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Frontmatter And Contents Sep 1985

Frontmatter And Contents

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND EASTERN WILDILFE DAMAGE CONTROL CONFERENCE

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Dispersal Of A Heron-Egret Rookery, Douglas I. Hall Sep 1985

Dispersal Of A Heron-Egret Rookery, Douglas I. Hall

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

A rookery composed of an estimated 10,000 herons and egrets (family: Ardeidae) located in Van Buren, Crawford County, Arkansas was successfully dispersed in the Spring of 1983. A diversified scaring program was planned and initiated prior to the onset of courtship display and nest building. The roost relocation was subsequently followed by habitat alteration procedures to make the 5-acre stand of primarily Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) unattractive as a future roosting site. Although no nesting occurred at the site in 1983, the lack of an early scaring program in the Spring of 1984 resulted in the uncleared portion …

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Repellents For Rodents In Conservation-Tillage Agriculture, Ron J. Johnson Sep 1985

Repellents For Rodents In Conservation-Tillage Agriculture, Ron J. Johnson

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

In response to a need for a safe and effective method of reducing rodent damage to newly planted corn in conservation-tillage fields, too chemicals, thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) and methiocarb (3, 5-dimethyl 1-4-methylthio] phenol methylcarbamate), were coated on untreated seed corn for evaluation as repellents and agents for conditioned aversion, Results of field-enclosure and other studies indicate that 1.25% thiram by weight repels thirteen-lined ground squirrels and causes no phytotoxicity. Lower thiram rates tested (0.08, 0.4, 0.8%) were ineffective, Methiocarb rates of 2.5 and 5.0% repelled thirteen-lined ground squirrels, but these rates may significantly reduce corn stand counts under some conditions, …

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The Role Of State And Wildlife Agencies In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly Sep 1985

The Role Of State And Wildlife Agencies In Wildlife Damage Control, Charles D. Kelly

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The Alabama Game and Fish Division is responsible for the stewardship of the wildlife and fisheries resources in the state. Within this context and the cooperative efforts with other agencies that have dealings with animal damage, the Division develops, permits, approves and administers control of both game and non-game (except migratory) species of wildlife.

Animal control complaints fall into two major areas - crop damage and nuisance animals. Nuisance animals, with some exceptions, are bats, armadillos, alligators, woodpeckers, snakes, birds that roost or nest in rookeries. Squirrels, bears, rabbits are the cause of both nuisanced crop damage complaints. Deer, beaver, …

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The Role Of The Indiana Division Of Fish And Wildlife In Wildlife Damage Control, Glenn Lange Sep 1985

The Role Of The Indiana Division Of Fish And Wildlife In Wildlife Damage Control, Glenn Lange

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

As defined by state statue, the Division of Fish and Wildlife is responsible for the protection, reproduction, care, management, survival, and regulation of all wildlife populations. By law, the Division must take a leading role in solving wildlife damage problems when they occur.

In Indiana, wildlife damage or nuisance animal problems takes two forms: damage from individual birds or mammals that are in the wrong place at the wrong time (such as raccoons nesting in an attic) and damage from bird or mammal populations that have grown large enough to cause serious economic losses for agricultural, forestry, or other land …

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Assessing Deer Damage In Young Fruit Orchards, Jay B. Mcaninch, Mark R. Ellingwood, Michael J. Fargione, Peter Picone Sep 1985

Assessing Deer Damage In Young Fruit Orchards, Jay B. Mcaninch, Mark R. Ellingwood, Michael J. Fargione, Peter Picone

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Evaluations of systematic damage assessments of 5, 10 and 20 percent of all apple trees in 12 orchards were compared. The 10% assessment technique was selected as the most accurate and efficient in estimating summer and fall damage. Analysis of several parameters of tree vigor found significant differences between browsed and unbrowsed trees for tree basal diameter and central leader diameter over 2 successive years. These subtle yet important differences in tree development were felt to severely limit the possibilities of relating browsing to growth and. later, yields. Methods and considerations for making control decisions on a per acre basis …

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Role And Responsibilities Of Agencies For Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller Sep 1985

Role And Responsibilities Of Agencies For Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

"A well balanced wildlife management program includes research, the acquisition of land, the development of habitat, the careful regulation of hunting or harvest, the protection of certain species, the enforcement of laws — and — the control of animal depredations. Though necessary, this is among the least popular and most controversial of the wildlife management functions. It is, nevertheless, one of the activities which a responsible agency must undertake." This statement is a direct quote from the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies' (IAFWA) Position Paper on Animal Damage Control (1981).

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Animal Damage Control And The Endangered Species Act, Warren T. Parker Sep 1985

Animal Damage Control And The Endangered Species Act, Warren T. Parker

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The premise of the Endangered Species Act is that all wildlife are valuable natural resources and the extinction of species in the name of progress must be halted. To achieve this end, Congress requires all Federal agencies to consult with the Fish and Wildlife Service when any of their programs or projects affect a listed endangered or threatened species. Problems of special interest to this conference are those that project an endangered or threatened species indirect conflict with man.

Undoubtedly the most publicized of these conflicts has involved the threatened timber wolf and the livestock producers of northern Minnesota. This …

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Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp Sep 1985

Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine vole (M. pinetorum) are major pests in fruit orchards in the eastern U.S. These species damage trees by gnawing the bark or root systems during the winter months, thus, reducing the fruit yields or in many cases actually killing the trees. Orchard owners generally use an integrated pest management approach involving a combination of methods: (1) cultural practices such as reducing favorable vole habitat, thereby, limiting the carrying capacity, (2) mechanical control through the use of tree guards or trapping techniques, and (3) the use of rodenticides, both acute …

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Histoplasmosis And Its Impact On Blackbird/Starling Roost Management, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.J. Weeks Sep 1985

Histoplasmosis And Its Impact On Blackbird/Starling Roost Management, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.J. Weeks

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Histoplasmosis is a common and sometimes serious fungal disease that primarily affects the lungs, but can also involve other parts of the human body. The disease is characterized by 3 major forms: acute pulmonary, chronic cavitary, and disseminated histoplasmos is. Two fungicides are effective in treatment of the disease, but serious side effects often result. The occurrence of the fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, is associated with large quantities of bird and bat excreta that have come in contact with soil. Roost sites must generally be occupied by birds for at least 3 years before soil conditions are conducive to its …

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Utilizing A Computerized Fish And Wildlife Information System To Solve Animal Damage Control Problems, Jefferson L. Waldon, Charles T. Cushwa, Peter T. Bromley Sep 1985

Utilizing A Computerized Fish And Wildlife Information System To Solve Animal Damage Control Problems, Jefferson L. Waldon, Charles T. Cushwa, Peter T. Bromley

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Animal damage control professionals are faced with the monumental task of absorbing an enormous amount of literature about animal species. For example, one person cannot become an expert on all facets of dozens of species, much less the 1000 or more fish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and birds that fall under the wildlifer's jurisdiction. An important new aid to the wildlife damage control specialist is the computerized fish and wildlife information system (CFWIS). A CFWIS is a tool for systematically compiling and managing information about animal species which reside in a state. Cushwa and Kopf (1984) summarized the development of state …

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Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Beavers In North Carolina, David K. Woodward, Robert B. Hazel, Brian P. Gaffney Sep 1985

Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Beavers In North Carolina, David K. Woodward, Robert B. Hazel, Brian P. Gaffney

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1984, a postal survey of landowners and managers was conducted in North Carolina concerning the presence of beavers (Castor canadensis) on their property. Major objectives of the survey were to determine: (1) current distribution and relative abundance of beavers in North Carolina, (2) the economic and environmental impacts from an apparently increasing beaver population, and (3) landowner attitudes toward these increasing populations. Of the 1,069 questionnaires returned, data was compiled from 456 landowners (43 percent) who confirmed the presence of beaver activity on their property during 1983. A significant increase in beaver numbers and distribution has occurred …

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Relationship Between Seasonal Changes In Forage Quality And Feeding Patterns In Meadow Voles (Microtus Pennsylvanicus), Ronald J. Brooks, Stephan A. Struger Sep 1985

Relationship Between Seasonal Changes In Forage Quality And Feeding Patterns In Meadow Voles (Microtus Pennsylvanicus), Ronald J. Brooks, Stephan A. Struger

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Forage analyses revealed that mowed orchards provide a relatively high quality forage to meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), especially in the fall. Mowed forage was characterized by significantly higher protein and moisture content and significantly lower acid and neutral detergent fibre and lignin than forage from an abandoned orchard. Energy and fat were not significantly affected by mowing. However, vole numbers declined markedly in mowed regions in comparison to undisturbed areas. Voles preferred to inhabit areas with dense cover even though vegetative dieback had occurred. Voles did not exhibit any distinct preference for either cracked corn (rodenticide carrier agent) …

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Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp Sep 1985

Vole Control In The Eastern United States, Richard M. Poche, Robert Sharp

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and pine vole (M. pinetorum) are major pests in fruit orchards in the eastern U.S. These species damage trees by gnawing the bark or root systems during the winter months, thus, reducing the fruit yield, or in many cases actually killing the trees. Orchard owners generally use an integrated pest management approach involving a combination of methods: (1) cultural practices such as reducing favorable vole habitat, thereby, limiting the carrying capacity, (2) mechanical control through the use of tree guards or trapping techniques, and (3) the use of rodenticides, both acute …

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Repellents For Rodents In Conservation-Tillage Agriculture, Ron J. Johnson Sep 1985

Repellents For Rodents In Conservation-Tillage Agriculture, Ron J. Johnson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In response to a need for a safe and effective method of reducing rodent damage to newly planted corn in conservation-tillage fields, two chemicals, thiram (tetramethylthiuramdisulfide) and methiocarb (3,5-dimethy l 1-4-[methylthio] phenol methylcarbamate), were coated on untreated seed corn for evaluation as repellents and agents for conditioned aversion. Results of field-enclosure and other studies indicate that 1.25% thiram by weight repels thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) and causes no phytotoxicity. Lower thiram rates tested (0.08, 0.4, 0.8%) were ineffective. Methiocarb rates of 2.5 and 5.0% repelled thirteen-lined ground squirrels, but these rates may significantly reduce corn stand counts …

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Comparisons Of Strychnine And Zinc Phosphide In Prairie Dog Control, H. Todd Holbrook, Robert M. Timm Sep 1985

Comparisons Of Strychnine And Zinc Phosphide In Prairie Dog Control, H. Todd Holbrook, Robert M. Timm

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Efficacy and safety are primary considerations in registration and use of toxicants for vertebrate pest control. Strychnine (0.5%) and zinc phosphide (2%) are currently registered by EPA for prairie dog control, but continued registration is uncertain. Two percent zinc phosphide bait has been suspected of producing lower and more erratic results than strychnine bait. In our study in western Nebraska in fall 1984, indices based on changes in burrow activity showed no difference in efficacy (P =0.66) or variability (P= 0.7) of control for strychnine and zinc phosphide, however neither toxicant consistently gave effective control or black-tailed prairie dogs. Costs …

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Estimating Cost-Effectiveness Of Controlling Animal Damage To Conifer Seedlings, David S. Decalesta Sep 1985

Estimating Cost-Effectiveness Of Controlling Animal Damage To Conifer Seedlings, David S. Decalesta

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A model for determining the benefit-cost ratio of controlling damage by vertebrate pests to conifer seedlings requires knowledge of the amount, distribution, and duration of animal damage, reduction in damage associated with control, costs of control, methodology and value of trees at harvest. Because control costs occurring in the present must be compared with savings recovered decades later in the future, the model incorporates procedures for discounting or adjusting future monetary benefits into present net worth valuations. The model allows forest managers to evaluate a wide range of damage costs and savings accruing from use of various control techniques. The …

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Deer Damage And Damage Control In Ohio's Nurseries, Orchards, And Christmas Tree Plantings: The Grower's View, Joel D. Scott, Thomas W. Townsend Sep 1985

Deer Damage And Damage Control In Ohio's Nurseries, Orchards, And Christmas Tree Plantings: The Grower's View, Joel D. Scott, Thomas W. Townsend

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A survey of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage was conducted among growers (N = 2,236) of fruit, Christmas tree and nursery crops in Ohio; over 81% responded. Damage was reported by 43.1% of Christmas tree growers, 41.3% of orchardists and 32.5% of nurserymen. Most commonly reported by orchardists as damaged were apples (Malus spp.), by Christmas tree growers were white pines (Pinus strobus), and by nurserymen were maples (Acer spp.). Young plants (x̄ = 7.5 years) were more commonly damaged than older plants of all species. Seasonal damage was most common in …

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Public Tolerance Of A Suburban Deer Herd: Implications For Control, Daniel J. Decker, Thomas A. Gavin Sep 1985

Public Tolerance Of A Suburban Deer Herd: Implications For Control, Daniel J. Decker, Thomas A. Gavin

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Suburban deer populations have been increasing in the eastern U.S., resulting in deer-human conflicts that can not always be resolved by a traditional management approach. Professionals responsible for management of deer damage (herd control and extension education) need information on the extent and nature of deer damage in suburban situations. Attitudes of suburban residential property owners about wildlife in general and deer in particular must be identified so that control measures that are socially acceptable as well as biologically feasible can be formulated. People's tolerance of deer damage and their propensity for undertaking on-site preventive measures need to be analyzed. …

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Double-Crested Cormorant Damage To A Commercial Fishery In The Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, Scott R. Craven, Esther Lev Sep 1985

Double-Crested Cormorant Damage To A Commercial Fishery In The Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, Scott R. Craven, Esther Lev

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The endangered classification of the double-crested cormorant (DCC) in Wisconsin resulted in complete protection and significant management efforts in the 1970's. These efforts, probably coupled with reduced pesticide loads, resulted in a resurgence of Wisconsin cormorant populations from a low of 66 pairs in 1972 to 1028 pairs in 1982. The DCC was reclassified as a threatened species in 1982. This apparent success story did not take into consideration the potential negative impact of an abundant piscivorous bird. In 1978 a colony of DCC's became established on a remote rocky island in the Apostle Islands National, Lakeshore, in Lake Superior. …

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The Whooping Crane Cross-Fostering Experiment: The Role Of Animal Damage Control, Roderick C. Drewien, Stephen H. Bouffard, Desmond D. Call, Richard A. Wonacott Sep 1985

The Whooping Crane Cross-Fostering Experiment: The Role Of Animal Damage Control, Roderick C. Drewien, Stephen H. Bouffard, Desmond D. Call, Richard A. Wonacott

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Predator losses of endangered species in reintroduction programs are unacceptable because of the scarcity of the species and the major commitment of staff time and funds. When the whooping crane (Grus americana) cross-fostering experiment (experiment) at Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Grays Lake), Idaho was proposed in 1972, animal damage control (ADC) was considered unnecessary. Sandhill crane (G. canadensis tabida) nest success was high and coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were uncommon. Canids increased by the mid-1970's destroying whooping crane eggs and chicks. An ADC program initiated in 1976 …

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Commercial Wildlife Pest Control Permits An Alternative Approach, Gerard W. Wendt Sep 1985

Commercial Wildlife Pest Control Permits An Alternative Approach, Gerard W. Wendt

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

No abstract provided.

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State Funded Wildlife Damage Programs: The Wisconsin Experience, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Scott R. Craven Sep 1985

State Funded Wildlife Damage Programs: The Wisconsin Experience, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Scott R. Craven

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wisconsin has a long tradition of involvement with wildlife damage and wildlife damage programs. It is one of less than a dozen states that presently has a program for wildlife damage. From 1931 to 1980, Wisconsin paid landowners for damage to crops caused by wildlife. Now the focus of Wisconsin's wildlife damage program is on damage control and prevention through appropriate abatement techniques and wildlife population control. This paper will detail Wisconsin's experience with these approaches and will offer insight into improving state funded wildlife damage programs.

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Management Of Nuisance Canada Goose Flocks, Michael R. Conover Sep 1985

Management Of Nuisance Canada Goose Flocks, Michael R. Conover

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

In recent years, non-migratory flocks of Canada Geese have become established in some urban and suburban areas. These birds often become a serious nuisance when they litter backyards, parks and beaches with fecal material, creating a potential health hazard especially for young children. To determine the scope of the problem, I surveyed golf course managers in the eastern U.S. to see if they were experiencing a problem with geese. This survey showed that this problem was widespread, occurring throughout the eastern U.S., and appeared to be increasing. Twenty-six percent of all respondents reported nuisance goose problems and were willing to …

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Preparation And Analysis Of Alternative 4-Ap Baits For Blackbirds, J.E. Davis Sep 1985

Preparation And Analysis Of Alternative 4-Ap Baits For Blackbirds, J.E. Davis

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) acceptance of corn as a bait for use in ripening sunflower has been questioned. This study demonstrated that sunflower meats, sunflower achenes, and pearled barley all have potential as alternative bait carriers for 4-AP. Each can be treated with 4-AP so that individual bait particles carry dosages equivalent to those of cracked corn in the registered product, Avitrol FC Corn Chops 99S. Treated baits produced a distress response in redwings in times ranging from 21.7 min (sunflower meats) to 64.5 min (sunflower achenes). The time to distress elicited by sunflower meats coated with 4-AP …

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Double-Crested Cormorant Damage To A Commercial Fishery In The Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, Scott R. Craven, Esther Lev Sep 1985

Double-Crested Cormorant Damage To A Commercial Fishery In The Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, Scott R. Craven, Esther Lev

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The endangered classification of the double-crested cormorant (DCC) in Wisconsin resulted in complete protection and significant management efforts in the 1970's., These efforts, probably coupled with reduced pesticide loads, resulted in a resurgence of Wisconsin cormorant populations from a low of 66 pairs in 1972 to 1028 pairs in 1982» The DCC was reclassified as a threatened species in 1982. This apparent success story did not take into consideration the potential negative impact of an abundant piscivorous bird. In 1978 a colony of DCC's became established on a remote rocky island in the Apostle Islands National, Lakeshore, in Lake Superior. …

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Management Implications Derived From Bird Damage Assessments In North Dakota Sunflower, Joseph L. Guarino, John L. Cummings Sep 1985

Management Implications Derived From Bird Damage Assessments In North Dakota Sunflower, Joseph L. Guarino, John L. Cummings

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

The most recent estimate of blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota in 1980 exceeded $6 million. Although less than 5% of the sunflower fields in the state received greater than 10% damage in each of four past survey years, as much as 50% of the total state-wide damage occurred in these fields. This loss can be combated with cost-effective control- Successful control requires timely action when blackbirds are in large concentrations. Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage season disperses damage and this can result in compensatory growth by sunflower, whereby yields at …

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Closing Remarks, F. Eugene Hester Sep 1985

Closing Remarks, F. Eugene Hester

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

I am glad to be here to present the closing remarks before such a group of professionals who represent the many agencies and individuals who daily perform the delicate task of resolving animal damage conflicts. The segment of wildlife management that you represent is perhaps the most difficult to accomplish in view of existing public opinion and involvement.

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Minimum Effective Level Of Methiocarb For Protecting Sprouting Rice In Louisiana From Blackbird Damage, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, A. Wilson, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gutknecht Sep 1985

Minimum Effective Level Of Methiocarb For Protecting Sprouting Rice In Louisiana From Blackbird Damage, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, A. Wilson, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gutknecht

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

Blackbirds cause locally serious losses to rice. The Denver Wildlife Research Center, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center have been cooperating in tests to determine the efficacy of methiocarb seed treatments for protecting sprouting rice in Louisiana from blackbird damage. Results from four field tests (1980, 1982, 1983, and 1984) have shown that methiocarb provides good protection when applied to rice seed at the rate of 2.4 g and 1.25 g active ingredient (a.i.)/kg of rice seed (0.25 and 0.125%). Seed treated at 0.6 g a.i./kg appeared to be susceptible …

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Removal Of Nesting Starlings With Drc-1339, Douglas I. Hall Sep 1985

Removal Of Nesting Starlings With Drc-1339, Douglas I. Hall

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 2nd (1985)

DRC-1339-treated crickets (Gryllus sp.) were utilized in an attempt to remove starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) nesting and rearing young in the aircraft hangars at the Little Rock Air Center, Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas. Bait ratio of 1 treated to 5 untreated crickets was used. They were placed under airport night lights where foraging birds naturally gathered to feed on insects attracted to these lights. Adult starlings consumed the crickets as well as fed them to their young. Lethal control was achieved on both age classes of bird. Field test results show promise for the development of a …

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