus melas) were generally benthic and captured in the cooler water. The mean water temperature occupied by black bullheads ranged from …

A Study Of Trihalomethane Precursors In Deer Creek Reservoir, Megan J. White, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Deer Creek Reservoir and tributaries were monitored from May to December 1983 in a study of the occurrence of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in the reservoir and nutrient dynamics of the reservoir system. Microcosms were used to study the effect of the following parameters on THM precursor production in the reservoir system: phosphorus loading, sediment, algal growth, and application of algicide. Additionally, THM precursor concentrations of interstitial water were analyzed in reservoir and microcosm sediment samples. Microcosms treated with ahigh phosphorus loading (70 ug/1) had THM precursor concentrations significantly higher than those measured in microcosms treated with a low phosphorus loading …

Development Of Design Criteria For Sensitizer Photooxidation Treatment Systems, Richard J. Watts, V. Dean Adams, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

Sensitized photooxidation is a physicochemical process that can degrade many toxic and refractory organic pollutants. A trace quantity of sensitizer added to the waste absorbs visible light; electronically excited intermediates then transfer the energy to decompose the waste. Engeineering design criteria were developed for industrial waste treatment lagoons that would use sensitized photooxidation. Design criteria were developed regarding optimum lagoon pH, optimum sensitizer concentration, depth and sizing of lagoons, dissolved oxygen requirements, and effect of temperature on photooxidation rate. Treatment of the refractory pesticides bromacil, terbacil, and fluometuron was investigated using methylene blue and riboflavin as sensitizers. Methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation …

Preliminary Identification, Analysis, And Classification Of Odor-Causing Mechanisms Influenced By Decreasing Salinity Of The Great Salt Lake, C. Earl Israelsen, Darwin L. Sorensen, Alberta J. Seierstad, Charlotte Brennard

Reports

Introduction: The rising level of the Great Salt Lake has received a great deal of attention because of the resulting physical damage to adjoining properties, threatened distruption of major transportation facilities, and environmental damage to feeding and resting areas for migratory waterfowl. Another problem of growing concern is that some zones of the lake are producing odors that are objectionable to nearby populated areas. These odors are most offensive during the warm summer months and appear to be increasing with the rising levels and decreasing salinity of the lake water. This report presents the approach taken and the findings of …

Water Education Grades K-6, Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Preface: Water Activites for Elementary Children is based upon the assumption that children learn best by doing. In education, and especilly in science, talking is not necessarily teaching. The most desireable types of learning involve direct, first hand experience, not just a teacher's interpretation of these experiences. This set of learning experiences has been designed for teachers, teachers-in-training, and children, Each concept includes background information for the teacher and learning activities for the children. Lessons are designed so taht a teacher can successfully teach a unit or lession with a minimum of knowledge, preparation, and equipmnet. Most of the suggested …

Water Well Pump Efficiency Monitor Units, Calvin G. Clyde, Duard S. Woffinden, Graeme Duncan

Reports

Indroduction: As the costs for pumping municipal, industrial and irrigation water rise, owners and the public area giving increased attention to energy conservation. One way to conserve energy is to operate water pumps at or near peak efficiency. The measurement of pump efficiency usually requires a special test equipment, a skilled operator and time to perform the test. Owners may find it more economical to waste power than to monitor for inefficiencies. One way to help change this situation is to develop inexpensive equipment for unskilled people to use to obtain rapid measurements of pump efficiency under typical operating conditions. …

Methodology Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake , David S. Bowles, L. Douglas James, D. George Chadwick, Ronald V. Canfield, Norman Stauffer

Reports

No abstract provided.

Delineation Of Landslide, Flash Flood, And Debris Flow Hazards In Utah, David S. Bowles

Reports

During 1982, 1983, and 1984, abnormally wet conditions in Utah triggered flash floods, landslides, and debris flows. Pore pressures built in hillside soils below melting snows and during prolonged periods of rainfall until the mass suddenly gave way, sometimes as a landslide and other times as a non-Newtonian debris flow that moved rapidly long distances down mountain slopes until finally stiffened by moisture loss or velocity loss because of flatter gradients. Also, runoff from heavy rainfall bursts picked up weathered and other loose material that accumulated on land surfaces over long dry periods . The sediment laden waters flowed out …

A Methodology For Estimating Instream Flow Values For Recreation, Parvaneh Amirfathi, Rangesan Narayanan, A. Bruce Bishop, Dean Larson

Reports

Water flowing in streams has value for various types of recreationists and is essential for fish and wildlife. Since water demdns for offstream uses in the arid west have been steadily increasing, increasing instream flows to enhance the recreational experience might be in conflict with established withdrawals for uses such as agriculture, industries, and households. Since market prices are not observable for instream flows, the estimation of economic value of instream flow would present well known difficulties. The household production function theory was used to build the theoretical model to measure economic value of instream flow. A representative sample of …

Optimal Configuration Of Regional Water Supply Systems (Wasopt2) , Mohamed L. Al-Eryani, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

Any water supply system can be conceptualized as consisting of three componenets--source development facilities (including treatment), transmission facilities, and a distribution network. The scope of this report is limited to the first two--the source related facilities upstream from the distribution network. In the mathematical modeling of regional rural systems, the number of variables, and hence the size of the model, increases rapidly as the number of system componenets and their alternative designs increase. Regardless of the method of solution, manual preparation of large models is cumbersome and is vulnerable to human error both in the computations of the matrix coefficients …

Identification And Modeling The Impact Of Marine Shale Bedrock On Groundwater And Stream Salinity: Upper Colorado River Basin, Christopher J. Duffy, Jerome J. Jurinak, Sanjay Sangani, Ali Azimi

Reports

Recent studies have shown that groundwater is a major contributor to stream salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The primary salt sources are the marine shales and shale residuum that underlie the soils of much of the basin. A field site in the Price River Basin, a tributary to the Green and Colorado Rivers, was selected to study the physical and chemical factors that control the interactions between groundwater and these shales. Preliminary data were available at the site as a result of a Bureau of Reclamation study conducted by CH2M Hill. On the basis of the CH2M Hill …

Problems Of Small Privately Operated Water Companies In Utah, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Although one in seven domestic water supply systems in Utah are privately owned and operated, they are characteristically small with 94 percent serving populations of less than 1,000. Per capita costs of service vary greatly but become relatively high for locations that are remote, where terrain and climate are extreme, where scale economies are absent, and where materials and skills for system repair and replacement are not locally available. Statistics indicate that the incidence of water quality violations relate strongly to system size. Yet corrections are often more difficult to achieve because well trained and full time operators cannot be …

Water Current, Volume 17, No. 1, January/February 1985

Water Current Newsletter

Director's Report
1985 Nebraska Water Conference
Water Resources Research Proposals
20-Year Report Available
Aiken Reviews 1985 Water Bills
Research Review: Evaluation of Legal and Institutional Arrangements Associated with Ground Water Allocation in the Missouri River Basin States

Water Supplies : Dams And Roaded Catchments, W J. Burdass, T. R. Negus, A. L. Prout, I. A. F. Laing

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia's Upper and Lower Great Southern statistical areas include most of the broad-scale agricultural land south of a line from Perth to Hyden. Much of the area is well-developed and carries 13.4 million sheep, 203 00 cattle and 95 000 pigs, almost half the State's livestock.

There are few natural rivers and lakes to water livestock in summer and much of the bore water is salty. On-farm waterr conservation, therefore, consits mainly of excavated earth tanks (dams) which are filled by surface runoff or shallow seepage. In the drier areas and in the sandplain roaded catchments have neen built …

Northern Wheatbelt Water Supply Study, I A F Laing, R. M. Pridham

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Department of Agriculture surveys have shown that many farms in Western australia's northern wheatbelt have inadequate water supplies. More than 80 per cent of all farms in that area depend soley on groundwater for watering livestock, a much higher percentage than for most other farming areas. Because groundwater salinities have increased in recent years, concern is held for the long-term future of this recource.

In contrast to more southern agricultural areas, farm dams in the northern wheatbelt are relatively uncommon. Only 30 per cent of the existing dams in the northern wheatbelt constitute effective water supplies. More than half of …

Preliminary Investigation For Underground Storage Of Pipeline Gas In The Bruer And Flora Pools, Mist Gas Field, Columbia County, Oregon, Paul Joseph Townley

Dissertations and Theses

Northwest Natural Gas Canpany has proposed to convert the Bruer and Flora pools of the Mist Gas Field in west-central Columbia County, Northwestern Oregon, to pipeline gas storage reservoirs. Conversion to underground storage of pipeline gas in these depleted gas reservoirs would be the first in the Pacific Northwest. The Bruer and Flora Pools are fault trapped within the Cowlitz Formation. The shales overlying the Cowlitz Formation create a local seal for these gas reservoirs. X-ray diffraction and density log measurements suggest that the clay in these shales is primarily composed of smectite, which provides an excellent caprock seal.

The …

Environmental Perception And Its Impacts On The Tourist Industry: A Case Study Of The Niagara Region, Donna Marie Senese

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The natural resources of the Niagara Region of Ontario have played an important role in the success of the tourist industry in the region. The Niagara Region has been developed on an industrial and agricultural base since the nineteenth century. Due to conflicting demands of the manufacturing, agricultural and tourism industries for aesthetic, recreational and waste disposal purposes, the physical environment has deteriorated. The research problem of this thesis is to determine the extent of the effect of this deteriorated environment upon the tourist industry in the Niagara Region.

Physical inventories of resources are not adequate in terms of evaluating …

Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: I. State And Regional Accounts, Gary A. Heidt, James H. Peck, Tiny Sheldon, Joseph D. Clark

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fur harvest records maintained by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission from 1942-1984 summarized the number of pelts sold by region (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta) and the average price per pelt for 16 furbearers. Analysis of these records showed that in the 1979-80 trapping season (the record year for both harvest and value both in Arkansas and the nation), the value of the Arkansas fur harvest ranked 14th nationally (2.12% of total national value). Fur harvests in Arkansas were high in the 1940's, declined in the 1950's and 1960's and then experienced a rapid …

Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Linear regression analysis of total gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) fur harvests from 1954-1983 in Arkansas showed a high correlation with mean pelt values (r = 0.956). Single variable models using linear regression analyses of current season's pelt values (CSPV) and previous season's pelt values (PSPV) were designed to predict fur harvests. These models demonstrated high correlations for predicting harvests (r = 0.933 and r = 0.893 respectively). Regional analyses revealed a high correlation between mean pelt values and harvest for the Ozark Mountain region (r = 0.923), Ouachita Mountain region (r = 0.971 ), and Gulf Coastal Plain (r = …

Fluctuations And Relationships Of Selected Physiochemical Parameters In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1975-1982, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Annual and seasonal fluctuations and relationships are described for discharge, turbidity, chloride, total hardness, conductivity and suspended solids over an eight-year period in Dardanelle Reservoir. The parameters fluctuated rather widely primarily in response to seasonal patterns of rainfall. Chloride and conductivity were related and generally fluctuated together as did turbidity and suspended solids. Hardness appeared to vary independently of the others prior to 1979 then varied more closely with chloride after March 1979. Inherent differences between the Illinois Bayou arm and the main Arkansas River sections complicated the precise identification of any overall impact of power plant operation. No significant …

Response Of Fishes To Revetment Placement, C. H. Pennington, S. S. Knight, M. P. Farrell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Routine fish sampling with hoop nets was conducted monthly from April through December 1978 along natural and revetted riverbanks on the lower Mississippi River near Eudora, Arkansas, to monitor changes in fish populations affected by placement of new revetment for bank protection. Eighteen species of fish were collected with four species comprising over 75% of the total catch. During the months prior to revetment placement, freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, was the most abundant (32.7% of the catch) species collected. Following in abundance were the flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, (9.8%), common carp, Cyprinus carpio, (7.8%), and blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, (3.3%). …

Lime Needs And Trends In Arkansas, Clifford S. Snyder, Stanley L. Chapman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Consumption of agricultural lime in Arkansas declined significantly during the past seven years. During each of the past four years, lime consumption was lower than any time since 1960. The quantity of lime needed for optimum crop production on Arkansas' soils is estimated to be 2,678,700 metric tons (MT) (3,000,000 tons), based on University of Arkansas soil testing summaries. Since 1980, less than 285,728 MT(320,000 tons) of lime have been used each year. It is the natural tendency for most soils in Arkansas to become more acidic with time. Periodic addition of agricultural limestone, however, can neutralize soil acidity and …

Water Education ... With Emphasis On Deer Creek Reservoir - Provo River Drainage Area (Grades 5-8), Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen, Mardell C. Parrish

Reports

Introduction: The major goals of this publication are to: * promote an awareness of the importance of water resources associated with the target watershed; * provide teachers with learning resources which are easily used in the classroom or in the field; and * provide teachers with teaching materials which help satisfy State Core Standards.