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The Effects Of Three Rodenticides On Nontarget Small Mammals And Invertebrates, Michele S. Deisch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mortality of non-target small mammals and invertebrates using 3 rodenticide treatments (pre-baited zinc phosphide, pre-baited strychnine, and strychnine alone) was evaluated in western South Dakota. Rodenticides were applied September 22-24, 1983 on 15 black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns. Immediate (September 1983) and long-term (September 1983 through August 1984) rodenticide efficacy and impacts on non-target wildlife species were evaluated. None of the 3 rodenticide treatments produced significant ( a < 0.10) immediate impacts on deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) relative densities. Increases of deer mice densities occurred in 1984 on sites that had been treated with the 2 strychnine treatments. These long-term increases in deer mice densities were due to habitat change associated with the absence of prairie dogs. Overall, comparisons among the 3 rodenticides for efficacy indicated that zinc phosphide reduced deer mice densities greater than either strychnine treatment. Seven invertebrate taxa were evaluated. Immediate and long-term effects of the 3 rodenticide treatments occurred when significant differences in invertebrate densities were found between control and treated sites. Spider mites (Acarina) and crickets (Orthoptera) were not affected by the 3 rodenticides. Immediate impacts of zinc phosphide occurred on ant (Hymenoptera) densities and long-term impacts were found in August 1984. Strychnine alone immediately reduced wolf spiders (Araneae) 13% in September 1983 and densities increased on treated sites as compared to control sites in June 1984. Densities of darkling beetles (Coleoptera) in September were significantly reduced with zinc phosphide. Ground beetle and dung beetle (Coleoptera) densities were not immediately reduced by the rodenticides in September. Generally, the few long-term changes in invertebrate densities are attributed to biotic and abiotic factors. Changes in vegetation structure due to prairie dog control may have affected invertebrate densities. Comparisons among rodenticides for efficacy indicated that zinc phosphide immediately reduced densities of ants and darkling beetles greater than either strychnine treatment. None of the other rodenticide comparisons showed significant differences in immediate reductions of non-target invertebrates in September 1983.

A Turkey Nesting Study In Gregory County, South Dakota, Tara L. Wertz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nest site vegetation characteristics and selection by wild turkey hens in Gregory County, South Dakota were examined during 1984 and 1985. A total of 23 adult and 12 juvenile hens were monitored during the study. Average adult nesting rate was 42% (31% in 1984 and 54% in 1985). No juveniles nested either year. Nesting success in 1984 and 1985 was 80% and 0%, respectively. Data was collected from 8 woodland and 5 grassland nests. Nest initiation dates ranged from 20 April to 13 June. Nest sites were chosen in locations having overhanging vegetation within 1 m above the nest bowl. …

An Ecological Study Of Mourning Doves In A Cold Desert Ecosystem On The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Frank P. Howe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) use of and movements around man-made ponds, as well as dove nesting ecology, were studied from 1983 through 1985 on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). Relative dove use was higher (P < 0.01) on some ponds than others, and multiple regression revealed a positive association (R 2 = 0.49) between relative use and the geographic isolation of ponds. Two peaks in diurnal pond use were exhibited by doves on the INEL: the mourning peak began around 0800 and lasted until approximately 1300, and the evening peak began at about 2030 and ended by 2150. Seasonal pond use fluctuated slightly through the summer then dropped rapidly in early September. Average and average maximum movements indicated that the 41 mourning doves trapped and fitted with radio-transmitters at the Test Reactor Area (TRA) and the Naval Research Facility (NRF) did not move off of the INEL on a regular basis. The average distance from mourning dove locations to TRA and NRF was <2.0 km, and the average maximum dove location was <3.5 km from either facility. Average (<2.0 km) and average maximum (<3.5 km) distances were also measured from dove locations to watering sites. Doves captured at both TRA and NRF moved, on average, 1.5 km from their nests; the average maximum distance from a dove's location to its nest was 2.8 and 5.4 km for doves caught at TRA and NRF. The average maximum distance between any 2 locations (for the same individual) at both TRA and NRF was <4.0 km. Mourning doves on the INEL are primarily ground nesters. Nesting success averaged 68% per year, with 1.8 fledglings produced per successful nest. Nesting densities averaged 0.02 nests/ha during the study. Three peaks in hatching occurred on the INEL: 1 during the fourth week of June, another during the third week of July, and a third during the first and second weeks of August. Annual production estimates for the INEL ranged from 11,300 to 17,000 doves, based on a model using 2 and 3 nesting attempts per summer. No differences (P > 0.05) were indicated in the percent coverage of shrubs, grasses, forbs, and bare ground, as measured with the line-intercept method, in the 5-m area surrounding dove nests and paired random sites. However, a difference in the percentage of grass cover and bare ground, as measured with a point-frame, was indicated in the 1-m2 (microhabitat) centered on the nest or random site; nest sites contained …

Pheasant Nesting And Vegetation Development In Dense Nesting Cover Established Under The South Dakota Pheasant Restoration Program, Emmett J. Keyser Iii

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) nest use of dense nesting cover (DNC) established under the Pheasant Restoration Program was evaluated in Beadle, Codington, Tripp, and Walworth Counties in South Dakota from 1978 to 1981. Nest densities and success in DNC plots were compared to those found in roadsides and privately owned alfalfa (Medicago sativa) fields, pastures, and small grain fields. Vegetation density and cover development were monitored on DNC plots. Nest densities were generally greatest in DNC plots followed by roadsides and alfalfa fields. Pastures and small grain fields contained the lowest nest densities. No relationship was detected between nest success and …

Seal Development And Infiltration As Affected By Rainfall Kinetic Energy, Deah Abed Mahamad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The infiltration of water into soil has been studied for more than 50 years. Much of the effort has concentrated on obtaining infiltration rate measurements for different soils and on developing equations which describe the resulting data. A portion of the infiltration literature has dealt with the large affect that the development of a surface seal has had on the resulting infiltration measurement of a soil. This surface seal may be more significant in determining the infiltration characteristics of a soil than any other single or perhaps combination of factors. Surface seal development has been linked to both rainfall energy …

Factors Affecting Anion Movement And Retention In Four Forest Soils, D. W. Johnson, D. W. Cole, H. Van Miegroet, F. W. Horng

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three hypotheses concerning the movement and retention of anions in forest soils were tested in a series of laboratory and field studies on two Tennessee Ultisols with mixed deciduous forest cover and two Washington Inceptisols, one with deciduous (red alder Alnus rubra Bong.) and one with coniferous [Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] forest cover. The first hypothesis, that sulfate and phosphate retention was related to adsorption to free Fe and Al oxides, which were in turn related to soil parent material and degree of weathering, was not supported by results of laboratory and field studies. The young, relatively unweathered Washington …

Growth, Survival, And Reproductive Success Of Largemouth Bass Stocked With Selected Forage Fishes In South Dakota Ponds, R. Dean Beck

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five fish stocking combinations were evaluated to determine effects of forage availability and geographic location on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) growth, survival, and reproductive success two and three years following stocking. Four forage species stocked with largemouth bass included bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), black bullheads (Ictalurus melas), golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). A largemouth bass only stocking strategy was also evaluated. Largemouth bass survival two years after stocking in eastern South Dakota ponds averaged 26.5%. Largemouth bass only and largemouth bass-bluegill combinations exhibited the greatest survival rates (31.6% and 28.8%, respectively), while the largemouth bass-black bullhead combination …

Dynamics And Distribution Of Fishes Occupying A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Timothy R. Walters

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Distribution, population number, growth rate, and reproductive activities of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) were studied to evaluate the potential of the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir as a source of walleye brood stock. In addition, dynamics and distribution of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and orangespotted sunfish (L. humilis) were examined. Walleye grew well, reaching a weighted mean total length of 271 mm at formation of annulus I. Survival of walleye was poor, with population estimates of 41 and 43 fish in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Low sample size precluded analysis of distribution, but no consistent preference for an area of …

Influence Of Geomorphological Origin Upon Macroinvertebrate Community Structure In Black Hills Streams, Matthew Lechner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test a stream classification system proposed for the Black Hills National Forest. Stream physiochemical characteristics and macroinvertebrate community structure were compared among three geomorphically distinct landtype associations in the Black Hills. Stepwise disciminant analysis identified five physiochemical variables, which explained 90% of the variability among landtype associations. The classificatory discriminant procedure correctly reclassified 47 of 52 stations based on the five discriminating invertebrate taxa. Each landtype association was sufficiently different in stream physiochemical characteristics to permit classification. Macroinvertebrates exhibited distributional patterns related to changes in geomorphic structure and stream order, among landtype associations. …

Water Quality Management Studies For Water Resources Development In The Bear River Basin, Darwin L. Sorensen, Craig Caupp, William J. Grenney, Steve Eberl, Jay J. Messer, Phillip Ludvigsen, Charles W. Ariss

Reports

Summary: The quality of water that develops in the proposed reservoirs of the Upper Bear River Storage Project will determine the possible uses of the water. Previous studies of water quality in the Bear River and its tributaries have reported water quality problems relating to nitrate ion, sanitary indicator bacteria, suspended solids, and phosphorus concentrations. Most point sources of water pollution inthe basin have been eliminated or improved in quality, but nonpoint sources of pollution continue to degrade the quality of the Bear River. Concentrations of phosphours have been sufficiently high to encourage dense algal growth and create eutrophic conditions …

Feasibility Of Incorporating Aquaculture, Solar Pond Energy, And Mineral Extraction Technologies To Control Localized Sources Of Salinity In River Systems, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Salinity poses a serious and continuing problem to the full utilization of water resources in many river basins of western U.S. A variety of management measures have been employed to mitigate the damaging effects of salinity on agricultural crops as well as on municipal and industrial uses of water. The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act illustrates the logic of addressing the problem on a basin wide basis under a strategy that give priority to those localized sources of salinity that contribute disproportionately large amounts of salt to the system. It remains then to devise control measures specific to each …

National Surface Water Survey: National Stream Survey Phase I--Pilot Survey, J. J. Messer, C. W. Ariss, R. Baker, S. K. Drouse, K. N. Eshleman, P. R. Kaufmann, R. A. Linthurst, J. M. Omernik, W. S. Overton, M. J. Sale, R. D. Schonbrod, S. M. Stambaugh, J. R. Tuschall Jr.

Reports

No abstract provided.

Water Quality Management In Utah Mountain Watersheds, Keith R. Kimball, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

What Quality Management in Utah Mountain Streams: Several years of thorough monitoring of water quality parameters in Little Cottonwood Creek in Salt Lake County, Utah, measured the natural levels of the major water constituents, spotted significant (largely nonpoint) pollution sources, identified the pollutants deserving primary attention, and suggested the approaches to land and water management for pollution control in a mountain watershed used primarily for recreation purposes. Bacterial pollution is greater at night than during the day, on weekends than on week days, and in the summer than in the winter. Mineral content is of natural origin and largely explained …

Catastrophic Damage From Dam Break Floods, L. Douglas Jemes, Al-Hassan Sumani, Melanie L. Bengston

Reports

No abstract provided.

Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah Center For Water Resources Research, A Program Overview, L. Douglas James, Donna H. Falkenborg

Reports

Organization of Prepared Material: This overview presents the water resources research program administered through the Utah Water Research Laboratory and the Utah Center for Water Resources Reserach. The document is prepared for an internal review by a faculty team organized by the Administration of Utah State university and an external review by a team organized by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a national effort to evaluate the water research centers in every state over a 2-year period. These materials are prepared to stimulate discussion and spark innocative ideas for building an even stronger program. The UWRL/UCWRR administration sees …

Evaluation Of Volatilization Of Hazardous Constituents At Hazardous Waste Land Treatment Sites, R. Ryan Dupont, J. A. Reineman

Reports

The magnitude and extent of volatile organic emissions from hazardous waste land treatment systems were evaluated in laboratory and field studies using complex petroleum refining hazardous wastes. Laboratory experiments were conducted using two soils and a intert construction sand to investigate the emission flux rates of seven volatile constituents, i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, o-xylene, and naphthalene, from API Separatory Sludge and Slop Oil Emulsion Solids wastes in column and flask laboratory units as a function of waste application rate, application method (surface versus subsurface), soil type and soil physical characteristics. Field experiemtns were conducted at an active petroleum …

Expected Effects Of In-Lake Dikes On Water Levels And Quality In The Farmington Bay And The East Shore Areas Of The Great Salt Lake, Utah (Executive Summary), Duane G. Chadwick, J. Paul Riley, Alberta J. Seierstad, Darwin L. Sorensen, Norman E. Stauffer

Reports

Introduction: The Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake and as such is one of the major inland bodies of salt water in the world, and the largest lake of brine in the western hemisphere. Its unique features, including its mineral rich waters and interesting shores and islands, make it appealing to both industry and vacationers. Until recently, some of the great waterfowl sanctuaries in the U.S. existed along the easterly and northerly shores of the lake. However, during the past three years record breaking inflow volumes and lower than normal evaporation rates have caused an unprecidented rate of rise …

Expected Effects Of In-Lake Dikes On Water Levels And Quality In The Farmington Bay And The East Shore Areas Of The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Duane G. Chadwick, J. Paul Riley, Alberta J. Seierstad, Darwin L. Sorensen, Norman E. Stauffer

Reports

Introduction: The Great Salt Lake is a terminal lake and as such is one of the major inland bodies of salt water in the world, and the largest lake of brine in the western hemisphere. Its unique features, including its mineral rich waters and interesting shores and islands, make it appealing to both industry and vacationers. Until recently, some of the great waterfowl sanctuaries in the U.S. existed along the easterly and northerly shores of the lake. However, during the past three years record breaking inflow volumes and lower than normal evaporation rates have caused an unprecidented rate of rise …

Appendices: Water Quality Management In Utah Mountain Watersheds, Keith R. Kimball, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Geographer's Response To The 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Robert Bixby

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Citizen Participation In Siting A High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility, Barbara J. Johnson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

In order to have a successful radioactive waste management and disposal program, the federal government must build public confidence and trust in the siting process (1). To do this three requirements must be met: 1) the program must be technically feasible; 2) the program must be politically palatable; and 3) the program must be societally acceptable.

Citizen participation is necessary to ensure that a radioactive waste management program is accepted by society and is politically feasible. Citizen involvement indirectly impacts technical feasibility by addressing the ethical and moral implications of nuclear waste disposal, thus helping to establish the parameters of …

An Assessment Of Hybrid Poplar Biomass Plantations For Ontario, Peter Caleb Sturrup

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The search for an alternative to oil dominated political and economic thinking during the 1970’s and continues in this decade. In Ontario, one such alternative is methanol, which could possibly be supplied in large quantities from hybrid poplar biomass plantations. While the nature of these plantations has been debated at greath length, the exact quantity and location of land that could be available for plantations in Ontario has not been identified.

Using the Land Evaluation Model (LEM 2) developed at the University of Guelph an inventory of the land resources and the resulting land use patterns is determined. Throughout the …

Penetrating Ionizing Radiation Levels Observed In The Lower Arkansas And White River Valleys Of Arkansas, C. E. Epperson, S. Meiners, D. Swindle

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Environmental levels of penetrating ionizing radiation were measured in the lower Arkansas and White River valleys of Arkansas. Measurements of environmental gamma and cosmic rays were made using a portable high pressure ionization chamber. The surveyed area encompassed a large coal-fired industrial plant. Observed exposure rates ranged from 5.9 microRoentgens per hour (μR/h) to 13.4 μR/h. The average exposure rate for the region was 8.8 μR/h. This value corresponds to 77 millirem (mrem) or 0.77 milliSieverts (mSv) per year. In comparison, a prior state-wide survey reported an average dose equivalent rate of 78.2 mrem (0.782 mSv) per year in Arkansas.

Interspecific Correlations Of Harvest And Price For Arkansas Furbearers: A Cautionary Note, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt, Anita J. Giggleman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Shire Of Wanneroo : A Study Of Land Resources And Planning Considerations, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, M R. Wells, A J. Clarke

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Reconnaissance Bathymetry Of Basins Occupied By Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, Nevada And California, Larry Benson, M. D. Mifflin

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Beginning about 12,500 years B.P., Lake Lahontan began to decline (fig. 1: Black Rock Desert data from Davis [1983]; Truckee River Delta data from Born [1972]; tufa data from Benson [1981]; packrat-midden data from Thompson and others [1985]) . As water levels declined, their altitudes fell below sill altitudes (table 1); locations of these sills are shown in figure 2. Today, five surface-water bodies (Black Rock Playa, Humboldt-Carson Sink, Walker Lake, Pyramid Lake, Honey Lake) exist in four of the seven subbasins (fig. 2).

The collective surface area of the modern lakes today (1985) totals less than 1,600 km2 . …

Characteristics And Use Of Wild Turkey Roost Sites In Southcentral South Dakota, Randall Allen Craft

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ten radio-tagged wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)were monitored to document roost site use and bird movements in the Missouri River breaks complex of southcentral South Dakota during the summer of 1984. Distances between roost sites used by wild turkeys ranged from 0.55 km to 3.09 km. Primary and secondary roost sites were identified. Turkeys used one primary roost site consistently every night during periods ranging from a few days to 2 months, then moved to other primary roost sites. Secondary roost sites were used inconsistently by only a few birds that occupied the roost one night, and did not return on …

Analysis Of The Charleston, Illinois Water Supply For The Presence Of Organic Mutagens Utilizing The Ames Salmonella/Microsome Assay, Steven Lee Washburn

Masters Theses

Water samples from the Charleston, Illinois water supply and selected agricultural run-off areas were tested for the presence of organic mutagenic chemicals. The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay utilizing strains TA98 and TA100 was used to analyze concentrated water samples. A special set of samples was exposed to the S9 activation system coupled with the TA98 strain to simulate the mammalian metabolic system.

No mutagens were detected in any of the samples tested. Several positive and negative control systems were included in the testing system. Negative control systems were used to determine the average spontaneous reversion rates for each strain for …

Economic Evaluation Of Conservation Concepts For Municipal Water Systems, Trevor C. Hughes, Rangesan Narayanan, Mac Mckee, A. Bruce Bishop, Robert Leconte, Sumani Al-Hassan

Reports

Five concepts for conservation of municipal water supply are analyzed from an economic efficiency perspectice. They include: 1) seasonal pricing (for reduction of peak period water use), 2) dual water systems (separate high quality drinking water and untreated outdoor irrigation systems), 3) imported water transmission facility capacity optimization, 4) flow restricting devices, and 5) short-term rationing concepts. Optimization models, including generalized model generators, were developed for analysis of the first three concepts and demonstrated by applications to cities in Utah. The flow restricting device and short-term rationsing concept analyses applied approaches taken from the literature to example sites in Utah. …

Hydrocarbon Levels In Tampa Bay Final Report, Larry J. Doyle, Edward S. Van Vleet, William M. Sackett, Norman J. Blake, Gregg R. Brooks

Reports

The primary purpose of this project was to establish and characterize, as far as possible, hydrocarbon base levels for the Tampa Bay Estuary. In addition, we were to characterize 1) hydrocarbon molecular compositions, 2) the isotopic composition of total and lipid sediment organic carbon, and 3) evaluate the potential for utilizing isotopic analyses to quantify and determine the extent of future oil spills.