Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Environmental Sciences

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 46921 - 46950 of 52475

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Urban Gray Squirrel Damage And Population Management: A Case History, J. Hadidian, D. Manski, V. Flyger, C. Cox, G. Hodge Oct 1987

Urban Gray Squirrel Damage And Population Management: A Case History, J. Hadidian, D. Manski, V. Flyger, C. Cox, G. Hodge

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Lafayette Park, a 3.0 hectare national park located across the street from the White House in Washington D.C., has had a gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) density as high as 50 animals/hectare. In recent years this large population caused significant damage to mature trees and other vegetation. In keeping with the legislative mandate to protect and preserve the historic landscape in Lafayette Park, the National Park Service implemented a squirrel management program following an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. The population was studied and monitored to determine the ecological bases for high squirrel numbers. Action was taken through a …

Go to article

Fox Squirrels Cause Power Outages: An Urban Wildlife Problem, J.C. Hamilton, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Case, M. W. Riley, W. W. Stroup Oct 1987

Fox Squirrels Cause Power Outages: An Urban Wildlife Problem, J.C. Hamilton, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Case, M. W. Riley, W. W. Stroup

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

In urban areas, power outages are caused each year by fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) that use electrical power equipment as travel lanes, rest sites, or for other activities. When a squirrel crosses a live bare wire on a transformer, the result is a blown fuse and electrocution of the squirrel. Power company outage reports were examined to determine when and where squirrel-caused outages occurred. Sixteen field sites in Lincoln were selected for study. Eight sites encircled transformers with ≥4 squirrel-caused outages, 1980-1985, and eight were adjacent control sites with no such outages. Squirrel behavior in relation to power …

Go to article

Distribution And Impact Of Canada Goose Crop Damage In East-Central Wisconsin, James Heinrich, Scott Craven Oct 1987

Distribution And Impact Of Canada Goose Crop Damage In East-Central Wisconsin, James Heinrich, Scott Craven

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The steady increase in the numbers of Canada geese on or near Horicon National Wildlife Refuge since its establishment in the early 1940s has resulted in many opportunities, and a few difficult problems. The problem of crop depredations has plagued the Horicon area since the mid-1960s. Each increase in goose numbers has brought with it renewed farmer concern, and each incident has resulted in some change in goose management direction. Increasing problems, more geese, lower harvest quotas, and the new Wisconsin Wildlife Damage Program combined to encourage the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) to take a comprehensive look at …

Go to article

Catch Effectiveness And Selectivity Of Several Traps, Edward P. Hill Oct 1987

Catch Effectiveness And Selectivity Of Several Traps, Edward P. Hill

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The effectiveness and selectivity of several traps and trap Modifications were field-evaluated and compared in Alabama from 1977 to 19B0. No. 220 Conibear traps placed in baited open-end boxes (TB) on the ground posed a hazard to dogs and were not recommended for general use in terrestrial sets. They may be effective to control feral dogs in special situations or areas. TB devices attached to tree trunks 1 m above the ground eliminated the hazard to dogs, but rendered the trap ineffective for taking small mammals.

No. 220 Conibear traps with selective position treadle triggers placed in trail water-sets were …

Go to article

Status Of The Coyote In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill Oct 1987

Status Of The Coyote In The Southeastern United States, Edward P. Hill

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The range of the coyote (Canis latrans) in the southeastern United States, particularly east of the Mississippi River, has recently expanded. Although populations were present in Arkansas and Louisiana in the 1960s, only isolated individuals were known to exist east of the river before 1975. In addition to Arkansas and Louisiana, the present range includes Mississippi and Alabama, the western three fourths of Kentucky and Tennessee, Northwestern Florida, south-central and northwest Georgia and scattered portions of Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Peninsular Florida. Recent literature indicates that several releases have influenced the rate of …

Go to article

Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii Oct 1987

Great-Tailed Grackle Predation On South Texas Citrus (Identifying A Unique Problem), John Hobbs, Fred G. Leon Iii

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The December 1983 freeze inflicted tremendous damage to the South Texas groves and reduced tree by approximately fifty Additionally, it is believed that Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) populations increased over the past few years. With decreased citrus acreage and increased grackle numbers, the severe negative effects are economically significant to the Texas citrus industry.

Grackle damage to grapefruit and oranges differs in type and economic importance. The first is "cosmetic" in nature, small pecks or scratches on the fruit skin, and downgrades the fruit, reducing its value. The second is actual crop loss due to consumption of fruit …

Go to article

An Evaluation Of Controlled Hunting For Management Of Feral Pigeons, Michael D. Hoy, Albert E. Bivings Oct 1987

An Evaluation Of Controlled Hunting For Management Of Feral Pigeons, Michael D. Hoy, Albert E. Bivings

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Pigeons (Columba livia) are a problem for municipal governments throughout most of the eastern United States. Toxicants, sterilants, trapping, and shooting are the principal control techniques. Due to a general public aversion to toxicants and to monetary constraints, a pigeon control program which utilized periodic hunting pressure was initiated in Stuttgart, Arkansas County, Arkansas. Guidelines for organization of controlled hunts are presented along with pigeon harvest rates and population trends. The city government and interested citizens consider the program to be successful and cost effective.

Go to article

Home Range Responses Of White-Tailed Deer To Crop-Protection Fences, S.E. Hygnstrom, S.R. Craven Oct 1987

Home Range Responses Of White-Tailed Deer To Crop-Protection Fences, S.E. Hygnstrom, S.R. Craven

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We studied the home ranges and activity patterns of 24 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southwestern Wisconsin via radio-telemetry and visual observation to determine their response to single-strand electric crop-protection fences. Deer were allowed to establish feeding patterns in alfalfa fields during the spring green-up periods of 1986 and 1987. In mid-April of each year, 7 fences were constructed around selected 7-25 ha alfalfa fields to exclude deer from varying portions of their home ranges. No fences were constructed around alfalfa fields in one area. Fences were built around 50 and 100% of the alfalfa in 2 other areas. Deer …

Go to article

Wildlife Damage To Agriculture In Nebraska: A Preliminary Cost Assessment, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Timm Oct 1987

Wildlife Damage To Agriculture In Nebraska: A Preliminary Cost Assessment, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Timm

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We estimate the annual financial losses resulting from wildlife damage to major crops and livestock in Nebraska. For each wildlife species, the damage problem is presented along with a description of how the estimate was made. Field crop estimates include losses from Plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius), commensal rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus), field rodents in grain fields (e.g. Peromyscus maniculatus, Dipodomys ordi, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), house sparrows (Passer domesticus), blackbirds (e.g. Agelaius phoeniceus and Quiscalus quiscula), lagomorphs (Sylvilaqus floridanus, Lepus californicus, and L. townsendii), deer …

Go to article

Coyote Damage In The Southeastern United States, Edwin J. Jones Oct 1987

Coyote Damage In The Southeastern United States, Edwin J. Jones

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

County agricultural agents in all 82 counties of Mississippi and Extension Wildlife Specialists in the other 10 southeastern states were asked to respond to a short questionnaire on coyote damage in their respective county or state. The questionnaire requested the respondents to: 1) indicate if the number of coyote reports have increased, decreased, or remained stable over the last 5 years, 2) indicate the number of reports they were aware of in the last year, 3) report the type of damage and the associated economic loss, 4) estimate the economic loss over the last 5 years, and 5) provide any …

Go to article

Taxonomic Status Of Wild Canids In The Southeastern United States, Michael L. Kennedy Oct 1987

Taxonomic Status Of Wild Canids In The Southeastern United States, Michael L. Kennedy

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

In the last 20 years (especially during the last decade), reports of coyote-like wild canids have increased steadily in the southeastern United States. These canids have apparently become well established in many parts of the Southeast. Taxonomically, the coyote-like animal could represent coyote (Canis latrans), red wolf (C. rufus), gray wolf (C. lupus), domestic dog (C. familaris), or hybrids of these taxa. There has been wide speculation (especially among the general public) in some areas as to the taxonomic status of wild canids. General references to wild "coy-dogs" (coyote x domestic dog …

Go to article

Drc-6749--An Avian Wetting Agent Of Low Aquatic Toxicity, P.W. Lefebvre, T.D. Bills, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.E. Matteson, L.L. Marking Oct 1987

Drc-6749--An Avian Wetting Agent Of Low Aquatic Toxicity, P.W. Lefebvre, T.D. Bills, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.E. Matteson, L.L. Marking

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

PA-14, the compound presently registered for lethal control of blackbirds and starlings at roosts, is labelled for use only at upland sites. Research was undertaken to identify another wetting agent which might be registered for use at aquatic sites. Of 90 samples received from suppliers, 60 were evaluated for wetting ability in a standard laboratory test. Of these, 10 were chosen for test against an aquatic indicator animal, Daphnia. One of the 10, DRC-6749, a block copolymer, was found significantly low in toxicity, and underwent further aquatic testing against 6 fish and 1 mussel species. Under standard test conditions, no …

Go to article

Use Of Soybean Fields In Eastern Virginia By White-Tailed Deer, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon Oct 1987

Use Of Soybean Fields In Eastern Virginia By White-Tailed Deer, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of soybean fields in Virginia was observed during the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons. Total deer observed and deer seen per observer-hour were both greater in 1983 (199 and 2.1, respectively) than in 1984 (122 and 1.8, respectively). The number of deer seen per observer-hour was related to crop phenology; it was highest during the early vegetative stages and decreased when the soybean plants entered reproductive growth stages. Most (90%) deer were sighted within 50 m of edge cover. In both years, the number of adult does seen was about 3 times the …

Go to article

A State-Administered User-Pay Program For Nuisance Wildlife Control, Dale W. May Oct 1987

A State-Administered User-Pay Program For Nuisance Wildlife Control, Dale W. May

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

In recent years Connecticut, like many other northeastern states, has experienced dramatic suburban encroachment into woodland and farmland areas. The expansion of human population and the accompanying habitat alteration have resulted in a substantial increase in the frequency of wildlife/human conflicts. The Department of Environmental Protection's Wildlife Bureau, mandated to respond to the needs of the people as well as the wildlife of Connecticut, is the state agency given the responsibility of controlling nuisance wildlife problems. Although the Wildlife Bureau provides free technical assistance and educational material, in many cases landowners are either unwilling or unable to resolve nuisance wildlife …

Go to article

Characteristics Of Predation And Losses In The New York Sheep Industry, Jay B. Mcaninch, Michael G. Fargione Oct 1987

Characteristics Of Predation And Losses In The New York Sheep Industry, Jay B. Mcaninch, Michael G. Fargione

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

A questionnaire survey was used in 1985 to obtain data on predation and losses from New York sheep growers. Surveys were returned by 685 growers which was a 40% return rate. The average grower managed 160 acres, including 24 acres of pasture, kept 106 sheep and received 12% of the total family income from sheep farming. Sheep predation occurred on 44% of the farms and dogs were considered the most harmful predator by 88% of the growers with losses. Growers with sheep losses had significantly larger flocks, more acreage in pasture, larger farms and depended more heavily on sheep farming …

Go to article

Research Needs In Education And Research Institutions, Jay B. Mcaninch Oct 1987

Research Needs In Education And Research Institutions, Jay B. Mcaninch

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Research to support wildlife management programs has traditionally been conducted by scientists in education and research institutions. Much of this work has resulted from state and federal agency program needs or has been funded by state or federal agencies upon solicitation from scientists at these institutions. Regardless of the origin of the research, these institutions have primarily provided the investigators and staff for conducting research on animal damage problems. The priorities, duration and depth of the efforts have been dependent upon the commitment to damage control research by the investigator and the quality of funding support.

Go to article

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller Oct 1987

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The wildlife profession has achieved great success in habitat management, game population restoration, and in learning to manage wildlife populations for public use and enjoyment during the past 50 years. However, a number of wildlife species have become serious problems to agricultural profitability and to natural resources managers in recent years.

These problem situations may well focus on a lack of appropriate research or perhaps just not keeping pace. For the most part, wildlife research for the prevention and control of wildlife damage has been latently reactive, rather than proactive. Obviously, one of the difficulties continues to be, how to …

Go to article

Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara Oct 1987

Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Controversies regarding wildlife damage control often result from incorrect perceptions by the general public or conservation groups. Such controversies can usually be settled to most people's satisfaction by indisputable data. In the past, however, data were often lacking. The ban, by Executive order in 1972, of chemical toxicants for predator control on federal lands and by federal agencies is a good case in point. Indisputable data were not available concerning the level of predation. The only data were derived from questionnaires filled out by livestock producers; Government officials and the public simply would not accept such data as unbiased.

Go to article

Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis Oct 1987

Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Roosting congregations of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and several blackbird species (Icteridae) cause several millions of dollars in losses to agricultural crops throughout the United States. In addition, they are responsible for a variety of nuisance problems, human and livestock diseases, and human safety hazards. Dozens of tools have been developed for alleviating these problems, some of which are nonlethal techniques aimed at either roost dispersal or site specific protection of the problem site. Lethal baiting techniques for use at staging areas or at the problem site have also been developed. However, the most controversial solution involves the use …

Go to article

Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens Oct 1987

Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Conflicts between coyotes and man's activities are varied and include such problems as predation on livestock, agricultural crops, and other wildlife, as well as threats to human health or safety. Formerly restricted to the Great Plains, the coyote's adaptability has enabled expansion of its population throughout most of the United States, Canada and Mexico. This expansion has occurred in spite of large-scale control and/or eradication efforts.

In the West, coyote management includes non-lethal as well as lethal techniques. Non-lethal approaches, which have resulted in varying degrees of success, include the use of guarding dogs, fencing, and shedding. In many instances, …

Go to article

Participants Oct 1987

Participants

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Go to article

Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller Oct 1987

Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) were maintained as known populations (0, 269, 538 and 1075/ha) in wire mesh-enclosed blocks of 'Mclntosh'/M26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) for 2 years. There was little measurable effect of the voles on growth and production the 1st year, but during the 2nd year the highest population was associated with the death of one tree; severe reductions in growth, yield, and fruit size; a 78% reduction in crown bark weight, 56% loss of fibrous roots, and a dramatic reduction in the value of the crop. Although the low and the medium …

Go to article

The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee Oct 1987

The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Since 1978 there has been a continual effort by Region 9 of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to develop devices capable of protecting road culverts from plugging damage by beavers (Castor canadensis). Various protective devices were developed. The most successful was the T-culvert guard. Trial installations of T-culvert guards were made at 4 sites experiencing beaver damage. T-culverts consisted of a 4 ft. or larger diameter culvert and a smaller diameter culvert which connected it to the road culvert . Directions for construction, installation and maintenance of T-culverts are given. Costs for a typical 4 …

Go to article

Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr Oct 1987

Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Beaver populations in North Miss, and West Tenn. have increased rapidly, Pelt trapping has been the major control method in the past. With low demand and poor prices for southern pelts, this activity is almost nonexistent today.

Landowners, both private and industrial, have tried several control methods with limited success. Few landowners have the expertise or the time to perform their own control work. What is needed is an agency with the expertise and the supervisory capacity to administer the program for the landowner.

The Animal Damage Control Unit of USDA entered into a cooperative agreement with an industrial landowner …

Go to article

Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian Oct 1987

Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Extension personnel are in a unique position to observe and to be involved in animal damage control (ADC) programs at the federal, state and private levels. In order to offer educational programs, we must interpret regulations and policies to provide a workable interface between ourselves, other agencies and the public. This is not an easy task in such a sensitive and emotional area.

The lack of uniformity in policies among federal agencies as well as the hazy lines of authority and responsibility for some species makes it hard to provide guidance for our clientele. The growing involvement of the public …

Go to article

Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert Oct 1987

Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Nonpredatory mammal damage probably exceeds one-half billion dollars each year in the U.S., in spite of many techniques and programs for controlling such losses. Improved and new control methods are obviously needed. The task of ADC researchers has become increasingly demanding and complex, however. They must not only obtain information to satisfy recurring Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data call-ins required to maintain and improve existing State and Federal rodenticide registrations, but must develop and register new damage control techniques and strategies. New methods must be highly efficacious, safe, cost effective, and present the lowest possible hazard to non-target species and …

Go to article

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Dennis Slate Oct 1987

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Dennis Slate

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

This presentation provides a brief overview of wildlife damage-related research needs as they are perceived by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Animal Damage Control (ADC) State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region. There are 23 State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region who are responsible for managing operational and technical assistance animal damage programs in 31 states. Because of their collective experience with a variety of species and control techniques under various environmental circumstances, their input and insight should be valuable in helping those in the research community more clearly define wildlife damage-related research needs.

State Directors responded …

Go to article

Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A.R. Stickley Jr., J.R. Pruitt, C.E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C.H. Gayle Oct 1987

Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A.R. Stickley Jr., J.R. Pruitt, C.E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C.H. Gayle

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

When disturbed, blackbird/ starling roost sites can be sources of locally severe outbreaks of histoplasmosis; therefore decontamination with formalin is sometimes prudent. We describe the use of a $5000 sprinkler system for spraying formalin on a Histoplasma capsulatum-infested roost site. This system precludes direct worker involvement in the application of this hazardous chemical to the area. Analysis of soil samples collected and cultured both before and after formalin treatment confirmed the eradication of H. capsulatum from the 1.3 ha site. Cost was approximately $17,000 with sprinkler system provided at no charge.

Go to article

Status Of Mesurol® As A Bird Repellent For Cherries And Other Fruit Crops, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer Oct 1987

Status Of Mesurol® As A Bird Repellent For Cherries And Other Fruit Crops, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

A single application of Mesurol at 1.5 Ib (Al) /ac to ripening cherries reduced bird damage in a field test in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York, 1986. Treated trees averaged 8.9% damage compared to 17.5% damage for untreated trees. An average of 7.4 birds flew into treated blocks per 15-min count versus an average of 19.8 birds that flew into control blocks. These results support the various evaluations over the past 15 years of Mesurol as a bird repellent for fruit crops. The consensus of these tests is that Mesurol often provides an effective nonlethal means of reducing conflicts …

Go to article

Bait Stations For Controlling Voles In Apple Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond Oct 1987

Bait Stations For Controlling Voles In Apple Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Bait stations made with polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe were compared with hand-broadcast applications of rodenticides for achieving long-term control of pine and meadow vole populations (Microtus pinetorum and M. pennsylvanicus, respectively) in two apple orchards in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York. The stations were constructed of three pieces of 1.5-in diameter PVC tubing joined together in the shape of an inverted "T". Roofing shingles were placed over the entrances to some of the bait stations to encourage use by voles, while others were left uncovered. All stations were tied to trees, with no attempt to place them near …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last