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Biodegradation Of Polymers And Isolation And Crude Characterization Of Proteins From These Studies, Sunil S. Godbole

Theses

The performance of immobilized and free microorganisms in the biodegradation of polymers was investigated using a recirculation flow reactor and an air-sparged reactor respectively. The bio-oxidation ability of these microbes towards polyamide emulsion was studied.

Extracellular protein cuts isolated were checked for oxidative activity in a microassay reactor. These fractions were compared from various biodegradation studies.

Microassay tests and monitoring of the oxygen consumption in recirculation flow confirmed substrate dependent oxygen consumption, polyamide being provided as the sole carbon source. Increases in extracellular protein buildup were a positive indication of biodegradation.

The protein cut greater than 500,000 daltons was found …

Thermal Desorption Of Contaminated Soils, Chengdi Dong

Theses

The objectives of this research are of twofold, namely, to investigate the desorption behaviors of hazardous constituents evolved from several types of contaminated soils, and to evaluate the in-situ thermal treatment of organic chemical contaminated soil.

Two clay soil minerals and a silty sand with five organic compounds, dichlorophenol, trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) were used in this study. The desorption behaviors were evaluated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a simulator of in situ desorption by heating probes. The results of TGA analysis revealed that a completely removal of organic contaminants can be achieved in a moderate temperature. They …

Quality Assurance Studies For Collection Of Whole Air Samples In Stainless Steel Canisters, For Volatile Organic Compound Determinations, Weifang Ji

Theses

Internally polished stainless steel canisters are being used in many laboratories to collect whole air samples for VOC analysis. The replacement of adsorbents for collection and concentration of VOC by canister collection, with in-laboratory cryogenic concentration, may solve some problems associated with adsorbents, such as artifact generation and breakthrough. However, the canisters can be a source of new problems, ranging from wall adsorption to memory effects.

In this work, four major contamination sources in the whole air sampling and analyzing system have been identified. They are the canister internal adsorption, the whole system transfer line, the air pump and the …

Chemical Degradation Of Pcp And Polychlorophenols, Kon-Tsu Kin

Theses

There are generally two ways of removing PCP and polychlorophenols from the environment: biodegradation and photodecomposition. However, no convenient way has yet been available to destroy PCP wastes which exist in a concentrated form which may result from some cases of emergency spills. In this thesis, a chemical oxidation procedure is proposed for the destruction of PCP and polychlorophenols.

In a water medium and in the presence of base and oxidant, the PCP and model polychlorophenols destruction percentage obtained is higher than 99.8%. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) are utilized as the bases, and sodium hypochlorite …

The Kinetic Study Of Degradation Of The Azo Dyes By Photolytic Ozonation And Photolytic Hydorgen Peroxide Oxidation, Hung-Yee Shu

Theses

The experiments which study the decomposition of azo dyes such as acid red 1 and acid yellow 23 by using ozonation, photolytic ozonation and photolytic hydrogen peroxide oxidation have been studied in laboratory sized reactor and pilot scale reactor to determine the reaction rate constants.

The rate constants and mass transfer coefficients were obtained by a series of experiments of varying complexity. A reaction kinetic model which describes the contemplated experiments was developed and exercised using the Rosenbrock Hillclimb Optimization Algorithm with the Forth-Order Runge-Kutta method. The effects between different hydrogen peroxide dosages and pH level were also analyzed.

In …

Impacts Of Treated Municipal Waste-Waters On Development And Growth Of Hudson-Raritan Estuary Fishes, Chien-Min Chen

Theses

The Hudson—Raritan Estuary, known as one of the worst polluted estuaries in the world, receives pollutants from many point sources. Treated municipal wastewater (TMW) counts for 13% of its total freshwater input and more than 98% of the chemicals classified as priority pollutants been infused. Because of the complexity of the input, treatment facilities cannot remove toxicants efficiently. In addition, generation of new compounds by water treatment such as chlorination occurs. Batch-to-batch variability in the chemistry of this effluent was reflected in the early life stage toxicity bioassays using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) embryos.

TMW has …

Thermal Desorption Of Hazardous And Toxic Organic Compounds From Sand Matrices, Jaeil Kwon

Theses

Incineration processes are effective and sometimes efficient technologies for the remediation of contaminated solids which result in permanent destruction of most organic hazardous compounds. A less energy intensive, but more efficient process to remove contaminants from the soil is the application of heat and a flow of inert gas where the entire soil mass is not heated to incineration temperatures. This thermal treatment increases volatilization and often effects complete removal of organic compound depending on soil conditions and species volatility,

The goals of this research are to develop an understanding of the mass transport phenomena and adsorption thermodynamics that control …

The Oxidation Of Methylene Chloride Over Manganese Dioxide Catalyst, Jun Du

Theses

This research presents results from a study with the goal of using a transition metal oxidation catalyst, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) I to convert low concentrations of methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) in air and in a methane/air stream into CO₂, H₂O and HCl. Our objectives were to determine the oxidative effectiveness of the catalyst and its durability under the corrosive exposure to chlorine, HCl and other likely stack gas contaminants.

Experiments were carried out in a tubular packed bed integral reactor using gas chromatographic (FID and TCD) analysis for chlorocarbons and non-dispersive …

Removal Of Nitric Oxide From Flue Gas With Ferrous Cysteine Solutions, Chun-Chiao Chou

Theses

The removal of NO from flue gas with aqueous ferrous cysteine solution as the reducing agent was discovered by S. G. Chang et al. (1988), at University of California, Berkeley. The purpose of this research is to extend the experimental works done by Chang et al., and to find methods to minimize the problems associated with the sensitivity of the medium to oxygen gas and emission of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas. The main objective was to determine the feasibility of using ferrous cysteine in the treatment of NOx emissions from incinerators. In the present study, it was found that …

Chemical Activation Analysis Of The Reaction Of Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl And Butyl Radicals With O2, Hsing-Hui Yu

Theses

The addition reactions of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl radicals with molecular oxygen to form the energized adducts CH3OO#, CCOO#, CCCOO#, C₂COO#, C*CCOO#, CCCCOO#, CCCOO.C#, C2CHCOO#, C₃C00#, C*CCCOO#, CC*CCOO# and C*CCOO.C# and the reactions of the adducts to varied products have been analyzed using the bimolecular version of the quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (QRRK) theory. The analysis encompassed a temperature range from 200 to 2000 K and pressures between 0.001 to 10 Atm in argon (CH₃ + O₂ reaction only), helium and nitrogen bath gases. The calculations satisfactorily explain the experimentally observed rate constants for loss …

Enforcement In Environmental Law: An Economic Analysis Of Citizen Suits, Wendy S. Naysnerski

Senior Scholar Papers

Previous to 1970, state and federal agencies held exclusive enforcement responsibilities over the violation of pollution control standards. However, recognizing that the government had neither the time nor resources to provide full enforcement, Congress created citizen suits. Citizen suits, first amended to the Clean Air Act in 1970, authorize citizens to act as private attorney generals and to sue polluters for violating the terms of their operating permits. Since that time, Congress has included citizen suits in 13 other federal statutes. The citizen suit phenomenon is sufficiently new that little is known about it. However, we do know that citizen …

Historic Trends In The Distribution And Populations Of Estuarine Marsh Birds Of The Connecticut River, Robert J. Craig

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2b Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 3 Treatability Study, Steven M. Jones, Steven G. Burghart, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume III of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the treatability data. These data include the results of the granular activated carbon, ozonation and packed tower aeration studies. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed financially by matching the cost of sample collection. The City of Little …

Fisheries Research Report No 88 - A Synopsis Of The Biology And The Exploitation Of The Australiasian Pilchard, Sardinops Neopilchardus (Steindachner) Part 1: Biology, W. J. Fletcher

Fisheries Research Reports

There have been a large number of studies which relate to the biology and exploitation of the Australian pilchard, Sardinops neopilchardus. Much of the data, however, are located in journals which are hard to obtain, or in unpublished reports, and theses. With the increase in catch of pil­chards, particularly in Western Australia, a collation of all the available knowledge pertaining to pilchards in Australia and New Zealand was desired to help with the planning of future research into the Western Australian stocks of this species. This report contains all the information located on the biology of Sardinops neopilchardus, a companion …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2a Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 4 Cost Analyses, Joseph Watt, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume IV of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the cost information calculated using WATER MAID. WATER MAID is an interactive software program for use in calculating treatment plant costs. The software program was developed for the Environmental Protection Agency. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission.

Hawaiians Fight For The Rainforest, Paul Faulstich

Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research

On March 25, 141 were arrested as part of the largest demonstration yet against the drilling of geothermal wells in the Wao Kele O Puna Rainforest on the Big Island of Hawaii. The geothermal project, undertaken by True Geothermal Company and endorsed by Hawaii's governor and other high-powered, short-sighted people, has already invaded the largest intact tropical lowland rainforest in the United States. The demonstration drew over 1500 protesters,

Compliance Monitoring And Long-Term Water Quality And Biological Indicator Trends In Hillsborough Bay Initial Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This is the second 1990 report to FDER to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition #6 of FDER construction permit DC29-152790. This report includes trend analyses of water quality parameters and biological indicators of water quality collected by us, and the Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission (HCEPC).

The Probe, Issue 101 - May/June 1990

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
APHIS Activity Report
Reading Material
Letters to the Editor
Personnel
Practical Tips from the Field
All the News that’s Print to Fit
Editorial
New Academic Endeavor
Graduate Assistantships in ADM

Irrigation Management Considering Soil Variability And Climatic Uncertainty, Dani Or

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The increase in multipurpose use of water resources, dwindling xii water supplies, and a decline in the economic viability of many agricultural operations make efficient irrigation management imperative. Soil variability and climatic uncertainty are major obstacles to efficient irrigation management due to a lack of reliable information for decision making. This study was aimed at identifying sources of uncertainty and examining methods for reducing the effects of uncertainty on irrigation scheduling schemes.

A method for spatial-temporal estimation that combines spatial information from few measurements with a physically based model of the system dynamics is proposed. The spatial phase of the …

Interactions Between Plains Pocket Gophers And Two Varieties Of Dryland Alfalfa, James C. Luchsinger

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Monofilament Lines To Prevent Damage By Birds, Danilo A. Aguero

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Enhancement And Monitoring Of The Procambarus Clarkii Population In Lake Mead, Mikell Beth Hager

Publications (WR)

Procambarus clarkii are found in extremely low numbers throughout Lake Mead, AZ-NV. The crayfish are an important dietary component for game fish. Enhancement of the crayfish population would broaden the fishery forage base. Crayfish were stocked and monitored in a study cove on Saddle Island to determine if the Procambarus clarkii population could be enhanced. A trapping survey of the area after the following reproductive season yielded low numbers of crayfish. A comparison of pre-stocking and post-stocking catch per trap day (CPTD) values revealed no significant increase in the population. Procambarus clarkii growth is limited by environmental factors in Lake …

The Effects Of Disease, Prey Fluctuation, And Clear-Cutting On American Marten In Newfoundland, Canada, Richard J. Fredrickson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individual variation in survival and behavior of American marten (Martes americana) was studied in relation to disease, prey fluctuation, and clear-cutting from 10 January 1986 through 20 August 1987 in Newfoundland, Canada. Thirty-seven of forty marten captured on the study area were telemetered and monitored for part or all of the study.

Marten mortality was concentrated in two intervals, fall 1986 and late winter 1987. Mortality during fall 1986 was attributable to encephalitis, while marten deaths during late winter 1987 resulted from predation and starvation attributable to the prey decline. Nonsuppurative encephalitis was first detected 7 October 1986; …

A Descriptive Study Of Range Livestock Operations In The Somali Central Rangelands, Abdinasir M. Abdulle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Information on livestock operations, particularly what kind of livestock operations are practiced in the Somali central rangelands, and how these operations differ for different herders in different vegetation types and farming systems, could serve as a major tool in making management decisions. This study provides a detailed description of range livestock operations in the Somali Central Rangelands. It also answers some important management questions.

Range livestock operations were inventoried through personal interviews with the owners and herders. Data are supplemented by previous nation-wide and regional survey statistics. Herd productivity data which include herd structures, age, age-related sales, slaughters, gifts, and …

The Effect Of Seasonal Cattle Grazing On California Bighorn Sheep Habitat Use, Melanie J. Steinkamp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of seasonal cattle grazing on a newly reintroduced population of California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Idaho, was studied. The hypothesis that bighorn sheep avoid cattle was tested. The issue of avoidance between bighorn sheep and livestock is arguable. Some studies have found that bighorn sheep avoid cattle while others have found no response of bighorn sheep to cattle.

Evidence was found to document the avoidance of cattle by bighorn sheep. The size of the bighorn's home range and core area decreased with the movement of cattle into areas of high bighorn …

Changes To Simulated Fire Behaviour And Societal Benefits After Two Levels Of Thinning In A Mixed-Conifer Wildland-Urban Interface Community, Christopher Dicus

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Potential fire behaviour and various societal benefits (air pollution removal, carbon sequestration, and stormwater runoff) were quantified in a California Sierra mixed-conifer forest in (a) untreated conditions, (b) after removing all understorey trees dbh, and (c) after thinning 50% of the stand's total basal area. Potential fire behaviour was modelled under constant conditions near a hypothetical development by the FARSITE fire behaviour and growth simulator and societal benefits were calculated by CITY green, both GIS-based software applications. Results showed that fire behaviour was considerably moderated by both thinning treatments. Modelled societal benefits, however, were largely unaffected by either treatment, which …

Regional Climate Centers: New Institutions For Climate Service And Climate- Impact Research, Stanley A. Changnon, Peter J. Lamb, Kenneth G. Hubbard

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

In response to the need climate services at the local, state, and regional levels, a national network of regional climate centers has developed. This provides the background to this development, and outlines the functions of the centers and identifies their benefits and beneficiaries. The centers are a source of climate expertise and maintain multifaceted interfaces with the public and private sectors. Each center a) performs services, including the management of the basic data for its region and the delivery of specialized products; b) conducts applied climate studies, including the monitoring of anomalous conditions and the promotin of regional research; and …

A “Drastic” Evaluation Of The Ground-Water Pollution Potential Of Karst Terrain: Lost River Ground-Water Basin, Warren County, Kentucky, David Baize

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Karst terrains, such as the Lost River Karst Ground-Water Basin, are extremely vulnerable to ground-water contamination. Seven physical factors: depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, are evaluated using the DRASTIC system to determine the ground-water pollution potential of the study area. A numerical value is calculated for each of the seven factors, and a map layer for each factor is produced. These layers are then “added” together to produce a DRASTIC ground-water pollution potential map. The effectiveness of each factor in evaluating the pollution potential of karst terrain is …